List of endangered plants

35 extinct in the wild plant species (0.16%) 2493 critically endangered plant species (11%) 3654 endangered plant species (17%) 5430 vulnerable plant species (25%) 1851 near threatened plant species (8.5%) 6645 least concern plant species (31%) 1674 data deficient plant species (7.7%)Circle frame.svg
  •   Extinct in the wild (EW): 35 species
  •   Critically endangered (CR): 2,493 species
  •   Endangered (EN): 3,654 species
  •   Vulnerable (VU): 5,430 species
  •   Near threatened (NT, LR/cd): 1,851 species
  •   Least concern (LC): 6,645 species
  •   Data deficient (DD): 1,674 species
Plant species (IUCN, 2016-2)
  • 21,782 extant species have been evaluated
  • 20,108 of those are fully assessed[lower-alpha 1]
  • 8496 are not threatened at present[lower-alpha 2]
  • 11,577 to 13,251 are threatened[lower-alpha 3]
  • 151 to 296 are extinct or extinct in the wild:
    • 116 extinct (EX) species[lower-alpha 4]
    • 35 extinct in the wild (EW)
    • 132 possibly extinct [CR(PE)]
    • 13 possibly extinct in the wild [CR(PEW)]
  1. ↑ excludes data deficient evaluations.
  2. ↑ NT, LR/cd, LC.
  3. ↑ Threatened comprises CR, EN and VU. Upper estimate additionally includes DD.
  4. ↑ Chart omits extinct (EX) species
Endangered (EN) species are considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild.

As of September 2016, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) lists 3654 endangered plant species.[1] 17% of all evaluated plant species are listed as endangered. The IUCN also lists 99 subspecies and 101 varieties as endangered. No subpopulations of plants have been evaluated by the IUCN.

For a species to be considered endangered by the IUCN it must meet certain quantitative criteria which are designed to classify taxa facing "a very high risk of exintction". An even higher risk is faced by critically endangered species, which meet the quantitative criteria for endangered species. Critically endangered plants are listed separately. There are 6147 plant species which are endangered or critically endangered.

Additionally 1674 plant species (7.6% of those evaluated) are listed as data deficient, meaning there is insufficient information for a full assessment of conservation status. As these species typically have small distributions and/or populations, they are intrinsically likely to be threatened, according to the IUCN.[2] While the category of data deficient indicates that no assessment of extinction risk has been made for the taxa, the IUCN notes that it may be appropriate to give them "the same degree of attention as threatened taxa, at least until their status can be assessed."[3]

This is a complete list of endangered plant species, subspecies and varieties evaluated by the IUCN.

Bryophytes

There are 29 bryophyte species assessed as endangered.

Hornworts

Mosses

Liverworts

Pteridophytes

There are 67 species and one subspecies of pteridophyte assessed as endangered.

Leptosporangiate ferns

There are 61 species and one subspecies in the class Polypodiopsida assessed as endangered.

Polypodiales

Species

Subspecies

Hymenophyllales

Cyatheales

Salviniales

Isoetopsida

  • Isoetes boryana, Gascoyne quillwort
  • Isoetes capensis
  • Isoetes fluitans, River quillwort
  • Isoetes panchganiensis

Lycopodiopsida

Gymnosperms

There are 163 species, seven subspecies, and 29 varieties of gymnosperm assessed as endangered.

Ginkgos

Cycads

Species

Subspecies

Conifers

Species

Subspecies

  • Abies nordmanniana subsp. equi-trojani, Kazdagi fir
  • Picea engelmannii subsp. mexicana, Mexican spruce
  • Pinus cembroides subsp. orizabensis, Orizaba pinyon
  • Pinus mugo subsp. rotundata
  • Pinus nigra subsp. dalmatica
  • Pinus pinaster subsp. renoui

Varieties

  • Abies guatemalensis var. guatemalensis
  • Abies hickelii var. hickelii
  • Abies hickelii var. oaxacana
  • Abies pinsapo var. marocana, Moroccan fir
  • Abies pinsapo var. pinsapo
  • Cephalotaxus harringtonii var. wilsoniana, Taiwan plum yew
  • Cupressus arizonica var. nevadensis
  • Cupressus goveniana var. goveniana
  • Cupressus guadalupensis var. forbesii
  • Cupressus guadalupensis var. guadalupensis
  • Juniperus deppeana var. zacatecensis
  • Juniperus gracilior var. gracilior
  • Juniperus gracilior var. urbaniana
  • Keteleeria davidiana var. formosana
  • Larix decidua var. polonica
  • Picea alcoquiana var. acicularis
  • Picea alcoquiana var. reflexa
  • Picea asperata var. notabilis
  • Picea likiangensis var. hirtella
  • Picea maximowiczii var. maximowiczii
  • Pinus armandii var. mastersiana
  • Pinus caribaea var. caribaea
  • Pinus greggii var. australis
  • Pinus radiata var. radiata, Cambria pine
  • Pinus strobus var. chiapensis
  • Podocarpus madagascariensis var. procerus
  • Podocarpus sellowii var. sellowii
  • Torreya fargesii var. fargesii
  • Torreya fargesii var. yunnanensis

Gnetopsida

Dicotyledons

There are 2770 species, 81 subspecies, and 70 varieties of dicotyledon assessed as endangered.

Piperales

There are 51 species in the order Piperales assessed as endangered.

Piperaceae

Chloranthaceae

Campanulales

Campanulaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Clermontia arborescens subsp. arborescens
  • Cyanea copelandii subsp. haleakalaensis
  • Cyanea macrostegia subsp. gibsonii
  • Wahlenbergia pulchella subsp. laurentii
  • Wahlenbergia pulchella subsp. michelii

Aristolochiales

Theales

There are 174 species, 12 subspecies, and two varieties in Theales assessed as endangered.

Dipterocarpaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Dipterocarpus caudatus subsp. penangianus
  • Dryobalanops oblongifolia subsp. oblongifolia
  • Dryobalanops oblongifolia subsp. occidentalis
  • Shorea agamii subsp. agamii
  • Shorea macroptera subsp. baillonii
  • Shorea macroptera subsp. macropterifolia
  • Shorea ovalis subsp. ovalis
  • Shorea parvifolia subsp. parvifolia
  • Shorea parvifolia subsp. velutina
  • Vatica oblongifolia subsp. multinervosa
  • Vatica odorata subsp. mindanensis

Theaceae

Species

Varieties

Actinidiaceae

Guttiferae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Other Theales species

Linales

Species

Varieties

Malvales

There are 67 species, four subspecies, and one variety in the order Malvales assessed as endangered.

Malvaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Hibiscus arnottianus subsp. immaculatus, White Molokai hibiscus
  • Hibiscus brackenridgei subsp. brackenridgei
  • Hibiscus brackenridgei subsp. mokuleianus
  • Hibiscus kokio subsp. saintjohnianus, Saint John's rosemallow

Sterculiaceae

Species

Varieties

Bombacaceae

Sarcolaenaceae

Tiliaceae

Elaeocarpaceae

Geraniales

Lecythidales

Species

Subspecies

Polygalales

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Santalales

Proteales

Dipsacales

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Plumbaginales

  • Armeria pseudarmeria
  • Armeria soleirolii
  • Limonium bahamense, Heather
  • Limonium fruticans
  • Limonium legrandii
  • Limonium poimenum
  • Limonium preauxii
  • Limonium strictissimum

Rubiales

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Violales

There are 68 species, one subspecies, and one variety in Violales assessed as endangered.

Flacourtiaceae

Species

Subspecies

Violaceae

Passifloraceae

Species

Varieties

Other Violales species

Euphorbiales

There are 93 species, four subspecies, and 15 varieties in Euphorbiales assessed as endangered.

Buxaceae

Euphorbiaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Euphorbia cylindrifolia subsp. cylindrifolia
  • Euphorbia skottsbergii subsp. skottsbergii
  • Necepsia castaneifolia subsp. chirindica
  • Necepsia castaneifolia subsp. kimbozensis

Varieties

  • Antidesma platyphyllum var. hillebrandii
  • Drypetes usambarica var. stylosa
  • Euphorbia celastroides var. kaenana
  • Euphorbia decaryi var. decaryi
  • Euphorbia duranii var. duranii
  • Euphorbia greenwayi var. breviaculeata
  • Euphorbia mahafalensis var. mahafalensis
  • Euphorbia milii var. bevilanensis
  • Euphorbia milii var. vulcanii
  • Euphorbia perrieri var. elongata
  • Euphorbia perrieri var. perrieri
  • Euphorbia primulifolia var. begardii
  • Glochidion ellipticum var. ralphii
  • Jatropha hildebrandtii var. hildebrandtii
  • Phyllanthus aeneus var. nepouiensis

Laurales

There are 67 species, two subspecies, and two varieties in the order Laurales assessed as endangered.

Gomortegaceae

Monimiaceae

Hernandiaceae

Species

Subspecies

Lauraceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Cucurbitales

Begoniaceae

Ebenales

There are 96 species, one subspecies, and two varieties in Ebenales assessed as endangered.

Symplocaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Sapotaceae

Ebenaceae

  • Diospyros acuta
  • Diospyros alboflavescens
  • Diospyros attenuata
  • Diospyros crassiflora
  • Diospyros crumenata
  • Diospyros ebenoides
  • Diospyros esmereg
  • Diospyros gillisonii
  • Diospyros insularis
  • Diospyros korupensis
  • Diospyros kotoensis
  • Diospyros magogoana
  • Diospyros nummulariifolia
  • Diospyros onanae
  • Diospyros oppositifolia
  • Diospyros philippinensis
  • Diospyros shimbaensis

Celastrales

There are 43 species in the order Celastrales assessed as endangered.

Icacinaceae

Hollies

Celastraceae

Dichapetalaceae

Myrtales

There are 227 species, four subspecies, and ten varieties in the order Myrtales assessed as endangered.

Myrtaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Eugenia cotinifolia subsp. codyensis
  • Eugenia mabaeoides subsp. mabaeoides
  • Eugenia mabaeoides subsp. pedunculata
  • Syzygium cordatum subsp. shimbaense

Varieties

  • Campomanesia sessiliflora var. sessiliflora
  • Pimenta racemosa var. terebinthina
  • Syzygium assimile var. acuminata
  • Syzygium zeylanicum var. ellipticum

Melastomataceae

Species

Varieties

  • Clidemia crossosepala var. adamsii
  • Gravesia pulchra var. glandulosa
  • Gravesia pulchra var. pulchra
  • Miconia quadrangularis var. glandulosa
  • Mouriri emarginata var. rostrata

Combretaceae

Thymelaeaceae

Lythraceae

Species

Varieties

Onagraceae

Sapindales

There are 121 species, three subspecies, and seven varieties in the order Sapindales assessed as endangered.

Rutaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

  • Picrella trifoliata var. gracilis
  • Picrella trifoliata var. gracillima
  • Vepris morogorensis var. subalata

Sapindaceae

Species

Varieties

Anacardiaceae

Species

Varieties

Meliaceae

Species

Subspecies

Burseraceae

Species

Varieties

Other Sapindales

Species

Varieties

Asterales

Species

Subspecies

  • Bidens micrantha subsp. kalealaha
  • Dubautia knudsenii subsp. filiformis, Knudsen's dubautia
  • Dubautia knudsenii subsp. knudsenii
  • Dubautia knudsenii subsp. nagatae
  • Senecio lagascanus subsp. lusitanicus

Varieties

  • Scalesia microcephala var. cordifolia
  • Scalesia microcephala var. microcephala
  • Urbananthus critoniformis var. pubescens

Magnoliales

There are 166 species and six subspecies in the order Magnoliales assessed as endangered.

Canellaceae

Winteraceae

Magnoliaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Magnolia cubensis subsp. cacuminicola
  • Magnolia cubensis subsp. cubensis
  • Magnolia cubensis subsp. turquinensis

Annonaceae

Species

Subspecies

Myristicaceae

Species

Subspecies

Capparales

There are 30 species in Capparales assessed as endangered.

Capparaceae

Cruciferae

Apiales

There are 63 species and one variety in the order Apiales assessed as endangered.

Araliaceae

Species

Varieties

Umbelliferae

  • Angelica adzharica, Adjarian angelica
  • Angelica glauca
  • Astrantia colchica, Colchic masterwort
  • Berula burchellii, Dwarf jellico
  • Bilacunaria caspia, Caspian bilacunaria
  • Bupleurum euphorbioides
  • Bupleurum handiense
  • Bupleurum schistosum, Divided thoroughwax
  • Carum asinorum
  • Carum komarovii, Komarov's caraway
  • Cryptotaenia calycina
  • Cryptotaenia polygama
  • Eryngium galioides
  • Eryngium viviparum
  • Ferula sadleriana
  • Heracleum egrissicum, Egrissian cow-parsnip
  • Hydrocotyle conferta
  • Laserpitium affine, Similar laserwort
  • Lefebvrea camerunensis
  • Petagnaea gussonei
  • Pimpinella tirupatiensis
  • Polylophium panjutinii, Panjutin's polylophium
  • Seseli intricatum

Gentianales

There are 64 species and two varieties in the order Gentianales assessed as endangered.

Apocynaceae

Species

Varieties

Loganiaceae

Species

Varieties

Asclepiadaceae

Gentianaceae

Rosales

There are 77 species, four subspecies, and four varieties in the order Rosales assessed as endangered.

Chrysobalanaceae

Brunelliaceae

Species

Subspecies

Pittosporaceae

Cunoniaceae

Species

Varieties

Rosaceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Other Rosales

Species

Varieties

Primulales

There are 21 species in Primulales assessed as endangered.

Myrsinaceae

Primulaceae

Rhamnales

Species

Varieties

Urticales

There are 24 species, one subspecies, and three varieties in Urticales assessed as endangered.

Urticaceae

Species

Varieties

Ulmaceae

Cecropiaceae

Moraceae

Species

Subspecies

Varieties

Solanales

Scrophulariales

There are 216 species, 11 subspecies, and two varieties in the order Scrophulariales assessed as endangered.

Oleaceae

Species

Varieties

Buddlejaceae

Gesneriaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Saintpaulia ionantha subsp. nitida
  • Saintpaulia ionantha subsp. orbicularis
  • Saintpaulia ionantha subsp. velutina
  • Streptocarpus albus subsp. albus
  • Streptocarpus albus subsp. edwardsii
  • Streptocarpus heckmannianus subsp. gracilis
  • Streptocarpus heckmannianus subsp. heckmannianus

Bignoniaceae

Acanthaceae

Species

  • Acanthus austromontanus
  • Angkalanthus oligophylla
  • Anisosepalum lewallei
  • Anisotes spectabilis
  • Anisotes tangensis
  • Anisotes ukambensis
  • Anisotes umbrosus
  • Anisotes zenkeri
  • Aphelandra azuayensis
  • Aphelandra cinnabarina
  • Aphelandra galba
  • Aphelandra guayasii
  • Aphelandra harlingii
  • Aphelandra loxensis
  • Aphelandra phaina
  • Asystasia linearis
  • Asystasia lorata
  • Asystasia schliebenii
  • Asystasia tanzaniensis
  • Barleria amanensis
  • Barleria aristata
  • Barleria brevituba
  • Barleria decaisniana
  • Barleria dulcis
  • Barleria faulknerae
  • Barleria insolita
  • Barleria laceratiflora
  • Barleria laeta
  • Barleria leandrii
  • Barleria limnogeton
  • Barleria longipes
  • Barleria lukei
  • Barleria maculata
  • Barleria penelopeana
  • Barleria perrieri
  • Barleria popovii
  • Barleria pseudosomalia
  • Barleria vollesenii
  • Barleria whytei
  • Blepharis crinita
  • Blepharis ilicifolia
  • Blepharis kenyensis
  • Blepharis maculata
  • Blepharis pusilla
  • Blepharis tanzaniensis
  • Brachystephanus laxispicatus
  • Brachystephanus roseus
  • Brillantaisia richardsiae
  • Brillantaisia stenopteris
  • Cephalophis lukei
  • Chlamydocardia subrhomboidea
  • Crabbea longipes
  • Crossandra cephalostachya
  • Crossandra humbertii
  • Crossandra isaloensis
  • Crossandra nobilis
  • Crossandra obanensis
  • Crossandra pilosa
  • Crossandra poissonii
  • Crossandra quadridentata
  • Cystacanthus affinis
  • Dicliptera cicatricosa
  • Dicliptera cordibracteata
  • Dicliptera grandiflora
  • Dicliptera napierae
  • Dischistocalyx champluvieranus
  • Duosperma latifolium
  • Duosperma porotoense
  • Duosperma trachyphyllum
  • Dyschoriste kitongaensis
  • Dyschoriste nyassica
  • Dyschoriste sinica
  • Ecbolium benoistii
  • Heteradelphia paulojaegeria
  • Hygrophila albobracteata
  • Hygrophila mediatrix
  • Hygrophila richardsiae
  • Isoglossa anisophylla
  • Isoglossa bondwaensis
  • Isoglossa candelabrum
  • Isoglossa faulknerae
  • Isoglossa oreacanthoides
  • Isoglossa variegata
  • Isoglossa ventricosa
  • Justicia beloperonoides
  • Justicia breviracemosa
  • Justicia euosmia
  • Justicia faulknerae
  • Justicia leucoxiphos
  • Justicia mariae
  • Justicia niassensis
  • Justicia obtusicapsula
  • Justicia petterssonii
  • Justicia pinensis
  • Justicia roseobracteata
  • Justicia takhinensis
  • Justicia telloensis
  • Justicia tenuipes
  • Kudoacanthus albo-nervosa
  • Lepidagathis madagascariensis
  • Lepidagathis mucida
  • Lepidagathis plantaginea
  • Lepidagathis pseudoaristata
  • Mellera congdonii
  • Mimulopsis macrantha
  • Neuracanthus aculeatus
  • Odontonema laxum
  • Phaulopsis pulchella
  • Physacanthus talbotii
  • Podorungia lantzei
  • Podorungia serotina
  • Pseuderanthemum usambarense
  • Sclerochiton preussii
  • Staurogyne pseudocapitata
  • Staurogyne sichuanica
  • Stenandrium thomense
  • Stenostephanus asplundii
  • Stenostephanus harlingii
  • Stenostephanus laxus
  • Thunbergia rufescens

Subspecies

  • Barleria polhillii subsp. latiloba
  • Duosperma longicalyx subsp. magadiense
  • Duosperma longicalyx subsp. mkomaziense
  • Neuracanthus tephrophyllus subsp. tsavoensis

Scrophulariaceae

Lentibulariaceae

Lamiales

There are 55 species and three subspecies in the order Lamiales assessed as endangered.

Verbenaceae

Labiatae

  • Achyrospermum seychellarum
  • Clinopodium libanoticum, Lebanon savory
  • Hyptis florida
  • Hyptis pseudoglauca
  • Micromeria leucantha
  • Micromeria madagascariensis
  • Micromeria taygetea
  • Nepeta alaghezi, Alaghezian catmint
  • Platostoma glomerulatum
  • Plectranthus linearifolius
  • Plectranthus ombrophilus
  • Plectranthus orbicularis
  • Plectranthus platyphyllus
  • Plectranthus scaposus
  • Plectranthus strangulatus
  • Rosmarinus tomentosus
  • Salvia ecuadorensis
  • Salvia loxensis
  • Salvia peregrina
  • Salvia unguella
  • Sideritis reverchonii
  • Stachys oligantha
  • Tetradenia clementiana
  • Tetradenia falafa
  • Teucrium lepicephalum
  • Tinnea mirabilis

Boraginaceae

Species

  • Anchusa crispa
  • Bourreria velutina
  • Cordia correae
  • Cordia protracta
  • Cordia rosei
  • Echium pininana
  • Echium valentinum
  • Ehretia glandulosissima
  • Lithodora nitida
  • Myosotis daralaghezica, Daralagezian forget-me-not
  • Myosotis rehsteineri
  • Onosma obtusifolia, Amblyophyllous goldendrop
  • Onosma tornensis
  • Solenanthus albanicus
  • Symphytum hajastanum, Hajastanian comfrey
  • Symphytum podcumicum, Podkumian comfrey

Subspecies

  • Echium decaisnei subsp. purpuriense
  • Echium onosmifolium subsp. spectabile
  • Omphalodes littoralis subsp. gallaecica

Linderniaceae

Nepenthales

There are 17 species, three subspecies, and one variety in Nepenthales assessed as endangered.

Nepenthaceae

Droseraceae

Sarraceniaceae

Subspecies

Varieties

Ranunculales

Polygonales

  • Atraphaxis muschketowi, Shrubby buckwheat
  • Calligonum elegans
  • Calligonum matteianum
  • Calligonum molle
  • Coccoloba proctorii
  • Coccoloba rugosa
  • Rumex algeriensis
  • Rumex bithynicus

Podostemales

Fabales

Species

Subspecies

  • Ceratonia oreothauma subsp. somalensis
  • Craibia brevicaudata subsp. burttii
  • Inga exalata subsp. umbilicata
  • Inga multijuga subsp. aestuariorum
  • Leobordea adpressa subsp. leptantha
  • Sakoanala villosa subsp. villosa

Varieties

  • Crotalaria laburnoides var. nudicarpa
  • Dalbergia cultrata var. cultrata
  • Humboldtia unijuga var. unijuga
  • Leucaena confertiflora var. adenotheloidea
  • Microcharis microcharoides var. latistipulata

Caryophyllales

There are 214 species and one subspecies in the order Caryophyllales assessed as endangered.

Caryophyllaceae

Amaranthaceae

Nyctaginaceae

Chenopodiaceae

Portulacaceae

Cactus

Species

Subspecies

Aizoaceae

Fagales

Species

Varieties

  • Betula pendula var. fontqueri
  • Betula pendula var. parvibracteata
  • Quercus parvula var. parvula

Other dicotyledon species

Monocotyledons

There are 625 species, ten subspecies, and two varieties of monocotyledon assessed as endangered.

Arecales

Species

Subspecies

Orchidales

There are 245 species, four subspecies, and two varieties in Orchidales assessed as endangered.

Orchidaceae

Species

Subspecies

  • Disperis aphylla subsp. bifolia
  • Habenaria stylites subsp. stylites
  • Polystachya albescens subsp. angustifolia
  • Polystachya caespitifica subsp. caespitifica

Varieties

Burmanniaceae

Cyclanthales

Bromeliales

Liliales

There are 96 species and two subspecies in the order Liliales assessed as endangered.

Dracaenaceae

  • Chrysodracon fernaldii
  • Chrysodracon forbesii, Forbes' dracaena
  • Chrysodracon hawaiiensis
  • Dracaena concinna
  • Dracaena floribunda
  • Dracaena ombet, Gabal Elba dragon tree
  • Dracaena serrulata

Iridaceae

Aloaceae

Species

Subspecies

Amaryllidaceae

Species

Subspecies

Liliaceae

Other Liliales species

Arales

Araceae

Species

Subspecies

Zingiberales

Eriocaulales

  • Eriocaulon anshiense
  • Eriocaulon australasicum, Austral pipewort
  • Eriocaulon dalzellii
  • Eriocaulon richardianum
  • Eriocaulon selousii
  • Eriocaulon stipantepalum

Commelinales

  • Commelina zigzag
  • Cyanotis cupricola
  • Floscopa mannii
  • Xyris calostachys
  • Xyris pancheri

Cyperales

There are 55 species in Cyperales assessed as endangered.

Gramineae

Cyperaceae

Najadales

Other monocotyledons

Species

Subspecies

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Listed by IUCN as Shorea agami.

References

  1. ↑ "IUCN Red List version 2016-2". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  2. ↑ "Limitations of the Data". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 11 January 2016.
  3. ↑ "2001 Categories & Criteria (version 3.1)". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). Retrieved 11 January 2016.
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