List of heads of state of Romania

Romania

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This is a list of the heads of state of the modern Romanian state, from the establishment of the United Principalities to the present day.

United Principalities (1859–1881)

House of Cuza (1859–1866)

Domnitor			Reign			Claim
Nº	Portrait	Name (Born–Died)	Reign start	Reign end	Duration	Claim
1		Alexandru Ioan Cuza (1820–1873)	24 January 1859	22 February 1866 (Abdicated)	7008223408800000000♠7 years, 29 days	Previously ruled as Prince of Wallachia and Moldavia (in a personal union from 1859 until official unification in 1862)

Princely Lieutenancy (1866)

Denotes Regency

Regent			Reign			Claim
Nº	Portrait	Name (Born–Died)	Reign start	Reign end	Duration	Claim
—		Lascăr Catargiu (1823–1899)	22 February 1866	20 April 1866	7006492480000000000♠57 days	Princely Lieutenancy
—		General Nicolae Golescu (1810–1877)
—		Colonel Nicolae Haralambie (1835–1908)

House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1866–1881)

Domnitor			Reign			Claim
Nº	Portrait	Name (Born–Died)	Reign start	Reign end	Duration	Claim
1		Carol I (1839–1914)	20 April 1866	15 March 1881	7008470232000000000♠14 years, 329 days	1866 Referendum

Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)

House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1881–1947)

Denotes Regent

Denotes Conducător

King			Reign			Claim
Nº	Portrait	Name (Born–Died)	Reign start	Reign end	Duration	Claim
1		Carol I (1839–1914)	15 March 1881	10 October 1914	7009105945840000000♠33 years, 209 days	Previously ruled as Domnitor
2		Ferdinand I (1865–1927)	10 October 1914	20 July 1927	7008403142400000000♠12 years, 283 days	Nephew of Carol I
3		Michael I (1921– )	20 July 1927	8 June 1930 (Deposed)	7007910224000000000♠2 years, 323 days	Grandson of Ferdinand I
—		Prince Nicholas (1903–1978)	20 July 1927	8 June 1930 (Deposed)	7007910224000000000♠2 years, 323 days	Regency Council For Michael I
—		Patriarch Miron Cristea (1868–1939)		8 June 1930 (Deposed)	7007910224000000000♠2 years, 323 days
—		Gheorghe Buzdugan (1867–1929)		7 October 1929 (Died in Office)	7007699408000000000♠2 years, 79 days
—		Constantin Sărăţeanu (1862–1935)	9 October 1929	8 June 1930	7007209088000000000♠242 days
4		Carol II (1893–1953)	8 June 1930	6 September 1940 (Abdicated)	7008323352000000000♠10 years, 90 days	Son of Ferdinand I
(3)		Michael I (1921– )	6 September 1940	30 December 1947 (Abdicated)	7008230839200000000♠7 years, 115 days	Son of Carol II
—		Marshal Ion Antonescu (1882–1946)	6 September 1940	23 August 1944 (Deposed)	7008125085600000000♠3 years, 352 days	Conducător With Michael I

Romanian People's Republic/Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989)

Status

Denotes Acting Head of State

Head of State			Term of office			Duration	Political party	Position(s)
Nº	Portrait	Name (Born–Died)	Election	Took office	Left office	Duration	Political party	Position(s)
—		Constantin Ion Parhon (1874–1969)	1947	30 December 1947	13 April 1948	7006907200000000000♠105 days	Romanian Workers' Party	President of the Provisional Presidium of the Republic
1		Constantin Ion Parhon (1874–1969)	1948	13 April 1948	12 June 1952	7008131414400000000♠4 years, 60 days	Romanian Workers' Party	President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly
2		Petru Groza (1884–1958)	1952	12 June 1952	7 January 1958 (Died in Office)	7008175845600000000♠5 years, 209 days	Ploughmen's Front (1952–1953) Independent (1953–1958)	President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly
—		Mihail Sadoveanu (1880–1961)	—	7 January 1958	11 January 1958	7005345600000000000♠4 days	Romanian Workers' Party	Acting Presidents of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly
—		Anton Moisescu (1913–1997)	—	7 January 1958	11 January 1958	7005345600000000000♠4 days	Romanian Workers' Party
3		Ion Gheorghe Maurer (1902–2000)	1958	11 January 1958	21 March 1961	7008100634400000000♠3 years, 69 days	Romanian Workers' Party	President of the Presidium of the Great National Assembly
1		Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (1901–1965)	1961	21 March 1961	19 March 1965 (Died in Office)	7008126036000000000♠3 years, 363 days	Romanian Workers' Party	President of the State Council
—		Ion Gheorghe Maurer (1902–2000)	—	19 March 1965	24 March 1965	7005432000000000000♠5 days	Romanian Workers' Party	Acting Presidents of the State Council
—		Ştefan Voitec (1900–1984)					Romanian Workers' Party
—		Avram Bunaciu (1909–1983)					Romanian Workers' Party
2		Chivu Stoica (1908–1975)	1965	24 March 1965	9 December 1967 (Resigned)	7007855792000000000♠2 years, 260 days	Romanian Workers' Party renamed in 1965 to Romanian Communist Party	President of the State Council
3		Nicolae Ceaușescu (1918–1989)	1967	9 December 1967	22 December 1989 (Deposed)	7008695390400000000♠22 years, 13 days	Romanian Communist Party	President of the State Council
1		Nicolae Ceaușescu (1918–1989)	1974 1980 1985	28 March 1974	22 December 1989 (Deposed)	7008496605600000000♠15 years, 269 days	Romanian Communist Party	President of Romania

Romania since 1989

The Constitution of Romania prohibits the President to be a member of any party while in office. The parties listed below represent the political affiliation before the 1991 Constitution was adopted and the party affiliation of the ad interim Presidents, for whom such a restriction is not explicitly stipulated in the law.

Status

Denotes ad interim President

Head of State			Term of office			Duration	Political party	Position(s)
Nº	Portrait	Name (Born–Died)	Election	Took office	Left office	Duration	Political party	Position(s)
—		Council of the National Salvation Front^[1]	—	22 December 1989	26 December 1989	7005345600000000000♠4 days	National Salvation Front	Collective Head of State
—		Ion Iliescu (1930– )	—	26 December 1989^[2]	6 February 1990	7006362880000000000♠42 days	National Salvation Front	President of Council of the National Salvation Front
—			1990	6 February 1990	20 June 1990	7007115776000000000♠134 days		President of the Provisional National Unity Council
2			1990	20 June 1990	7 April 1992	7007567864000000000♠1 year, 292 days		President of Romania
(2)			1992	7 April 1992	11 October 1992	7007161568000000000♠187 days	Democratic National Salvation Front
(2)			1992	11 October 1992	29 November 1996	7008130464000000000♠4 years, 49 days	Independent
3		Emil Constantinescu (1939– )	1996	29 November 1996	20 December 2000	7008128044800000000♠4 years, 21 days	Independent
(2)		Ion Iliescu (1930– )	2000	20 December 2000	20 December 2004	7008126230400000000♠4 years, 0 days	Independent
4		Traian Băsescu (1951– )	2004	20 December 2004	20 April 2007 (Suspended)	7007735696000000000♠2 years, 121 days	Independent
—		Nicolae Văcăroiu (1943– )	—	20 April 2007	23 May 2007	7006285120000000000♠33 days	Social Democratic Party	ad interim President of Romania (as President of the Senate)
(4)		Traian Băsescu (1951– )	2009	23 May 2007 (Reinstated)	10 July 2012 (Suspended)	7008161935200000000♠5 years, 48 days	Independent	President of Romania
—		Crin Antonescu (1959– )	—	10 July 2012	27 August 2012	7006414720000000000♠48 days	National Liberal Party	ad interim President of Romania (as President of the Senate)
(4)		Traian Băsescu (1951– )	—	27 August 2012 (Reinstated)	21 December 2014	7007731376000000000♠2 years, 116 days	Independent	President of Romania
5		Klaus Iohannis (1959– )	2014	21 December 2014	Incumbent	7007619704000000000♠1 year, 352 days	Independent	President of Romania

Living former heads of state

There are three living former Romanian Presidents and one living former King of the Romanians:

Michael I
(1927–1930/1940–1947)
(1921-10-25) October 25, 1921
Ion Iliescu
(1989–1996/2000–2004)
(1930-03-03) March 3, 1930
Emil Constantinescu
(1996–2000)
(1939-11-19) November 19, 1939
Traian Băsescu
(2004–2014)
(1951-11-04) November 4, 1951

Timeline

Further information: Lifespan Timeline of Heads of State of Romania

Further information: Lifespan Timeline of Presidents of Romania

Footnotes and references

Bulei, Ion, O istorie a românilor, Editura Meronia, Bucureşti, 2007, pg. 266-267

External links

Heads of state of Romania

Heads of state of Romania
Presidents of Romania
Romanian monarchs

United Principalities of Romania
Domnitor of Romania (1862–1881)

1862–1866	Alexandru Ioan Cuza

Princely Lieutenancy	Lascăr Catargiu Nicolae Golescu Nicolae Haralambie

1866–1881	Carol I

Kingdom of Romania
King of the Romanians (1881–1947)

1881–1914	Carol I

1914–1927	Ferdinand I

1927–1930	Michael I under regents Prince Nicholas Miron Cristea Gheorghe Buzdugan / Constantin Sărăţeanu

1930–1940	Carol II

1940–1947	Michael I with Ion Antonescu as Conducător between 1940 and 1944

Romanian People's Republic (1947–65)
Socialist Republic of Romania
(1965–89)

Presidium of the Republic (1947–1948)	Constantin Ion Parhon Ion Niculi Mihail Sadoveanu Ștefan Voitec

Grand National Assembly (1948–1961)	Petru Groza Ion Gheorghe Maurer Mihail Sadoveanu Anton Moisescu

State Council (1961–1974)	Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej Chivu Stoica Ion Gheorghe Maurer Ștefan Voitec Avram Bunaciu

SR Romania (1974–1989)	Chivu Stoica Nicolae Ceaușescu

Post-1989 Romania
President of Romania (1989–present)

Italics indicate interim officeholders.

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