List of mammals of Europe

This is a list of European mammals. It includes all mammals currently found in Europe (from northeast Atlantic to Ural Mountains and northern slope of Caucasus Mountains), whether resident or as regular migrants. Moreover, species occurring in Greek part of Cyprus, Canary Islands (Spain) and Azores (Portugal) are listed here. If geographical range of given European mammal additionally overlaps Turkey, it is noted in some of cases. This checklist does not include species found only in captivity or extinct in Europe, except where there is some doubt about this. Each species is listed, with its binomial name and notes on its distribution where this is limited. Introduced species are also noted.

Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.

Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

EX - Extinct, EW - Extinct in the wild

CR - Critically endangered, EN - Endangered, VU - Vulnerable

NT - Near threatened, LC - Least concern

DD - Data deficient, NE - Not evaluated

(v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014^[1])

Eulipotyphlans

Erinaceidae

Hedgehogs

European hedgehog, Erinaceus europaeus LC
Southern white-breasted hedgehog, Erinaceus concolor LC
Northern white-breasted hedgehog, Erinaceus roumanicus LC
Long-eared hedgehog, Hemiechinus auritus LC (eastern Europe)

Talpidae

Moles

European mole, Talpa europaea LC
Mediterranean mole, Talpa caeca LC (south of the Alps)
Roman mole, Talpa romana LC (Italy and Greece)
Balkan mole, Talpa stankovici LC (Balkans)
Spanish mole, Talpa occidentalis LC (Iberian Peninsula)
Levant mole, Talpa levantis LC (south-eastern Europe )

Desmans

Pyrenean desman, Galemys pyrenaicus VU (Spain, Portugal and the Pyrenees)
Russian desman, Desmana moschata VU (Russia)

Soricidae (shrews)

Common shrew, Sorex araneus LC
Crowned shrew, Sorex coronatus LC
Iberian shrew, Sorex granarius LC
Apennine shrew, Sorex samniticus LC
Eurasian pygmy shrew, Sorex minutus LC
Laxmann's shrew, Sorex caecutiens LC
Eurasian least shrew, Sorex minutissimus LC
Taiga shrew, Sorex isodon LC
Alpine shrew, Sorex alpinus NT
Udine shrew, Sorex arunchi DD (Italy, Slovenia)
Valais shrew, Sorex antinorii DD (formerly in Sorex araneus, Italy, France, Switzerland)
Eurasian water shrew, Neomys fodiens LC
Mediterranean water shrew, Neomys anomalus LC
Etruscan shrew, Suncus etruscus LC
Greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula LC
Lesser white-toothed shrew, Crocidura suaveolens LC
Bicoloured shrew, Crocidura leucodon LC
Gueldenstaedt's shrew, Crocidura gueldenstaedtii
Sicilian shrew, Crocidura sicula LC (Sicily, Malta)
North African white-toothed shrew, Crocidura pachyura LC (Mediterranean islands)
Cretan shrew, Crocidura zimmermanni VU (Crete)
Canarian shrew, Crocidura canariensis EN (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)

Primates

Human, Homo sapiens sapiens (H. sapiens: LC)

Bats

Pteropodidae (megabat)

Egyptian fruit bat, Rousettus aegyptiacus LC (Cyprus)

Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats)

Lesser horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus hipposideros LC
Greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum LC
Mediterranean horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus euryale NT
Blasius's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus blasii LC
Mehely's horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus mehelyi VU

Vespertilionidae (evening bats)

Daubenton's bat, Myotis daubentonii LC
Nathalina bat, Myotis (daubentonii) nathalinae (Myotis daubentonii: LC)
Long-fingered bat, Myotis capaccinii VU
Pond bat, Myotis dasycneme NT
Brandt's bat, Myotis brandtii LC
Whiskered bat, Myotis mystacinus LC
Steppe whiskered bat, Myotis aurascens LC (formerly in Myotis mystacinus, south-eastern and eastern Europe)
Alcathoe bat, Myotis alcathoe DD (Greece, Hungary)
Geoffroy's bat, Myotis emarginatus LC
Natterer's bat, Myotis nattereri LC
Bechstein's bat, Myotis bechsteinii NT
Greater mouse-eared bat, Myotis myotis LC
Lesser mouse-eared bat, Myotis blythii LC
Felten's myotis, Myotis punicus NT (Corsica, Sardinia, Malta)
Common noctule, Nyctalus noctula LC
Lesser noctule, Nyctalus leisleri LC
Azores noctule, Nyctalus azoreum EN (the only mammal species endemic to North Atlantic Azores archipelago - Portugal)
Greater noctule, Nyctalus lasiopterus NT
Serotine, Eptesicus serotinus LC
Northern bat, Eptesicus nilssonii LC
Botta's serotine, Eptesicus bottae LC (east Aegean Islands in Greece)
Parti-coloured bat, Vespertilio murinus LC
Common pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pipistrellus LC
Soprano pipistrelle, Pipistrellus pygmaeus LC
Nathusius's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus nathusii LC
Kuhl's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus kuhlii LC
Savi's pipistrelle, Pipistrellus savii LC
Common long-eared bat, Plecotus auritus LC
Grey long-eared bat, Plecotus austriacus LC
Madeira pipistrelle, Pipistrellus maderensis EN (Canary Islands and Madeira in Africa - Spain, Portugal)
Kolombatovic's long-eared bat, Plecotus kolombatovici LC (Mediterranean)
Alpine long-eared bat, Plecotus macrobullaris LC (mountains of southern Europe)
Sardinian long-eared bat, Plecotus sardus VU (Sardinia)
Canary big-eared bat, Plecotus teneriffae EN (Canary Islands in Africa - Spain)
Barbastelle, Barbastella barbastellus NT

Miniopteridae

Schreibers' bat, Miniopterus schreibersii NT

Molossidae (free-tailed bats)

European free-tailed bat, Tadarida teniotis LC (southern Europe)

Nycteridae (slit-faced bats)

Egyptian slit-faced bat, Nycteris thebaica LC

Lagomorphs

The European hare.

Leporidae (leporids)

European rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus NT
European hare, Lepus europaeus LC
Mountain hare, Lepus timidus LC
Granada hare, Lepus granatensis LC (Spain, Portugal)
Broom hare, Lepus castroviejoi VU (Cantabrian Mountains)
Corsican hare, Lepus corsicanus VU (Corsica, southern Italy)
Cape hare, Lepus capensis LC (Corsica, Cyprus in Asia - Greece, Turkey)

Rodents

Sciuridae (squirrels)

An alpine marmot.

Red squirrel, Sciurus vulgaris LC
Siberian flying squirrel, Pteromys volans LC (northern Scandinavia, Estonia)
European souslik, Spermophilus citellus VU (north-eastern Europe)
Yellow ground squirrel, Spermophilus fulvus LC (eastern Europe)
Little ground squirrel, Spermophilus pygmaeus LC (eastern Europe)
Caucasian squirrel, Sciurus anomalus LC (eastern Europe)
Spotted souslik, Spermophilus suslicus NT (south-eastern Europe)
Alpine marmot, Marmota marmota LC (Alps, Tatras, Carpathians, Pyrenees and Balkans)
Bobak marmot, Marmota bobak LC (eastern Europe)

Castoridae

European beaver, Castor fiber LC (Scandinavia, Estonia, Russia, France, Netherlands and Germany.)

Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)

Crested porcupine, Hystrix cristata LC (Italy, introduced )

Gliridae (dormice)

Garden dormouse, Eliomys quercinus NT
Forest dormouse, Dryomys nitedula LC (eastern Europe)
Woolly dormouse, Dryomys laniger DD (Turkey)
Edible dormouse, Glis glis LC
Hazel dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius LC
Roach's mouse-tailed dormouse, Myomimus roachi VU (Greece and Bulgaria)

Muroids::Spalacidae (spalacids)

Greater mole rat, Spalax microphthalmus LC (eastern Europe)
Lesser mole rat, Spalax leucodon DD (eastern Europe)
Podolsk mole rat, Spalax zemni VU (eastern Europe)
Balkan mole rat, Spalax graecus NT
Nehring's blind mole rat, Spalax nehringi DD (may occur in Greece)

Muroids::Cricetidae

Hamsters

Common hamster, Cricetus cricetus LC (eastern Europe)
Gray dwarf hamster, Cricetulus migratorius LC (Balkans)
Romanian hamster, Mesocricetus newtoni NT (shores of the Black Sea)

Lemmings

Wood lemming, Myopus schisticolor LC (Scandinavia)
Norway lemming, Lemmus lemmus LC (northern Europe)
Arctic lemming, Dicrostonyx torquatus LC (Svalbard as migrant)

Voles

Bank vole, Myodes glareolus LC
Northern red-backed vole, Myodes rutilus LC
Grey red-backed vole, Myodes rufocanus LC
Balkan snow vole, Dinaromys bogdanovi VU
European water vole, Arvicola amphibius LC
Montane water vole, Arvicola scherman LC
Southwestern water vole, Arvicola sapidus VU (Spain and France)
Field vole, Microtus agrestis LC
Common vole, Microtus arvalis LC
Sibling vole, Microtus epiroticus (M. levis: LC)
Root vole, Microtus oeconomus LC
Snow vole, Microtus nivalis LC
Gunther's vole, Microtus guentheri LC
Cabrera's vole, Microtus cabrerae NT
Bavarian pine vole, Microtus bavaricus CR
European pine vole, Microtus subterraneus LC
East European vole, Microtus levis LC
Social vole, Microtus socialis LC
Felten's vole, Microtus felteni DD
Gerbe's vole, Microtus gerbei LC
Savi's pine vole, Microtus savii LC
Calabria pine vole, Microtus brachycercus LC (formerly in Microtus savii, Italy)
Alpine pine vole, Microtus multiplex LC
Tatra pine vole, Microtus tatricus LC
Liechtenstein's pine vole, Microtus liechtensteini LC
Mediterranean pine vole, Microtus duodecimcostatus LC
Lusitanian pine vole, Microtus lusitanicus LC
Thomas's pine vole, Microtus thomasi LC
Savi's pine vole, Microtus savii LC
Major's pine vole, Microtus majori LC
Steppe lemming, Lagurus lagurus LC
Northern mole vole, Ellobius talpinus LC

Muroids::Muridae

Old World rats and mice

Wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus LC
Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis LC
Alpine field mouse, Apodemus alpicola LC (Alps)
Pygmy field mouse, Apodemus uralensis LC (eastern Europe)
Broad-toothed field mouse, Apodemus mystacinus LC (south-eastern Europe)
Western broad-toothed field mouse, Apodemus epimelas LC (Balkans)
Striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius LC (eastern Europe)
Eurasian harvest mouse, Micromys minutus LC
House mouse, Mus musculus LC
Algerian mouse, Mus spretus LC (France, Spain and Portugal)
Steppe mouse, Mus spicilegus LC (south-eastern Europe)
Cypriot mouse, Mus cypriacus LC (Cyprus)
Macedonian mouse, Mus macedonicus LC (south Balcans)

Spiny mice

Cretan spiny mouse, Acomys minous DD (Crete)

Jirds

Tristram's jird, Meriones tristrami LC (Greek island of Kos)
Tamarisk jird, Meriones tamariscinus LC (eastern Europe)
Midday jird, Meriones meridianus LC (eastern Europe)

Muroids::Dipodidae (dipodids)

Birch mice

Northern birch mouse, Sicista betulina LC (Scandinavia and north-eastern Europe)
Southern birch mouse, Sicista subtilis LC (south-eastern Europe)

Jerboas

Dwarf fat-tailed jerboa, Pygeretmus pumilio LC (eastern Europe)
Great jerboa, Allactaga major LC (eastern Europe)
Small five-toed jerboa, Allactaga elater LC (eastern Europe)
Northern three-toed jerboa, Dipus sagitta LC (eastern Europe)
Thick-tailed three-toed jerboa, Stylodipus telum LC (eastern Europe)

Carnivorans

Ursidae (bears)

Polar bear, Ursus maritimus VU (Svalbard, migrant to Iceland and northern Scandinavia)
Brown bear, Ursus arctos LC

Canidae

European jackal (Canis aureus moreotica), a subspecies of golden jackal

Grey wolf, Canis lupus LC (Spain, Italy, France, Germany, Scandinavia and eastern Europe)
Golden jackal, Canis aureus LC (Russia and south-eastern Europe)
Red fox, Vulpes vulpes LC
Corsac fox, Vulpes corsac LC (Along southern Volga)
Arctic fox, Alopex lagopus LC (Scandinavia and Iceland)

Mustelidae (weasel)

Stoat, Mustela erminea LC
Least weasel, Mustela nivalis LC
European mink, Mustela lutreola CR (eastern Europe)
European polecat, Mustela putorius LC
Steppe polecat, Mustela eversmanii LC
Marbled polecat, Vormela peregusna VU (eastern Europe)
Pine marten, Martes martes LC
Beech marten, Martes foina LC (southern Europe)
Sable, Martes zibellina LC (introduced )
Wolverine, Gulo gulo LC (Scandinavia)
European otter, Lutra lutra NT
Eurasian badger, Meles meles LC

Viverridae (viverrids)

Common genet, Genetta genetta LC (France, Spain and Portugal)

Felidae (cats)

The Eurasian lynx.

Swamp cat, Felis chaus LC (Cis-Caspian region)^[2]
Wildcat, Felis silvestris LC
Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx LC
Iberian lynx, Lynx pardinus EN (southern Spain)
Persian leopard, Panthera pardus saxicolor EN (P. pardus: NT) (Dagestan, Northern Caucasus)^[3]

Phocidae (earless seals)

Common seal, Phoca vitulina LC
Ringed seal, Pusa hispida LC (formerly Phoca hispida) (Northern Scandinavia)
Grey seal, Halichoerus grypus LC (Norway, Baltic. Great Britain and Ireland)
Mediterranean monk seal, Monachus monachus CR (Mediterranean)
Harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus LC (formerly Phoca groenlandica) (Northern Scandinavia)
Bearded seal, Erignathus barbatus LC (Northern Scandinavia)
Hooded seal, Cystophora cristata VU (Northern Scandinavia)

Odobenidae

Walrus, Odobenus rosmarus DD (Svalbard, Iceland and as migrant further south)

Odd-toed ungulates

Equidae (horse)

Feral horse, Equus ferus caballus
Feral donkey, Equus africanus asinus (Sardinia)

Even-toed ungulates

Suidae (pigs)

Wild boar, Sus scrofa LC

Camelid (camels)

Wild Bactrian camel, Camelus ferus CR

Bovidae (bovid)

Feral cattle, Bos primigenius taurus
European bison, Bison bonasus VU (Eastern Europe, reintroduced)
Musk ox, Ovibos moschatus LC (Svalbard and northern Scandinavia, reintroduced)
Mouflon, Ovis musimon VU (Corsica, Cyprus and Sardinia, introduced elsewhere)
Alpine ibex, Capra ibex LC (France, Italy, Switzerland and Germany)
Spanish ibex, Capra pyrenaica LC (Spain and Portugal)
Wild goat, Capra aegagrus VU (southern Europe and Russia)

Cretan goat, Capra aegagrus creticus (C. aegagrus: VU) (Crete)
Feral domestic goat, Capra aegagrus hircus

Chamois, Rupicapra rupicapra LC
Pyrenean chamois, Rupicapra pyrenaica LC (mountains of south-west Europe)
Saiga antelope, Saiga tatarica tatarica CR (S. tatarica: CR) (eastern Europe)

Cervidae (deer)

Red deer, Cervus elaphus LC
Fallow deer, Dama dama LC
Elk, Alces alces LC (Scandinavia)
Reindeer, Rangifer tarandus LC (Scandinavia)
Roe deer, Capreolus capreolus LC

Cetacea

Delphinidae (oceanic dolphins)

Killer whale

Bottlenose dolphin

Rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis LC
Striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba LC (Mediterranean subpopulation: VU)
Atlantic spotted dolphin, Stenella frontalis DD
Common dolphin, Delphinus delphis LC
(Mediterranean subpopulation: EN, ssp. ponticus: VU)
Bottle-nosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus LC
(Mediterranean subpopulation: VU, ssp. ponticus: EN)
White-beaked dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris LC
Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus LC
Fraser's dolphin, Lagenodelphis hosei LC (Canary Islands in Africa)
False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens DD
Killer whale, Orcinus orca DD
Risso's dolphin, Grampus griseus LC (Mediterranean subpopulation: DD)
Long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas DD (Mediterranean subpopulation: DD)
Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhynchus DD
Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD

Phocoenidae (porpoises)

Common porpoise, Phocoena phocoena LC
(Baltic Sea subpopulation: CR, ssp. relicta - Black Sea harbour porpoise: EN)

Monodontidae

White whale, Delphinapterus leucas NT (Arctic Ocean)
Narwhal, Monodon monoceros NT (Arctic Ocean)

Kogiidae

Pygmy sperm whale, Kogia breviceps DD
Dwarf sperm whale, Kogia sima DD

Physeteridae

Sperm whale, Physeter macrocephalus VU (Mediterranean subpopulation: EN)

Ziphiidae (beaked whales)

Gervais' beaked whale, Mesoplodon europaeus DD
Blainville's beaked whale, Mesoplodon densirostris DD
True's beaked whale, Mesoplodon mirus DD
Sowerby's beaked whale, Mesoplodon bidens DD
Grays beaked whale, Mesoplodon grayi DD
Northern bottlenose whale, Hyperoodon ampullatus DD
Cuvier's beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris LC (Mediterranean subpopulation: DD)

Balaenopteridae (rorquals)

Humpback whale

Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus EN (ssp. musculus North Atlantic stock: VU)
Fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus EN (Mediterranean subpopulation: VU)
Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis EN
Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata LC
Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni DD (Canary Islands in Africa)
Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae LC

Eschrichtiidae

North Atlantic gray whale Eschrichtius robustus EX (possible vagrant from Pacific was recorded in 2010^[4])

Balaenidae

Bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus LC
(Svalbard-Barents Sea (Spitsbergen) subpopulation: CR)
North Atlantic right whale, Eubalaena glacialis EN

Introduced animals

Macropodidae (macropods)

Red-necked wallaby, Macropus rufogriseus LC (Britain, France and Germany, introduced)

Erinaceidae

North African hedgehog, Atelerix algirus LC (France and Spain, probably introduced)