List of Surakarta and Yogyakarta nobility titles
This is a list of noble titles commonly used at the Surakarta and Yogyakarta courts, including the Mangkunegaran and Pakualaman palaces. As the symbols and centres of Javanese culture, the sovereigns of both these courts still hold high esteem in Javanese society and Indonesian society in general. The Royal Families are still known by their noble titles. Many people with distant familial relations to the Palaces also use noble titles, which sometimes are included in the official register of the names. Abdi dalem with prominent stature are also granted titles. The sovereigns also still grant titles to certain persons deemed helpful in maintaining Javanese traditions and the dignity of the royal courts, even to non-Javanese.[1]
As Indonesia is not a monarchy, the Government of Indonesia does not confer any noble titles on its citizens. However, noble titles are still recognised officially as distinct from personal names. This is in contrast with the situation in e.g. Germany or Austria, in which personal names were forced to be used after the abolition of the monarchies. Minister of Home Affairs' Regulation no. 25 year 2011[2] is one example of such state regulations that recognises and governs the use of noble titles within the Indonesian administration. Even the second vice-president of Indonesia (1973-1978) — who was also the sultan of Yogyakarta — was known officially by his regnal name, Hamengkubuwono IX.
This list is created to help readers from a non-Javanese background to distinguish the noble titles from the personal names of individuals commonly known only by their noble titles. Notable examples are Raden Adjeng (R.A.) Kartini, Raden Panji (R.P.) Soeroso, and M. T. (Mas Tirtodharmo) Haryono.[3]
Note that in Javanese alphabet the phoneme /ɔ/ is written with same letter and sign as 'a'. In Indonesian newspapers the sound /ɔ/ is generally written with the letter 'o', hence allowing for another mistake in pronunciation (with the phoneme /o/.[4] The letter å in this list is used to show such difference and to prevent such mistake. The same purpose is also intended with the use of the letter è to represent /ɛ/. Plain e is pronounced /ə/.
The common abbreviations in Indonesian modern spelling are written next to each of the titles.
Titles for Male
- Sampéyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuhun Kanjeng Susuhunan[5] - SIKS
- Kanjeng Pangeran Adipati Aryå[6] - KPAA
- Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Haryå - KGPH
- Gusti Bendårå Pangeran Haryå - GBPH
- Kanjeng Pangeran Haryå - KPA
- Kanjeng Radèn Haryå - KRA
- Kanjeng Radèn Haryå Tumenggung - KRHT
- Raden Mas - RM
- Raden - R
- Mas - M
- Radèn Ngabèhi - RNg
- Radèn Panji - RP
- Radèn Tumenggung - RT
Titles for Female
- Gusti Kanjeng Ratu[7] - GKR
- Bendårå Raden Ayu - BRAy
- Radèn Ayu - RAy
- Radèn Adjeng - RA
- Radèn Rårå - RRr
- Rårå - Rr
- Nyai Mas Tumenggung
References
- ↑ [* http://kelembagaan.pnri.go.id/beranda/berita/prnview_id.php?id=527]
- ↑ [State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Year 2011 No. 362]
- ↑ Popularly known as M. T. Haryono, the name given to him by his parents was actually only Haryono. Mas is a noble title, inherited from his father, while Tirtodarmo was his father's name. Such naming with patronymic included into a person's name was common in early 20th century, coping with Dutch naming conventions, which saw a person's name with only one word as awkward. cf. Oerip Soemohardjo
- ↑ Such difference might seem trivial; however, in some words the meaning of the words are very different e.g. cårå (pronounced /t͡ʃɔrɔ/) means 'manner, way', on the other hand coro (pronounced /t͡ʃoro/) means 'cockroach'. Both words are usually spelled coro in general Indonesian spelling, as in the word pranotocoro (pronounced /pranɔtɔ.t͡ʃɔrɔ/), the 'Master of Ceremony' in traditional Javanese wedding.
- ↑ only Sunan of Surakarta and Sultan of Yogyakarta hold this title
- ↑ only Mangkunegoro in Surakarta and Sri Pakualam in Yogyakarta hold this title
- ↑ only wives of Sunan of Surakarta and Sultan of Yogyakarta hold this title