List of endangered languages in Russia

According to UNESCO's 2010 edition of the Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, there are 148 endangered languages in the Russian Federation. The list does not include number of languages from bordering countries such as Belarusian and Ukrainian languages. An endangered language is a language that it is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language.

UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct":^[1]

• Vulnerable
• Definitely endangered
• Severely endangered
• Critically endangered

Language	Countries	Speakers	Status	Comments	Ref
Abaza language[1]	Russia, Turkey		Definitely endangered
Abkhaz language[1]	Abkhazia, Georgia, Russia, Turkey		Vulnerable
Adyge language[1]	Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Macedonia, Russia, Syria, Turkey		Vulnerable
Agul language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Akhvakh language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Alabugat Tatar language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Aleut language (Western, Commander Islands)[1]	Russia		Critically endangered
Alutor language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Andi language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Archi language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Avar language[1]	Russia		Vulnerable
Bagvalal language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Baraba Tatar language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Bashkir language[1]	Russia		Vulnerable
Belarusian language[1]	Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Ukraine		Vulnerable
Bezhta language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Bohtan Neo-Aramaic language[1]	Georgia, Russia		Severely endangered
Botlikh language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Buryat language (Cis-Baikal)[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Buryat language (Trans-Baikal)[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Central Selkup language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered	Tym dialect (тымский диалект, tymsky dialekt).
Central Siberian Yupik language (Chukotka)[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Chamalal language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Chechen language[1]	Russia		Vulnerable
Chukchi language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Chulym Turk language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered	Chulym language
Chuvash language[1]	Russia		Vulnerable
Copper Island Aleut language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered
Dargwa language[1]	Russia		Vulnerable
Dolgan language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
East Cape Yupik language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered	Naukan Yupik language
Eastern Khanty language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered	Khanty language
Eastern Mansi language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered
Eastern Mari language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Erzya language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Even language (Kamtchatka)[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Even language (Siberia)[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Evenki language (Northern Siberia)[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Evenki language (Sakhalin)[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Evenki language (Southern Siberia)[1]	Mongolia, Russia		Severely endangered
Forest Enets language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered
Forest Nenets language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Forest Yukagir language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered
Godoberi language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Hinukh language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Homshetsma dialect (Caucasus)[1]	Georgia, Russia		Severely endangered	Homshetsi dialect
Hunzib language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Ingrian language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Ingush language[1]	Russia		Vulnerable
Inkhokvari dialect[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered	Khwarshi language
Itelmen language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered
Juhuri language(Judeo-Tat) (Caucasus)[1]	Azerbaijan, Israel, Russia		Definitely endangered
Kabard-Cherkes language[1]	Russia, Turkey		Vulnerable
Kalmyk language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered	Kalmyk Oirat
Karachay-Balkar language[1]	Russia		Vulnerable
Karagash language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Karata language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Karelian language (Karelia)[1]	Finland, Russia		Definitely endangered
Karelian language (Tikhvin)[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Karelian language (Tver)[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Ket language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Khakas language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Khamnigan Mongol language[1]	China, Mongolia, Russia		Definitely endangered
Khvarshi language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Kildin Saami language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Kilen language[1]	China, Russia		Critically endangered	Nanai language. Alternate names in China: Qileng (Qile’en, Kili, Kilen, Kirin).
Kili language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered	Nanai language. Alternate names in Russia: Gold, Goldi, Heche, Hezhe, Hezhen, Nanaj.
Komi language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered	Komi-Zyrian language
Koryak language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Kumyk language[1]	Russia		Vulnerable
Lak language[1]	Russia		Vulnerable
Latgalian language[1]	Latvia, Russia		Vulnerable
Lezgian language[1]	Azerbaijan, Russia		Vulnerable
Low Saxon language[1]	Germany, Denmark, Netherlands, Poland, Russia		Vulnerable	West Low German language
Lude language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Moksha language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Nanay language[1]	China, Russia		Severely endangered
Negidal language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered
Nganasan language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Nivkh language (Amur)[1]	Russia		Critically endangered
Nivkh language (Sakhalin)[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Nogay language (Caucasus)[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
North Saami language[1]	Finland, Norway, Russia, Sweden		Definitely endangered
Northern Altay language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Northern Khanty language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered	Khanty language
Northern Mansi language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Northern Selkup language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Olonetsian language[1]	Finland, Russia		Definitely endangered	Livvi-Karelian language
Oroch language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered
Orok language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered
Ossete language[1]	Georgia, Russia		Vulnerable
Permyak language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Pontic Greek language[1]	Armenia, Georgia, Greece, Russia, Turkey, Ukraine		Definitely endangered
Romani language[1]	Albania, Germany, Austria, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Turkey, Ukraine, Serbia, Montenegro		Definitely endangered
Rutul language[1]	Azerbaijan, Russia		Definitely endangered
Shor language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Siberian Tatar language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Skolt Saami language[1]	Finland, Norway, Russia		Severely endangered
Southern Altay language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Southern Selkup language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered
Tabasaran language[1]	Russia		Vulnerable
Tazy language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Ter Saami language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered
Tindi language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Tofa language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered
Trukhmen language[1]	Russia, Turkmenistan		Definitely endangered
Tsakhur language[1]	Azerbaijan, Russia		Definitely endangered
Tsez language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Tundra Enets language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered
Tundra Nenets language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Tundra Yukagir language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered
Tuvan language[1]	China, Mongolia, Russia		Vulnerable
Udege language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered
Udmurt language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered
Ulcha language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered	Ulch language
Urum language[1]	Georgia, Russia, Ukraine		Definitely endangered
Veps language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Vôru-Seto language[1]	Estonia, Russia		Definitely endangered	Vôru (Werro), Seto (Setu)
Vote language[1]	Russia		Critically endangered
Western Mari language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered
Yakut language[1]	Russia		Vulnerable
Yazva Komi language[1]	Russia		Severely endangered	dialect about 80% intelligible with Komi-Permyak language
Yiddish language (Europe)[1]	Germany, Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Moldova, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, United Kingdom, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Ukraine		Definitely endangered
Yurt Tatar language[1]	Russia		Definitely endangered

References

1. Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger. Memory of Peoples (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2. Retrieved 2015-04-11.