List of locomotives in China

A list of current and defunct locomotives in the People's Republic of China.

Steam locomotives

The first steam locomotive in China is thought to be a 2'6" gauge 0-4-0T engine used on the Shanghai-Wusong railway. Towards the end of the 19th century concessions obtained from the Qing dynasty enabled foreign powers (Germany, Russia, France and Great Britain) to build railways in China, and they introduced a variety of foreign-built machines. Later Japan gained control over Manchuria as a result of the Treaty of Portsmouth following the Russo-Japanese War and created the South Manchuria Railway from their acquisitions - resulting in Japanese as well as American locomotives being imported into the north-east of China.^[1]

After the end of the Second World War China came back under indigenous rule. Locomotive were imported from both the United States and Russia as well as other Communist bloc countries.^[1]

Production of steam locomotives continued into the late 20th century. However, steam motive power was supplanted by diesel and electric locomotives as early as the 1950s. The Chinese rail network has been increasingly electrified in the twentieth century.

Model	Wheel arrangement	Build year	Builder	Number built	Notes	Photo
DB1	2-6-4T	1907	ALCO
DB4	2-6-4ST	1892	Dübs and Company
DB5	2-6-4T	1911	Kitson and Company
ET6	0-8-0	1936~1938	North British Locomotive Company
ET7	0-8-0T	~1960	Fablok	90	Similar to the polish TKP T2D Silesia locomotives, for industrial use, not used on the main network
FD	2-10-2	1930s	Voroshilovgrad	1034	Converted to standard gauge (1958-) from Russian FD class locomotives
GJ	0-6-0T	1958-61	Chengdu, Taiyuan	122	Designed at Dalian locomotive works, used in industrial lococations, and other shunting duties.
HS	4-6-4T		Nasmyth Wilson
JF1	2-8-2	1918 ~ 1945	ALCO, Kawasaki, KSK, Nippon, Hitachi, SMR shops, Dalian, Sifang	2000>
JF2	2-8-2	1928	Shahekuo
JF3	2-8-2	1930	Škoda
JF6	2-8-2	1940
JF7	2-8-2	1931	North British Locomotive Company
JS	2-8-2	1957-65, 1981-88	Dalian works, Qishuyan works, Datong works, Beijing 7th Feb works	1916	Built in two tranches, revised version introduced in 1985. Many still remain on industrial lines and short lines.
KD3	2-8-0	1910	Beyer Peacock
KD4	2-8-0	1911–1919			Imported ROD 2-8-0
KD6	2-8-0	1942–1946	American Locomotive Company, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Lima Locomotive Works		Imported USATC S160 Class
KD7	2-8-0	1946–1947	American Locomotive Company, Baldwin Locomotive Works, Lima Locomotive Works	160	Built in the USA and supplied to China by UNRRA in 1946.
KF	4-8-4		Vulcan Foundry (UK)
MG	2-6-0		North British Locomotive Company
MG1	2-6-0	1903–1916	North British Locomotive Company
MG3	2-6-0	1900–1903	Dübs and Company North British Locomotive Company
MG4	2-6-0	1919–1928	North British Locomotive Company
ML1	0-6-6-0	1908	North British Locomotive Company
PL	2-6-2ST/2-6-2T	1887–1910	Dübs and Company North British Locomotive Company
PL2	2-6-2
PL5	2-6-2ST	1887–1925	Dübs and Company North British Locomotive Company
PL6	2-6-2T	1915–1925	North British Locomotive Company
PL12	2-6-2T	1930	North British Locomotive Company
PL14	2-6-2T	1891–1896	North British Locomotive Company
PL20	2-6-2ST	1923–1927	North British Locomotive Company
QJ	2-10-2	1956-88	mostly Datong	4708	Became the primary freight locomotive in China from 1960s to 1980s
RM	4-6-2
SL5	4-6-2	1927	Shahekuo
SL6	4-6-2
SL7 Pashina	4-6-2		Kawasaki / Dalian		Used on the Asia Express train during Japanese control of the South Manchurian Railway, designated "SL7" under Chinese ownership
SL14	4-6-2	1903	North British Locomotive Company
SL16	4-6-2	1930	North British Locomotive Company
TH3	4-6-0	1903–1930	North British Locomotive Company
TH9	4-6-0	1910	Hawthorne Leslie
TH13	4-6-0	1931	Kitson and Company
SY	2-8-2	1960-1999			Many remain on industrial lines and short lines
XK2	0-6-0T	1942–1944	Davenport Locomotive Works, H.K. Porter, Inc., Vulcan Iron Works	20	Imported USATC S100 Class
XK13	0-6-0T	<=1958=>	Fablok Chrzanow (Poland)
YJ	2-6-2
Sources:[2]

Diesel locomotives

Diesel-hydraulic transmission

Diesel hydraulic locomotives type descriptions are prefixed either by the roman initials DFH (Diesel fuel, hydraulic) or NY (neiran yeli chuandong 内燃液力传动 also meaning diesel-hydraulic).^[3] From the initials of the acronym DFH is derived from their phonetic sound the Chinese name "Dongfang Hong" meaning "Red East", matching the anthem of Communist China: "The East is Red" at the time of their introduction, as well as the well known observation of Chairman Mao Zedong that 'the east is red'. Usually DFH is used for internally produced locomotives and NY for imported or prototype machines.

Chinese made

Model	Build year	Top speed (In maximum) (km/h)	Power output (kW)	Builder	Total production	Photo
prototype NY1 "Weixing"	1959	140	1060	Sifang	4
DFH1	1964–1973	120(140)	1220(1060)	Sifang	102
prototype NY2 "Flying Dragon", (Simplified Chinese:"飞龙")	1960	100	1470 (Diesel engine output)	Dalian	1
DFH2	1971 - 1975	62	650	Ziyang	50
DFH3	1971–1989	120	1440	Sifang	268
DFH4	1969	160	3675	Sifang	1
	1971–1974	140	3309	Qishuyan	2
	1975–1981	?	3309	Ziyang	3
DFH5	1976–1988	80	790	Ziyang Sifang	480~
DFH5B (3000系)	1985~	80	920	Ziyang	~20
DFH5C (4000系)	1985~	80	920	Ziyang	6
DFH6	1981	90	1470	Ziyang	1
DFH7	1988–1991	80	790	Ziyang	15
DFH21 (narrow gauge)	1977–1984	50	810	Sifang	104
Beijing 6001	1970	100	4412 (Diesel engine output)	Beijing Feb. 7th	1
Beijing	1971–1990	120	2206	Beijing Feb. 7th	361
Beijing (coupling of double loco)	1986–1990	120	2×2206	Beijing Feb. 7th	2×6

Imported

Model	Build year	Top speed (In maximum) (km/h)	Power output (kW)	Builder	Total production	Photo
NY5	1967	passenger: 160 freight: 120	2940	Henschel, West Germany	4
NY6[4]	1972	108	3160	Henschel, West Germany	10
NY7[4]	1972	113	3680	Henschel, West Germany	20

Diesel-electric transmission

Chinese made

The Dongfeng (DF) series of diesel electric transmission locomotives is the most important in Chinese rail transport. The Dongfeng4 (DF4) is by far the most common locomotive to be seen on Chinese rails.

Model (Former name)	Build year	Transmission	Top speed (In maximum) (km/h)	Power output (kW)	Builder (Family)	Total production	Photo
Jianshe (Simplified Chinese:"建设")	1958	DC - DC	85	441 (Diesel engine output)	Beijing Feb. 7th	1
Xianxing (Simplified Chinese:"先行")	1958–1959	DC - DC	125	1471	Qishuyan	47
JuLong 巨龙 ('great dragon')	1958				Dalian	1
DF 东风 (DongFeng 'East Wind')	1964–1974	DC - DC	100	1500	USSR Dalian Qishuyan Chengdu Datong	706
DF2 (ND2)	1964–1974	DC - DC	95	650	USSR Qishuyan	148
DF3	1972–1974	DC - DC	120	1050	USSR Dalian	226
DF4	1969–1985	AC - DC	100(freight) 120(passenger)	1920	Dalian	843
DF4B	1985 -	AC - DC	100(freight) 120(passenger)	1985	Dalian Ziyang Datong Sifang	≥4500
DF4C	1985 -	AC - DC	100	2165	Dalian Ziyang Datong Sifang	838
DF4CK	1999	AC - DC	160	2165	Ziyang	2
DF4D(K) (speedup version)	1996－1999	AC - DC	145	2425	Dalian	580
DF4D(H) (freight version)	1998－?	AC - DC	100	2425	Dalian	206
DF4D(Z) (sub-highspeed version)	1999－2007	AC - DC	170	2425	Dalian	333
DF4D(7000 Series) (Radial bogie freight type)	2000-2003	AC - DC	100	2425	Dalian	21
DF4DJ (DF4DAC)	2000	AC - DC - AC	145	2510	Dalian Siemens, Germany	2
DF4DF	1999–2004	AC - DC	120	2425	Dalian	31
DF4DD (shunting version)	1999–2004	AC - DC	80	3180	EMD Dalian	230
DF4E	1995–1997	AC - DC	100	4860 (2×2430)	Sifang	16
DF5	1976 - ?	AC - DC	80	1213	EMD Tangshan EMD-Sifang	1014
DF5G	2001 — 2006	AC - DC	100	1213	EMD-Sifang	132
DF5B	?	AC - DC	100	1500	EMD Dalian	36
DF5BG	?	AC - DC	100	1500	EMD Dalian	?
DF5C	1994–1998年 1998 -	AC - DC	100	1320 2000 (Diesel engine output)	EMD-Sifang	?
DF5D	1999 - ?	AC - DC	80	1200	EMD Dalian	180
DF6	1989	AC - DC	118	2425	GE Dalian	4
DF7	1982–1990	AC - DC	100	1470	USSR Beijing Feb. 7th	295
DF7B	1990 - ?	AC - DC	100	1840	EMD Beijing Feb. 7th	215
DF7C	1991–2001	AC - DC	100	1840/1470	EMD Beijing Feb. 7th	289
DF7D	1995–1998	AC - DC	100	1500 (Diesel engine output)	Beijing Feb. 7th	214
DF7E	1998	AC - DC	100	2000 (Diesel engine output)	EMD Beijing Feb. 7th	2
DF7F	2000	AC - DC	100	2650 (Diesel engine output)	EMD Beijing Feb. 7th	?
DF7G	2003 -	AC - DC	100	2200 (Diesel engine output)	EMD Beijing Feb. 7th EMD-Sifang	347
DF7J	2004	AC - DC - AC	100	2200 (Diesel engine output)	EMD Beijing Feb. 7th	1
DF8	1984–1990	AC - DC	100	3310	Qishuyan	141
DF8B	1997 - ?	AC - DC	100	3100	EMD Qishuyan Ziyang	1013
DF8BJ "West Light" (Simplified Chinese:"西部之光")	2002	AC - DC - AC	120	4000	Ziyang	1
DF8CJ "Sunlight" (Simplified Chinese:"霞光")	2002	AC - DC - AC	120	3650	EMD Qishuyan	3
DF8DJ (DF8B 5672)	2003	AC - DC - AC	120	3350	Ziyang	1
DF9	1991	AC - DC	170	3040	Qishuyan	2
DF10	?	AC - DC	100	2×1600	Dalian	1
DF10C	1995	AC - DC	160	2×2130 (Diesel engine output)	Dalian	1
DF10D	?	AC - DC	120	2×1600	Dalian	1
DF10DD	2003 -	AC - DC	100	2200 (Diesel engine output)	EMD Dalian	262
DF10F	1996–1998	AC - DC	160	2×2200 (Diesel engine output)	Dalian	6
DF11	1992–2005	AC - DC	170	3040	Qishuyan	460
DF11G	2003－	AC - DC	170	6080 (2×3040)	EMD Qishuyan	79
DF11Z	2002	AC - DC	160	6080 (2×3040)	Qishuyan	4
DF12	1997–2001	AC - DC	100	1990	EMD Ziyang	?
DF21 (narrow gauge)	?	AC - DC	60	1500 (Diesel engine output)	Sifang	11
NJ1	1999	AC - DC - AC	80	1320 (Diesel engine output)	EMD-Sifang	3
HXN3 "Harmony"	2008 -	AC - DC - AC	120	4700	Dalian EMD, United States	332
HXN3B "Harmony"	2012 -	AC - DC - AC	100	3500	EMD Dalian	≥160
HXN3K "Harmony"	2016 -	AC - DC - AC	160		EMD Dalian
HXN5 "Harmony"	2008 -	AC - DC - AC	120	4660	Qishuyan GE, United States	700
HXN5B "Harmony"	2012 -	AC - DC - AC	100	3530	GE Qishuyan	≥160
HXN5K "Harmony"	2016 -	AC - DC - AC	160		GE Qishuyan
Sources[5][6]

Imported

Model	Build year	Transmission	Top speed (In maximum) （km/h）	Power output （kW）	Builder (Family)	Total production	Photo
ND1	1958;1965	DC - DC	80	440	Hungary Ganz (Hungarian State Railways Class M44)	26
ND2	1972–1987	DC - DC	120	1280	Electroputere, Romania Craiova (CFR 060DA)	284
ND3	1985	DC - DC	100	1540	Electroputere, Romania Craiova	88
ND4	1973–1975	AC - DC	100	2150	Alstom, France	50
ND5	1984－1986	AC - DC	118	2550	GE, United States (GE C36-7)	422
NJ2	2005–2006	AC - DC - AC	120	3800	GE, United States	78

Electric locomotives

AC-DC transmission

Shaoshan (SS) (Chinese: 韶山) series

Model	Build year	Top speed (In maximum) （km/h）	Power output （kW）	Builder	Total production	Photo
SS1 (6Y1)	1958–1988	90	3780	USSR Zhuzhou	826
SS2	1969	100	4620	Zhuzhou	1
SS3	1978–1993	100	4320	Zhuzhou Ziyang Datong	677
SS3(4000)	1992–2006	100	4320	Zhuzhou Ziyang Datong Taiyuan	733
SS3B (coupling of double loco)	2003–2006?	100	2×4320	Zhuzhou Ziyang Datong	333
SS3C	2008	100	2×4800	Taiyuan	1
SS4	1985–2003	100	2×3200	Zhuzhou	158
SS4G	1993–2007	100	2×3200	Zhuzhou Ziyang Dalian Datong	1347
SS4B	1995–2006	100	2×3200	Zhuzhou	130
SS4C	1997	100	2×3200	Zhuzhou	2
SS5	1991	140	3200	Zhuzhou	2
SS6	1990–1992	100	4800	Zhuzhou	53
SS6B	1992—?	100	4800	Zhuzhou	148
SS7	1992–2007	100	4800	Datong	113
SS7B	1997	100	4800	Datong	2
SS7C	1998–2006	120	4800	Datong	171
SS7D	1999–2002	170	4800	Datong	59
SS7E	2001–2006	170	4800	Datong Dalian	146
SS8	1994–2001	170	3600	Zhuzhou	245
SS9	1998–2002	170	4800	Zhuzhou	43
SS9G	2002–2006	170	4800	SLM, Wintertur, ABB, Zhuzhou	171

Imported

Model	Build year	Top speed (In maximum) （km/h）	Power output （kW）	Builder (Family)	Total production	Photo
6Y2	1958–1961	101	4740	Alstom, France （SNCF Class CC 7100）	25
6G1	1971	120	5100	Romania （CFR Class 40）	2
6G	1973	112	5400	Alstom, France	40
6K	1986–1987	100	5100	Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Japan （JNR Class EF66、JNR Class ED75）	85
8G	1987–1990	100	2×3200	Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant, USSR （ВЛ80）	100
8K	1987	100	2×3200	50 Hz-Group: Alsthom, Siemens, BBC and others	150

AC-DC-AC transmission

Both post 2000 introductions of asynchronous AC motor driven locomotives and high speed trains based on technology transfer arrangements with other countries have been given the common name "Harmony" series. Ministry of Railways deputy chief engineer Zhang Shuguang explained that the name was to represent energy efficiency and good environmental credentials as well as indicating smooth running of complicated systems.^[7] Vehicles of the 'Harmony' series have an "H" in their type descriptions.

Model	Build year	Top speed (In maximum) (km/h)	Power output (kW)	Builder (Family)	Total production	Photo
AC4000	1996	120	4000	Zhuzhou	1
DJ "Jiufang" (Simplified Chinese:"九方")	2000	200	4800	Zhuzhou	2
DJ1	2000–2001	120	6400	Zhuzhou Siemens, Germany	20
DJ2 "Olympic Stars" (Simplified Chinese:"奥星")	2001	200	4800	Zhuzhou	3	[8]
Tiansuo or "Sky Shuttle" (Simplified Chinese:"天梭")	2003	200	4800	Datong	1	[9]
HXD1 (DJ4)	2006–2010	120	9600 (2×4800)	Zhuzhou Siemens, Germany	220
HXD1.1[10]	2012–	120	9600 (2×4800)	Zhuzhou	≥440	[11]
HXD1.6[10]	2012-	120	9600 (2×4800)	Ziyang	≥80	[12]
HXD1.7[13]	2013–	120	9600 (2×4800) / 14400 (3×4800)	Zhuzhou Bombardier	8/2	[14]
HXD1.7[13]	2013–	120	9600 (2x4800)	Zhuzhou Bombardier	190
HXD1B	2009–2011	120	9600	Siemens Zhuzhou	650
HXD1C	2009 -	120	7200	Siemens Zhuzhou Ziyang	1207
HXD1D	2012 -	160	7200	Zhuzhou	511
HXD1F	2014	100	9600 (2×4800)	Zhuzhou	2	[15]
HXD1G	2015 -	210	11200	Zhuzhou	2
HXD2 (DJ4-6000)	2006–2008	120	10000 (2×5000)	Alstom, France Datong	180
HXD2.1[16]	2012-	120	10000 (2×5000)	Datong Bombardier	≥280
HXD2.6[16]	2014-	120	10000 (2×5000)	Dalian	40	[17]
HXD2.7[16]	2012-	120	10000 (2×5000)	Datong Bombardier	50	[18]
HXD2B	2009–2011	120	9600	Alstom, France Datong	500	[19]
HXD2C	2010–2011	120	7200	Datong	≥220[20][21][22]
HXD2D	2013 -	160	7200	Datong	1	[23]
HXD2F	2014	100	9600 (2×4800)	Datong	2	[24]
HXD2G	2015 -	200	12800 (2×6400)	Datong	1
HXD3 (SSJ3, DJ3, SL1)	2003–2010	120	7200	Alstom Dalian Datong Beijing Feb. 7th	1080
HXD3A	2014	120	9600 (2×4800)	Dalian Bombardier	2	[25]
HXD3B	2009–2011	120	9600	Dalian Bombardier	500
HXD3C	2010 -	120	7200	Dalian	1300
HXD3D	2012 -	160	7200	Dalian	521[26]
HXD3G	2015 -	210	12800 (2×6400)	Dalian	1

References

1. Duncan Cotterill. "Railography : A Brief History of Standard Gauge Steam in China". www.railography.co.uk.
2. Duncan Cotterill. "Railography : Chinese Steam Locomotive Profiles". www.railography.co.uk.
3. Chinese diesel locomotives, sections "prefixes" , www.railwaysofchina.com
4. "CLASSES NY6 AND NY7 HENSCHEL DIESEL-HYDRAULICS OF 4,600 AND 5,600 HP FOR FREIGHT SERVICES IN PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA - TRB Publications Index". pubsindex.trb.org. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
5. Robin J Gibbons. "Chinese diesel locomotives". www.railwaysofchina.com.
6. 东风、东风2、东风3型内燃机车 [DF, DF2, and DF3 diesel locomotives]. www.kepu.net.cn (in Chinese). 铁道馆_中国科普博览, 中国科学院计算机网络信息中心.
7. 第六次大提速货车技术提升 速度可达120多公里 , 2007 , www.china.com.cn
8. "Image: 20080606021606312.jpg, (600 × 331 px)". csrgc.com.cn. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
9. "Image: 9982_tiansuo.gif, (551 × 339 px)". dtloco.com. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
10. zh:和谐1型电力机车
11. "Image: tn_cn-csr-zhuzhou-hxd1-updated_e8138d75bb.jpg, (362 × 269 px)". railwaygazette.com. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
12. "Image: 20130111_97a35de2e32db1c76de2p1lBovkSAwE7.jpg, (405 × 605 px)". n2.hk. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
13. 神华新型八轴大功率交流电力机车上线试运行. 国务院国资委. 2013-01-17 [2013-01-15].
14. "Image: 5148da4ejw1dzrwd6epf2j.jpg, (707 × 287 px)". ww2.sinaimg.cn. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
15. "Image: a3913417jw1eixy3edo6rj20nq0hstbj.jpg, (440 × 329 px)". ww4.sinaimg.cn. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
16. zh:和谐2型电力机车
17. "Image: 161816dznbg519j1jjugju.jpg.thumb.jpg, (338 × 600 px)". file-rail-bbs.railcn.net. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
18. "Image: 635322054385165000.jpg, (1000 × 747 px)". chinacnr.com. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
19. "Image: 20118181313656542109_9.jpg, (3636 × 2028 px)". dt.chinacnr.com. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
20. zh:HXD2C型电力机车
21. 大同7200千瓦电力机车项目. 江苏常牵庞巴迪牵引系统有限公司. [2012-09-15].
22. 中国北车大连所公司HXD2C电力机车NECT牵引及网络控制系统通过技术评审. 中国北车大连所公司.2011-03-23 [2012-09-15].
23. "Image: 1516199twfxkwwoukwy15z.jpg, (1024 × 684 px)". file-fans-bbs.railcn.net. 2013-09-14. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
24. "Image: 635533848823218750.jpg, (554 × 369 px)". en.chinacnr.com. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
25. "Image: 1732025nn5pyc10d5v5vi0.jpg, (861 × 646 px)". file-fans-bbs.railcn.net. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
26. zh:和谐3D型电力机车

External links

• Hans Schaefer. "Chinese Railways".