Oghur languages

Not to be confused with Uyghur language or Oghuz languages.

Oghur
Geographic
distribution:		 Astrakhan Oblast, Chuvashia, Dagestan
Linguistic classification:

Turkic

  • Oghur
Subdivisions:
Glottolog: bolg1249[2]

The Oghur or Oğuric[3] languages (also known as Bulgar, Pre-Proto Bulgaric,[4] or Lir-Turkic and r-Turkic) are a branch of the Turkic language family. The only extant member of the group is the Chuvash language. Languages from this family were spoken in some nomadic tribal confederations, such as those of the Onogurs, Bulgars, and Khazars.[5] Some scholars consider Hunnic a similar language[6] and refer to this extended grouping as Hunno-Bulgarian.[7]

History

The Oghuric languages are a distinct group of the Turkic languages, standing in contrast to Common Turkic. Today they are represented only by Chuvash. Extinct Oghuric languages include Bulgar and Khazar.[8] There is no consensus among linguists on the relation between Oghuric and Common Turkic, and several open questions remain without: if they are parallel branches of Proto-Turkic (3000-500 BC), or if Oghuric represents Archaic Turkic before phonetic changes in ca. 100-400 AD.; if the former, which branch is more archaic and which split up; was Oghuric a separate tongue.[3]

Features

The Oghuric languages are also known as "-r Turkic" because the final consonant in certain words is r, not z as in Common Turkic,.[8] Hence the name Oghur corresponds Oghuz in Common Turkic.[3] Other correspondences are Com. š : Oghur l (tâš : tâl, 'stone'); s > š; *č > ś; k/q > ğ; y > j, ś; d, δ > δ > z (10th cent.) > r (13th cent.)"; ğd > z > r (14th cent.); a > ı (after 9th cent.).[9][10]

Denis Sinor believes that the difference means that those tribes could not have come from lands like Mongolia, which uses a -z language.[11] However, there many loanwords in Mongolic from Oghuric, like Mong. ikere, Oghur. *ikir, Hung. iker, Comm. ikiz (twins).[3] It is believed that they lived in the Mongolian borderlands before the 5th century.[12]

The Oghuric tribes are often connected with the Hungarians whose ethnonym is usually derived from Onoghurs (> (H)ungars).[13] The Hungarians were mixed Finno-Ugric and Turkic, with strong Oghuric-Bulgar and Khazar influences.[14][15] Hungarian has many borrowings from Turkic and Oghuric languages:[16] Hung. tenger, Oghur. *tengir, Comm. tengiz (sea),[3] Hung. gyűrű, Oghur. jürük, Comm. yüzük (ring),[17] and terms of equestrian culture ló (horse), nyereg (saddle), fék (bridle), ostor (whip).[18] A number of Hungarian loanwords were borrowed before the 9th century, shown by sz- (< Oğ. ś-) rather than Comm. gy- (< Oğ. ǰ-): example Hung. szél, Oghur. *śäl, Chuv. śil, Comm. yel (wind), Hung. szűcs (tailor), Hung. szőllő (grapes).[17]

References

  1. ↑ Golden 1992, p. 110.
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Bolgar". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Golden 2011, p. 30.
  4. ↑ Golden 2011, p. 39.
  5. ↑ Golden 2011, p. 239.
  6. ↑ Pritsak, Omeljan (1982). The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan (PDF). IV. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute. p. 470. ISSN 0363-5570.
  7. ↑ Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). "The Proto-Bulgarian Military Inventory Inscriptions". Turkic-Bulgarian-Hungarian relations. Budapest.
  8. 1 2 Golden 1992, p. 95–96.
  9. ↑ Golden 1992, p. 20, 96.
  10. ↑ Golden 2011, p. 30, 236–239.
  11. ↑ Golden 2011, p. 29.
  12. ↑ Golden 2011, p. 31.
  13. ↑ Golden 1992, p. 102–103.
  14. ↑ Golden 1992, p. 262.
  15. ↑ Golden 2011, p. 333.
  16. ↑ Golden 1992, p. 259–260.
  17. 1 2 Golden 2011, p. 164.
  18. ↑ Golden 1992, p. 259.
Sources
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/30/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.