List of British Jewish nobility and gentry
The British title system consists of two, sometimes overlapping entities, the peerage and the gentry. The peerage is a legal system of largely hereditary titles which is constituted by the ranks of British nobility. Under this system, only the senior family member bears a substantive title (duke, marquess, earl, viscount, baron). The gentry are untitled members of the upper classes, however, exceptions include baronets, knights, Scottish barons and Lairds.
The history of the Jews in Britain goes back to the reign of William I. The first written record of Jewish settlement in England dates from 1070, although Jews may have lived there since Roman times.[1] The Jewish presence continued until King Edward I's Edict of Expulsion in 1290. After the expulsion, there was no Jewish community, apart from individuals who practised Judaism secretly, until the rule of Oliver Cromwell. While Cromwell never officially readmitted Jews to Britain, a small colony of Sephardic Jews living in London, was identified in 1656 and allowed to remain. The Jewish Naturalisation Act of 1753, an attempt to legalise the Jewish presence in Britain, remained in force for only a few months. Historians commonly date Jewish Emancipation to either 1829 or 1858 when Jews were finally allowed to sit in Parliament. The first Jewish knight was Sir Solomon de Medina, knighted in 1700, with no further Jews being knighted until 1837, when Queen Victoria knighted Moses Haim Montefiore; four years later, Isaac Lyon Goldsmid was made a baronet, the first Jew to receive a hereditary title. In 1885 Nathan Mayer Rothschild, 1st Baron Rothschild became the first Jew to receive an hereditary peerage.
Peers
Marquessates
- Marquess of Reading[2]
- Marquess of Cholmondeley
- George Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley (Jewish mother)
Earldoms
- Earl of Beaconsfield
- Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield (converted out)
- Earl of Rosebery and Midlothian
- Harry Primrose, 6th Earl of Rosebery. 2nd Earl of Midlothian (Jewish mother)
Viscountcies
- Viscount Bearsted[3]
- Viscount Burnham
- Viscount Samuel[4]
Hereditary Baronies
- Baron Swaythling[5]
- Baron Rothschild[6]
- Baron Wandsworth[7]
- Baron Mancroft[8]
- Baron Cohen of Birkenhead[9]
- Baron Silkin[10]
- Baron Burnham
- Edward Levy-Lawson, 1st Baron Burnham
- Harry Lawson Webster Levy-Lawson, 2nd Baron Burnham, created Viscount Burnham
- Hugh John Frederick Lawson, 6th Baron Burnham
- Baron Duveen[11]
Life Peers
- David Alliance, Baron Alliance
- Alexander Bernstein, Baron Bernstein of Craigweil
- Alma Birk, Baroness Birk[12]
- Andrew Feldman, Baron Feldman of Elstree
- David Freud, Baron Freud
- Anna Gaitskell, Baroness Gaitskell
- Robert Gavron, Baron Gavron
- Peter Goldsmith, Baron Goldsmith
- Arnold Goodman, Baron Goodman
- Michael Howard, Baron Howard of Lympne
- Sydney Jacobson, Baron Jacobson
- Immanuel Jakobovits, Baron Jakobovits[13]
- Michael Levy, Baron Levy
- Peter Mandelson, Baron Mandelson (Jewish father)
- Yehudi Menuhin, Baron Menuhin
- Maurice Peston, Baron Peston of Mile End
- Beatrice Plummer, Baroness Plummer
- Jonathan Sacks, Baron Sacks
- Samuel Segal, Baron Segal
- Beatrice Serota, Baroness Serota
- David Triesman, Baron Triesman
- Leslie Turnberg, Baron Turnberg
- Robert Winston, Baron Winston
- Leonard Wolfson, Baron Wolfson[14]
- Harry Woolf, Baron Woolf
- David Young, Baron Young of Graffham
- Alan Sugar, Baron Sugar
- Lawrence Kadoorie, Baron Kadoorie[15]
- Cyril Salmon, Baron Salmon[16]
Gentry
Baronets
- Rothschild Baronets of Tring Park[6]
- Sir Anthony de Rothschild, 1st Baronet
- Sir Nathan Rothschild, 2nd Baronet, later created Baron Rothschild
- Montefiore Baronets of East-Cliffe Lodge in the Isle of Thanet[17]
- Montefiore Baronetcy of Worth Park[18]
- Sir Francis Abraham Montefiore, 1st Baronet
- Wolfson baronets of St. Marylebone in the City of Westminster[14]
- Sir Isaac Wolfson, 1st Baronet
- Leonard Wolfson, 2nd Baronet, created a Life Peer on 13 June 1985 with the title Baron Wolfson, of Marylebone in the City of Westminster
- Goldsmid baronets of Saint John's Lodge
- D'Avigdor-Goldsmid baronets of Somerhill in the County of Kent[19]
- Goldsmid-Stern-Salomons Baronets, of Broom Hill in the Parish of Tunbridge
- Magnus Baronetcy of Tangley Hill in Wonersh in the County of Surrey[20]
- Sassoon baronets of Kensington Gore
- Sassoon baronets of Bombay
- Tuck baronets of Park Crescent in St Marylebone[21]
- Sir Keith Joseph
Scottish Feudal Baronies
- Barony of Craigie
- Rabbi Robert Owen Thomas
Knights
- Sir Solomon de Medina (knighted 1700)[22]
- Sir Ernest Cassel (converted out)
- Sir Ellis Kadoorie (knighted 1917)
- Sir Elly Kadoorie[15]
- Sir Michael Kadoorie
- Sir Horace Kadoorie[15]
- Sir Clement Freud (converted out)
See also
References
Citations
- ↑ Kessler & Wenborn, p. 443
- ↑ Rubinstein, p. 457
- ↑ Rubinstein, p. 854
- ↑ Rubinstein, p. 293
- ↑ Rubinstein, p. 688
- 1 2 Rubinstein, pp. 825-826
- ↑ Rubenstein, p. 959
- ↑ Rubinstein, p. 639
- ↑ Rubinstein, p. 163
- ↑ Rubinstein, p. 913
- ↑ Rubinstein, p. 457
- ↑ Labour mourns the death of stalwart Baroness Birk, Herald Scotland
- ↑ Rubinstein, p. 470
- 1 2 Rubinstein, p. 428
- 1 2 3 Rubinstein, p. 498
- ↑ Rubinstein, p. 845
- ↑ Green, Chapter 5
- ↑ Rubinstein, p. 690
- ↑ Rubinstein, p. 342
- ↑ Rubinstein, p. 634
- ↑ Jackson, p. 208
- ↑ Green, Chapter 5
Sources
- Kessler, Edward; Wenborn, Neil, eds. (2005). A Dictionary of Jewish-Christian Relations. University of Cambridge Press. ISBN 9780521826921.
- Green, Abigal (2012). "5: Rise, Sir Moses". Moses Montefiore. USA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674048806.
- Jackson, B. S., ed. (1979). "Notes". Jewish Law Annual. Leiden, Netherlands. 2.
- "Labour mourns the death of stalwart Baroness Birk". Herald Scotland. 31 December 1996. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
- Rubinstein, William D.; Jolles, Michael; Rubinstein, Hilary L. (2011). The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9780230304666.