List of early Hindu Muslim military conflicts in the Indian subcontinent

The table below lists the early Hindu-Muslim military conflicts in South Asia.^[1]

Muslim

Hindu

( Color legend for aggressor)

Year	Aggressor	Location	Commander	Details
636	Muslim	Tanah, near Mumbai	Caliph Umar	Major Naval Raid[1][2]
c. 643	Muslim	Debal		Arabs invaded Debal at the mouth of the Indus river[3]
650	Muslim	Zaranj	Caliph Uthman	City of Zabul occupied by Muslims[1]
660s	Muslim	Bust	Ibn Samarah	Bust occupied; Kabul garrisoned[1]
670	Hindu	Kabul	unknown	Hindus recapture Kabul[1]
680	Hindu	Kabul	Ratbil, Yazid ibn Ziyad	Hindu raiding parties harass Muslims[1]
692	Muslim	Bust	Abu Dulhah, Ratbil	Bust retaken by Muslim expedition[1]
694	Muslim	Kabul	Ibn Abi-Makrah, Ratbil	Major Muslim siege fails to retake Kabul[1]
708	Muslim	Sijistan	Qutaya ibn Muslim, Ratbil	Major punitive raid against Ratbil[1]
710	Muslim	Sri Lanka	Al-Hajjaj	Raid on island[1]
713	Muslim	Multan	Muhammad ibn Qasim	Islamic conquest of urban Sindh completed[1]
715	Hindu	Alor	Hullishah, al-Muhallab	Hindu army retakes major city from Muslims.[1]
715	Hindu	Mehran	Hullishah, al-Muhallab	Muslims stall the Hindu counter-offensive[1]
718	Hindu	Brahmanabadh	Hullishah, al-Muhallab	Hindu attacks resume[1]
721	Muslim	Brahmanabadh	al-Muhallab, Hullishah	Hullishah becomes a Muslim, likely due to military reversals.[1]
725	Muslim	Avanti	Nagabhata I	Defeat of large expedition against Avanti.[1]
724-740	Muslim	Uzain, Mirmad, Dahnaj, others	Junayd of Sindh	Raiding India as part of Umayyad Hindu policy.[1]
740	Muslim	Chittor	Mauray of Chittor	Hindus repulse an Arab siege[1]
743	Muslim	al-Bailaman, al-Jurz	Junayd	Annexed by Muslims.[1]
750	Muslim	Vallabhi	Junayd of Sindh, Nagabhata I	Pratihara capital sacked in Muslim raid.[1]
754-775	Muslim	ar-Rukhraj, Kabul, Kandahar, Kashmir	Caliph Al-Mansur	Heavy raids and sieges but few annexations by Muslims[1]
778	Muslims	Barabad	Caliph Al-Mahdi	Muslim amphibious assault annihilated.[1]
Late 770s	Muslim	Sijistan	Caliph Al-Mahdi	Raja of Sijistan made vassal of Caliphate.[1]
780-787	Muslim	Fort Tharra, Bagar, Bhaqmbur	Haji Abu Turab	Vigorous Muslim offensive captures several important Hindu outposts.[1]
786-791	Muslim	Kabul	Caliph ar-Rashid	Major Muslim siege effort fails.[1]
800-810	Hindu	Sindh border	Nagabhata II, Caliph Al-Amin	Several Muslim outposts fall to Pratihara incursions[1]
810-820	Muslim	Kabul	Caliph Al-Ma'mun, Nagabhata II	Kabul falls to Muslims, is then retaken by Hindus.[1]
820-830	Muslim	Fort Sindan	al-Fadl ibn Mahan	Sindan captured, but Hindu riots make pacification of Sindh impossible.[1]
839	Hindu	Fort Sindan	Mihira Bhoja	Hindus expel Muslim garrison.[1]
845	Hindu	Yavana	Dharmpala	Muslim principality becomes vassal of Pratiharas.[1]
845-860	Hindu	Pratihara-Sindh	Mihira Bhoja	Uneasy truce between Sindh and Rajputana.[1]
860	Hindu	Rajputana-Sindh	Kokkalla I	Kalachuri raids into Sindh to finance war with Pratihara kingdom[1]
867	Muslim	Herat	Yakub ibn Layth	Saffarid conquest[1]
870	Muslim	Kabul	Yakub ibn Layth, Lalliya Shahi	Saffarid conquest[1]
880-900	Muslim	Sijistan	Amr ibn Layth, Kamaluka Shahi	Frequent raids by Muslims.[1]
903-905	Hindu	Kabul region	Shahi dynasty	Disintegration of Saffarids allows major Hindu military achievements.[1]
905-915	Hindu	Multan region	Mahipala Pratihara	Series of major but unsuccessful Hindu sieges of Multan.[1]
940-950	Hindu	Multan region	Pratihara, Amir of Multan	Evidences of war and reprisals prior to the Qarmatian take-over.[1]
c. 948-963	Muslim	Alptigin	Punjab	Alptigin of Ghazni plunders Punjab several times.[4]
963	Muslim	Alptigin, Anuk Lawik	Fort Ghazni	Muslims take fort from Hindus.[1]
965-973	Muslim	Lamghan	Sabuktigin	Heavy raiding[1]
973	Hindu	Ghazna	Sabuktigin	Defeat of Hindu expedition.[1]
973-991	Muslim	Lamghan	Sabuktigin, Jayapala	Long series of engagements, eventual Muslim annexation of Lamghan[1]
1001	Muslim	Peshawar	Mahmud, Jayapala	Defeat of major Hindu confederation.[1]
1004	Muslim	Bhera	Mahmud, Bijay Ray	Muslims annex city[1]
1005–1006	Muslim	Multan	Mahmud, Fateh Daud	Siege successful, Daud agrees to pay tribute to Mahmud[1]
1005–1008	Muslim	Punjab	Mahmud, Anandapala	Enormous devastation by Muslim raids.[1]
1009	Muslim	Nagarkot	Mahmud	City razed[1]
1009	Muslim	Ohind	Mahmud, Anandapala	Ghaznavid victory[1]
1013	Muslim	Nandanah	Mahmud, Trilochanpala	City taken[1]
1014	Hindu	Tosi river	Mahmud, Trilochanpala	Muslims halted[1]
1015	Muslim	Lohkot (Lahore)	Mahmud	Unsuccessful Muslim siege[1]
1018	Muslim	Kannauj and Baran	Mahmud	Two major Hindu capitals surrounded.[1]
1021	Muslim	Lohkot (Lahore)	Mahmud	Second siege also fails[1]
1022	Muslim	Fort Gwalior	Mahmud, Nanda	Fort taken[1]
1022	Muslim	Fort Kalanjara	Mahmud, Nanda	Chandela fort stalls Muslim advance.[1]
1025	Muslim	Somnath	Mahmud	City taken.[1]
1027	Muslim	Indus Valley	Mahmud, Jats	Ghaznavid victory[1]
1033	Muslim	Saraswa	Masud	Ghaznavid siege successful[1]
1033	Muslim	Varanasi	Ahmed Nialtigin, Gangeyadeva Cedi	Major raid[1]
1037	Muslim	Hansi (near Delhi)	Masud	Ghaznavid victory[1]
1040	Muslim	Thanesar	Mahmud, Tomara dynasty	Major city taken.[1]
1044	Hindu	Thanesar, Hansi, Kangra	Mahipal of Delhi	Grand counter offensive recaptures some ground.[1]
1049	Muslim	Thanesar, Hansi, Kangra	Bu'Ali Hasan	Mahipal forced to give up some reconquests[1]
1052	Muslim	Fort Kangra	Nushtigin Ghazni, Mahipala	Retaken by Muslims.[1]
1060–1075	Muslim	Rupal, Ajudhan, Buria, Sirhind, Dhangan, Fort Darah	Sultan Ibrahim	Muslim conquests.[1]
1079–1081	Muslim	Navsari	Ibrahim.	Muslims stall.[1]
1084–1094	Muslim	Beyond Ganges.	Mahmud ibn Ibrahim	Powerful but valueless expeditionary probe[1]
1099–1115	Muslim	Kannauj	Hajib Tughatigin, Madanachandra	Massive raids and sieges after Hindu reconquest bring many marginal victories but Kannauj remains in the hands of the Hindu garrison.[1]
1120–1124	Muslim	Nagaur	Muhammed Bahlim	Massive penetration raid 300 miles south of Lahore.[1]
1160–1175	Hindu	Dhillika, Asika, Aryavarta	Vigraharaja	Major successes in counter-offensive[1]
1170	Hindu	Kannauj	Jayachandra	Hindus retake Kannauj[1]
1170	Muslim	Multan	Ghuri, Muslim ruler of Multan	Ghurid victory[1]
1178	Muslim	Nahrwalah	Ghuri	Siege fails[1]
1178	Muslim	Kayadara	Ghuri, Nayakidevi	Major defeat for Ghurids[1]
1179	Muslim	Nadol	Ghuri	Major fort taken.[1]
1182	Muslim	Ghuri	Unknown	Muslims halted.
1186	Muslim	Lahore	Ghuri	Ghurids take Lahore from the Ghaznavids.[1]
1191	Muslim	Tabarhindah	Ghuri, Rai Kolah Pithora	Muslim victory ends Cahamen dynasty[1]
1191	Muslim	Tarain	Ghuri, Prithviraj Chauhan	Chauhan victory[1]
1191	Muslim	Tarain	Ghuri, Prithviraj Chauhan	Chauhan victory[1]
1192	Muslim	Tarain	Ghuri, Prithviraj Chauhan	Ghurid victory[1]
1192	Muslim	Tarain	Ghuri, Prithviraj Chauhan	Ghurid victory[1]
1193	Muslim	Chandawar	Ghuri, Jaichand	Ghurid victory.[1]
1202	Muslim	Fort Kalinjar	Qutb al-Din, Rai Parmar	Fall of for ends independent Hindu dynasties of Kannauj[1]
1203	Muslim	Mahoba	Qutb al-Din	Capital of Kalpi province falls.[1]
1205	Muslim	Brahmaputra area	Muhammad ibn Bakhtyar	Major Muslim expedition to Tibet a total disaster.[1]
1205	Hindu	Fort Kalinjar	Chandelas	Fort recaptured.[1]
1205	Hindu	Between Lahore and Multan	Ghurid, Khokhars	Khokar rebellion put down by Ghurids[1]

References

1. Richards, J.F. (1974). "The Islamic frontier in the east: Expansion into South Asia". Journal of South Asian Studies. Taylor & Francis. 4 (1): 91–109. doi:10.1080/00856407408730690. Retrieved 8 May 2015.
2. R. C. Majumdar. The History and Culture of the Indian People. 3. p. 167.
3. Majumdar. 3. p. 169
4. Majumdar. 5. p. 2