List of official languages
Official languages of supra-national institutions
See List of official languages by institution.
Official languages of sovereign countries
A
Afar:
- South Africa (with English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)[1]
- Benin (a national language along with Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante):
- Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
- Morocco (with classic Arabic)
Anii:
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Arabic (see also List of countries where Arabic is an official language):
- Algeria (with Berber)
- Bahrain
- Chad (with French)
- Comoros (with French and Comorian)
- Djibouti (with French, Afar and Somali)
- Egypt
- Eritrea (with Tigrinya and English)
- Iraq (with Kurdish)[5]
- Israel (with Hebrew)
- Jordan
- Kuwait
- Lebanon
- Libya
- Mali (with Tuareg and French)
- Mauritania (with several national languages: Fula, Soninke, Wolof)
- Morocco (with Berber)[6]
- Niger (with French, Buduma, Fula, Gourmanché, Hausa, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tasawaq, Tebu)[7]
- Oman
- Palestine
- Qatar
- Saudi Arabia
- Somaliland (with English and Somali; independence is disputed)
- Somalia (with Somali)
- Sudan (with English)
- Syria
- Tunisia
- United Arab Emirates
- Yemen
- Armenia[8]
- Nagorno-Karabakh[9] (independence disputed)
- India (with 21 other regional languages, and with English as a link language)
- Bolivia (with Spanish, Quechua, Guaraní and 33 other languages)[10]
- Peru (with Spanish and Quechua and other languages)[11]
B
- Senegal (a national language along with Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
- see Manding
- Mali (a national language along with Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
- Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
- Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
- Bangladesh[14]
- India (with 21 other regional languages, and with English as a link language)
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Boko:
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Bomu:
- Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Croatian, Serbian) (de facto)[17]
Bozo:
- Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
- Niger (with French, Arabic, Fula, Gourmanché, Hausa, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tasawaq, Tebu)[7]
C
- Hong Kong (using Traditional Chinese characters); with English and Mandarin Chinese
- Macau (using Traditional Chinese characters); with Portuguese and Mandarin Chinese
- China (using Simplified Han script)
- Macau (using both Simplified Han and Traditional Han script)
- Hong Kong (using both Simplified Han and Traditional Han script)
- Taiwan (using Traditional Han script)
- Singapore (using Simplified Han script; with English, Malay and Tamil)[21]
- Malawi (with English)
- Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chirbawe, Kalanga, Khoisan, Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)[22]
Chirbawe (Sena):
- see Sena
- Angola (a national language along with Kimbundu, Kikongo, Kwanyama, Ganguela, Umbundu, the official language is Portuguese)
- Czech Republic
- Slovakia (legislation states that a person using Czech language at a Slovak institution must be treated as if using Slovak language)
D
- Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagbani, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
- Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
- Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dagbani, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
- Denmark
- Faroe Islands (with Faroese)
- Greenland (with Greenlandic)
Dari:
- Afghanistan (a local variant of Persian, but defined as "Dari" in the Afghan constitution; together with Pashto)[24]
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
- see Manding
- Burkina Faso (a national language along with Fula, Mossi and other languages, the official language is French)
- Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
- Belgium (sole official language in Flanders, along with French in Brussels)
- The Netherlands (sole official language in every province except Friesland, where West Frisian is co-official and the BES islands, where Papiamento and English are co-official)
- Aruba (with Papiamento)
- Curaçao (with Papiamento and English)
- Sint Maarten (with English)
- Suriname
E
English (see also List of countries where English is an official language):
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Australia (considered de facto as no official language is mentioned in the Australian Constitution, with many other Aboriginal languages)
- The Bahamas
- Barbados
- Belize
- Botswana (but the national language is Tswana)
- Cameroon (with French)
- Canada (with French)
- Ontario (de facto; with limited French)
- Nova Scotia (de facto; with limited French & Gaelic)
- New Brunswick (with French)
- Manitoba (with French)
- British Columbia (de facto; with limited French)
- Prince Edward Island (de facto; with limited French)
- Saskatchewan (de facto; with limited French)
- Alberta (de facto; with limited French)
- Newfoundland and Labrador (de facto; with limited French, Innu-aimun, & Inuttut)
- Northwest Territories (with 10 others)
- Yukon (with French)
- Nunavut (with Inuit & French)
- Curaçao (with Dutch and Papiamento)
- Dominica
- Eritrea (with Tigrinya and Arabic)
- Fiji (with Bau Fijian and Hindustani)[27]
- The Gambia
- Ghana (with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema)
- Grenada
- Guyana
- Hong Kong (with Cantonese and Mandarin Chinese)
- India (with 22 regional languages)
- Republic of Ireland ("second official"; with Irish)[28]
- Jamaica
- Kenya (with Swahili)
- Kiribati
- Lesotho (with Sotho)
- Liberia
- Malawi (with Chichewa)
- Malaysia (de facto official language with Malay; still serve as official and national language with Malay in Sabah and Sarawak)[29]
- Malta (with Maltese)
- Marshall Islands (with Marshallese)
- Mauritius (with French)[30]
- Micronesia, Federated States of
- Namibia (Afrikaans, German, and Oshiwambo are spoken regionally)[31]
- Nauru (with Nauruan)
- New Zealand (with Māori and New Zealand Sign Language)
- Nigeria (with Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba)
- Pakistan (with Urdu as the national language)
- Palau (with Palauan)
- Papua New Guinea (with Tok Pisin and Hiri Motu)
- Philippines (with Filipino)
- Rwanda (with French and Kinyarwanda)
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Saint Lucia
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Samoa (with Samoan)
- Seychelles (with Seychellois Creole and French)
- Sierra Leone
- Singapore (with Chinese, Malay, Tamil)[21]
- Sint Maarten (with Dutch)
- Solomon Islands
- Somaliland (with Arabic and Somali; independence is disputed)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)[1]
- South Sudan
- Sri Lanka (with Sinhala and Tamil)
- Sudan (with Arabic)
- Swaziland (with Swati)
- Tanzania (with Swahili)
- Tonga (with Tongan)
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Tuvalu (with Tuvaluan)
- Uganda (with Swahili)
- United Kingdom (along with Irish, Ulster Scots, Scots, Scottish Gaelic, Cornish, Welsh)
- United States of America (considered the de facto national language. It is the sole, but unofficial, language of the federal government. The English Language is the official language of 27 states; see Languages of the United States#Official language status.)
- Vanuatu (with Bislama and French)[16]
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe (with Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, Khoisan, Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)[22]
- Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme Ga, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
- Togo (with French and Kabye)
F
- Fiji (with English and Hindustani)[27]
- Philippines (with English)
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
French (see also List of countries where French is an official language):
- Belgium (with Dutch and German)
- Benin (with several national languages: Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba)
- Burkina Faso (with several national languages including Dioula, Fula, Mossi)
- Burundi (with Kirundi)
- Cameroon (with English)
- Canada (with English)
- Quebec (with limited English)
- New Brunswick (with English)
- Manitoba (with English)
- Northwest Territories (with 10 others)
- Yukon (with English)
- Nunavut (with Inuit & English)
- Central African Republic (with Sango)[32]
- Chad (with Arabic)
- Comoros (with Arabic and Comorian)
- Ivory Coast
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (with four national languages: Kikongo, Lingala, Swahili and Tshiluba)[33]
- Republic of the Congo (with two national languages: Kikongo and Lingala)[34]
- Djibouti (with Arabic, Afar and Somali)
- Equatorial Guinea (with Spanish and Portuguese)
- France
- Gabon
- Guernesey (with English)
- Guinea (with several national languages: Fula, Kissi, Kpelle, Malinke, Susu, Toma, Oniyan, Wamey)
- Haiti (with Haitian Creole)[35]
- Italy
- Aosta Valley (with Italian)
- Jersey (with English)
- Luxembourg (with German and Luxembourgish)
- Madagascar (with Malagasy)
- Mali (with several national languages: Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq)
- Mauritius (with English)[30]
- Monaco
- Niger (with Arabic, Buduma, Fula, Gourmanché, Hausa, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tasawaq, Tebu)[7]
- Rwanda (with English and Kinyarwanda)
- Senegal (with several national languages: Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof)
- Seychelles (with Seychellois Creole and English)
- Switzerland (with German, Italian, and Rhaeto-Romansch)[36]
- Togo (with Ewe-Gbe and Kabye)
- Vanuatu (with Bislama and English)[16]
Fula:
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
- Burkina Faso (a national language along with Dioula, Mossi and other languages, the official language is French)
- Guinea (a national language along with Kissi, Kpelle, Malinke, Susu, Toma, Oniyan, Wamey, the official language is French)
- Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
- Mauritania (a national language along with Soninke, Wolof, the official language is Arabic)
- Niger (with French, Arabic, Buduma, Gourmanché, Hausa, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tasawaq, Tebu)[7]
- Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
G
Ga:
- Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme, Gonja, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
Gbe:
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
- Georgia[37]
- South Ossetia (with Ossetian and Russian; independence is disputed)[38]
- Abkhazia (with Georgian according to the Georgian constitution; independence is disputed)[37]
- Austria (with Hungarian, Burgenland Croatian, and Slovene)
- Belgium (with Dutch and French)
- Germany
- Liechtenstein
- Luxembourg (with French and Luxembourgish)
- Italy (in South Tyrol)
- Switzerland (with French, Italian, and Romansh)[36]
- 17 of the 26 cantons (monolingually German)
- Graubünden (with Italian and Romansh)
- Bern (with French)
- Fribourg (with French)
- Valais (with French)
- Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme, Ga, Kasem, Nzema, the official language is English)
- India
H
- Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
- Niger (with French, Arabic, Buduma, Fula, Gourmanché, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tasawaq, Tebu)[7]
- Nigeria (with English, Igbo and Yoruba)[41]
- Israel (with Arabic)
- India ("official language of the Union"; with English; 21 other regional languages namely Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Meitei (Manipuri), Marathi, Nepali, Odia, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Santhali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu etc.[42])[43]
- Fiji (with English and Bau Fijian; known constitutionally as Hindustani as an umbrella term to cover Urdu, as well as Hindi)[27]
- Papua New Guinea (with English and Tok Pisin)
- Hungary[44]
I
Igbo:
- Republic of Ireland ("national"; with English being "second official")[28]
- Italy
- Croatia
- Istria County (with Croatian)
- San Marino
- Slovenia
- Slovenian Istria (with Slovene)
- Switzerland (with German and French)[36]
- Ticino
- Graubünden (with German and Romansh)
- Vatican City (with Latin)
J
- Japan (de facto)
Jola:
- Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
K
- Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Khoisan, Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)[22]
- Niger (with French, Arabic, Buduma, Fula, Gourmanché, Hausa, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tasawaq, Tebu)[7]
- Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, Nzema, the official language is English)
- Kazakhstan (with Russian)[46]
- Angola (a national language along with Chokwe, Kimbundu, Kwanyama, Ganguela, Umbundu, the official language is Portuguese)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (a national language along with Lingala, Swahili and Tshiluba, the official language is French)[33]
- Republic of the Congo (a national language along with Lingala, the official language is French)[34]
- Angola (a national language along with Chokwe, Kikongo, Kwanyama, Ganguela, Umbundu, the official language is Portuguese)
- Guinea (a national language along with Fula, Kpelle, Malinke, Susu, Toma, Oniyan, Wamey, the official language is French)
- Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)[22]
- Guinea (a national language along with Fula, Kissi, Malinke, Susu, Toma, Oniyan, Wamey, the official language is French)
- Angola (a national language along with Chokwe, Kimbundu, Kikongo, Ganguela, Umbundu, the official language is Portuguese)
- Kyrgyzstan (with Russian)[48]
L
Lao:
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (a national language along with Kikongo, Swahili and Tshiluba, the official language is French)[33]
- Republic of the Congo (a national language along with Kituba, the official language is French)[34]
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
- Luxembourg (with French and German)
M
- Madagascar (with French)
- Malaysia (with de facto official language English)
- Brunei
- Singapore (with English, Chinese and Tamil)[21]
- Indonesia (a standardized local dialect of Malay, but treated as the separate language in Indonesia)[45]
- see Manding
- Guinea (a national language along with Fula, Kissi, Kpelle, Susu, Toma, Oniyan, Wamey, the official language is French)
- Malta (with English)
- Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
- see Manding
- Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
- Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
- Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
- Isle of Man (with English)
- New Zealand (with English and New Zealand Sign Language)
- Marshall Islands (with English)
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
- Moldova (identical to Romanian; defined as Moldovan in the Moldovan constitution)[49]
- Transnistria (Cyrillic alphabet is used; with Russian and Ukrainian; independence is disputed)[50]
- Burkina Faso (a national language along with Dioula, Fula and other languages, the official language is French)
N
- Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, Khoisan, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)[22]
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Ndau:
- Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, Khoisan, Nambya, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)[22]
Ndebele (Northern):
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)[1]
- Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, Khoisan, Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)[22]
Ndebele (Southern):
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)[1]
- New Zealand (with English and Māori)
Noon:
- Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)[1]
- Norway (two official written forms - Bokmål and Nynorsk)
- Ghana (a government-sponsored language along with Akan (Akuapem Twi, Ashante Twi, Fante), Ewe-Gbe, Dagaare, Dagbani, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, the official language is English)
O
- Guinea (a national language along with Fula, Kissi, Kpelle, Malinke, Susu, Toma, Wamey, the official language is French)
- South Ossetia (with Russian and Georgian; independence is disputed)[38]
P
- Afghanistan (with Dari in Afghanistan)[24]
- Iran
- Afghanistan (called Dari in Afghanistan; with Pashto)[24]
- Tajikistan (called Tajiki in Tajikistan; with Russian for "inter-ethnic communication")[51]
- Angola (the official language, along with national languages Chokwe, Kimbundu, Kikongo, Kwanyama, Ganguela, Umbundu)
- Brazil
- Cape Verde
- East Timor (with Tetum)
- Equatorial Guinea (with Spanish and French)
- Guinea-Bissau
- Macau (with Cantonese)
- Mozambique
- Portugal
- São Tomé and Príncipe
Q
- Bolivia (with Spanish, Aymara, Guaraní and 33 other languages)[10]
- Peru (with Spanish and Aymara)[11]
R
- Romania
- Moldova (officially called Moldovan, although identical to Romanian according to the law of Moldova)[49]
- Russia (in some regions together with regional languages)[52]
- Abkhazia (with Abkhaz according to the Abkhazian constitution;[53] independence is disputed)
- Belarus (with Belarusian)[13]
- Kazakhstan (with Kazakh)[46]
- Kyrgyzstan (with Kyrgyz)[48]
- South Ossetia (with Ossetian and Georgian; independence is disputed)[38]
- Tajikistan ("inter-ethnic communication"; with Tajik)[51]
- Transnistria (with Moldovan and Ukrainian; independence is disputed)[50]
S
- Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
Sena:
- Zimbabwe as Chirbawe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Kalanga, Khoisan, Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)[22]
- Serbia
- Montenegro
- Bosnia and Herzegovina (with Bosnian, Croatian) (de facto)[17]
- Kosovo (independence is disputed; with Albanian)
- Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)
- Seychelles (with French and English)
- Zimbabwe (with English, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, Khoisan, Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)[22]
- Djibouti (with Arabic, French, Afar)
- Somalia (with Arabic)
- Somaliland (with Arabic and English; independence is disputed)
- Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
- Niger (with French, Arabic, Buduma, Fula, Gourmanché, Hausa, Kanuri, Tamasheq, Tasawaq, Tebu)[7]
- Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
- Mauritania (a national language along with Fula, Wolof, the official language is Arabic)
- Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Wolof, the official language is French)
- Lesotho (with English)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)[1]
- Argentina
- Bolivia (with Aymara, Quechua, Guaraní, and 33 other languages)[10]
- Chile
- Easter Island (with Rapa Nui)
- Colombia
- Costa Rica
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador (de facto)
- El Salvador
- Equatorial Guinea (with French and Portuguese)
- Guatemala
- Honduras
- Mexico (de facto)
- Nicaragua
- Panama
- Paraguay (with Guaraní)[40]
- Peru (with Aymara, Quechua and other languages)[11]
- Puerto Rico (with English)
- Spain[55] (Aranese, Basque, Catalan, and Galician are co-official in some regions)
- United States (in the US territory of Puerto Rico)
- Uruguay (de facto)
- Venezuela
- Western Sahara (with Arabic)
Susu:
- Guinea (a national language along with Fula, Kissi, Kpelle, Malinke, Toma, Oniyan, Wamey, the official language is French)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (a national language along with Kikongo, Lingala and Tshiluba, the official language is French)[33]
- Kenya (with English)[56]
- Tanzania (de facto; with English)
- Uganda (since 2005; with English)
- Swaziland (with English)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)[1]
- Sweden
- Finland (with Finnish)
- Åland Islands (monolingually Swedish) (an autonomous province under Finnish sovereignty)
- Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Tamasheq, the official language is French)
T
- Tajikistan (a variant of Persian written in Cyrillic)[51]
- see Filipino
- Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, the official language is French)
- Niger (with French, Arabic, Buduma, Fula, Gourmanché, Hausa, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tasawaq, Tebu)[7]
- India (with 21 other languages, and with English as a link language)
- Singapore (with English, Chinese and Malay)[21]
- Sri Lanka (with Sinhala, and with English as a link language)
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
- Niger (with French, Arabic, Buduma, Fula, Gourmanché, Hausa, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tebu)[7]
Tebu:
- Niger (with French, Arabic, Buduma, Fula, Gourmanché, Hausa, Kanuri, Songhay-Zarma, Tamasheq, Tasawaq)[7]
- India (with 21 other regional Languages, and with Englishas a link language)
- East Timor (with Portuguese)
Thai:
- Papua New Guinea (with English and Hiri Motu)
Toma:
- Guinea (a national language along with Fula, Kissi, Kpelle, Malinke, Susu, Oniyan, Wamey, the official language is French)
- Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, Khoisan, Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)[22]
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (a national language along with Kikongo, Lingala and Swahili, the official language is French)[33]
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)[1]
- Botswana (with English)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)[1]
- Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, Khoisan, Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Venda, Xhosa)[22]
- Turkey
- Cyprus (with Greek)[39]
- Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (independence disputed)
U
- Ukraine
- Transnistria (with Moldovan and Russian; independence is disputed)[50]
- Angola (a national language along with Chokwe, Kimbundu, Kikongo, Kwanyama, Ganguela, the official language is Portuguese)
Urdu:
- Pakistan (with English)
- Fiji (with English and Bau Fijian; known constitutionally as Hindustani as an umbrella term to cover Urdu, as well as Hindi.)
V
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Xhosa, Zulu)[1]
- Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, Khoisan, Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Xhosa)[22]
W
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
- Guinea (a national language along with Fula, Kissi, Kpelle, Malinke, Susu, Toma, Oniyan, the official language is French)
- United Kingdom
- Mauritania (a national language along with Fula, Soninke, the official language is Arabic)
- Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Mankanya, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, the official language is French)
X
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Zulu)[1]
- Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, Khoisan, Nambya, Ndau, Zimbabwean sign language, Tonga, Tswana, Venda)[22]
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Y
Yobe:
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
Yom:
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)
- Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Xwela-Gbe, Yom, the official languages is French)
- Nigeria (with English, Hausa and Igbo)[41]
Z
- Zimbabwe (with English, Shona, Ndebele, Chewa, Chirbawe, Kalanga, Khoisan, Nambya, Ndau, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)[22]
Zulu:
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa)[1]
Number of countries with the same official language
This is a ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they are de jure or de facto official (or with a national language status).
- Note
- Asterisk shows the countries which independence is disputed
Official regional and minority languages
- Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Cherkess, Karachay, Nogai and Russian)[57]
- Visayas (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Waray)[60]
- Montenegro (with Montenegrin, Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian)
- Altay, Republic of (state language; with Russian)[61]
- Philippines (mainly in Mindanao)
Aranese see Occitan
- India (with Hindi, English {as a "subsidiary official language"} and 20 other official languages)
Avar:
- Kabardino-Balkaria (state language; with Kabardian and Russian)[62]
- Bashkortostan (state language; with Russian)[63]
- Basque Autonomous Community (with Spanish)
- Navarre (in some areas with Spanish)
- India (as a "subsidiary official language"} and 20 other official languages; second most spoken Indian Language)
- Luzon and Visayas (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Kinaray-a, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Waray)[60]
- part of Serbia
- Sandžak region
- Montenegro (with Montenegrin, Albanian, Croatian and Serbian)
- Buryatia (state language; with Russian)[64]
- Zabaykalsky Krai
- Agin-Buryat Okrug (authorized language)[65]
- Hong Kong (for Chinese language, Cantonese is spoken de facto; co-official with English)
- Macau (for Chinese language, Cantonese is spoken de facto; co-official with Portuguese)
- parts of China
- Canton Province (with Mandarin)
- parts of Spain
- Balearic Islands (with Spanish)
- Catalonia (with Spanish)
- Valencia (named as Valencian, with Spanish)
- parts of France
- parts of Italy
- Luzon and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)[60]
- Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan)[60]
- Chechnya (state language; with Russian)[66]
- Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[59]
- Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Abaza, Karachay, Nogai and Russian)[57]
- Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area in Oklahoma, United States.[67]
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
Cree:
- Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Crimea (with Russian and Ukrainian)
- part of Austria
- Burgenland (with German and Hungarian)*part of Italy
- Molise
- part of Serbia
- Montenegro (with Montenegrin, Albanian, Bosnian and Serbian)
- The Nord-Pas-de-Calais (France) (French Flemish dialect with French, English for some part of the region)
English:
- parts of Canada:
- Alberta
- British Columbia
- Manitoba (with French)
- Newfoundland and Labrador
- Nova Scotia
- Ontario
- Prince Edward Island
- Saskatchewan
- New Brunswick (with French)
- Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, Cree, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, Slavey (North and South) and Tłįchǫ)
- Nunavut (with Inuktitut, Inuinnaqtun, and French)
- Yukon (with French)
- The United Kingdom:
- England
- Northern Ireland
- Scotland
- Wales
- Isle of Man (with Manx Gaelic)
- Guernsey (with French)
- Jersey (with French)
- parts of the United States. See English-only movement. English is an official language in the following states and territories:
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii (with Hawaiian language)
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kentucky
- Massachusetts
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Montana
- Nebraska
- New Hampshire
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Puerto Rico (with Spanish)
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Texas
- Tennessee
- U.S. Virgin Islands
- Utah
- Virginia
- West Virginia
- Wyoming
Even:
- Faroe Islands (with Danish)
- parts of Canada
- New Brunswick (co-official with English)
- Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, Cree, English, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, Slavey (North and South) and Tłįchǫ)
- Nunavut (with English, Inuinnaqtun, Inuktitut)
- Quebec
- Yukon (with English)
- Guernsey (with English)
- Jersey (with English)
- Puducherry (co-official with Tamil in the Union Territory of Puducherry. Also Telugu and Malayalam are its regional official languages)
- part of Italy
- Aosta (co-official with Italian)
- part of United States with Louisiana
- The Netherlands: co-official in the province of Friesland (with Dutch)
- part of Spain
- Galicia (with Spanish)
- Italy
- South Tyrol (together with Italian and Ladin)
- parts of south Albania
- parts of south Italy
- in Argentina
- Corrientes Province (co-official with Spanish)
- India (with 21 other regional languages)
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Hawaii (with English)
- Visayas and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)[60]
- India (with 21 other regional languages)
- part of Serbia
- Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Romanian, Slovak and Ruthenian)
- part of Romania
- part of Slovenia
- part of Croatia
- part of Slovakia
- part of Austria
- Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Sambal, and Tagalog)[60]
- Luzon and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Maguindanao, Maranao, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan.)[60]
- Ingushetia (state language; with Russian)[72]
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuktitut)
- Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuinnaqtun)
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- Northern Ireland (United Kingdom) (along with Ulster Scots and English)
- part of Croatia
- Istria county (with Croatian)
- part of Slovenia
- Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ibanag, Ilocano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Sambal, and Tagalog)[60]
- Kabardino-Balkaria (state language; with Balkar and Russian)[62]
- India (with 21 other regional languages)
- Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ilocano, Ibanag, Ivatan, Pangasinan, Sambal, and Tagalog)[60]
- Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Abaza, Cherkess, Nogai and Russian)[57]
- India (with 21 other regional languages)
- Republic of Altay (official language; in localities with Kazakh population)[74]
- part of the People's Republic of China
- part of Mongolia
- Mori, with Mongolian
- Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Mansi and Nenets)[76]
- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Nenets and Selkup)[77]
- Visayas (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Waray)[60]
Komi:
- Perm Krai
- Komi-Permyak Okrug (official language)[79]
- part of the People's Republic of China with Chinese (Mandarin)
- part of the People's Republic of China
- Kizilsu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Lak:
Macedonian:*part of Albania
- part of Serbia
- Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan)[60]
- India (with 21 other regional languages)
- Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Khanty and Nenets)[76]
- Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan)[60]
- India (with 21 other regional languages)
Mari (Hill and Meadow):
- Mexico (*only recognized)
- Guatemala (*only recognized)
- Belize (*only recognized)
- Honduras (*only recognized)
- El Salvador (*only recognized)
- part of the People's Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Haixi, with Tibetan and Chinese (Mandarin)
- Bortala, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Bayin'gholin, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Dorbod, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Qian Gorlos, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Harqin Left, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Fuxin, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Weichang, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Subei, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Henan, with Chinese (Mandarin)
- Mexico (*only recognized)
- El Salvador (*only recognized)
- Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Khanty and Mansi)[76]
- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Khanty and Selkup)[77]
- India (with 21 other regional languages)
- Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[59]
- Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Abaza, Cherkess, Karachay and Russian)[57]
- Catalonia, with Catalan and Spanish)
Odia:
- India (with 21 other regional languages)
Ossetic (Digor and Iron dialects):
- North Ossetia—Alania (state language; with Russian)[81]
- Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Sambal, and Tagalog)[60]
Portuguese:*part of the People's Republic of China
- Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak and Ruthenian)
Russian. Russian is fixed as a state language in the Constitutions of the republics of the Russian Federation:
- Adygea (state language; with Adyghe)[58]
- Altay, Republic of (state language; with Altay)[61]
- Bashkortostan (state language; with Bashkir)[63]
- Buryatia (state language; with Buryat)[64]
- Chechnya (state language; with Chechen)[66]
- Chuvashia (state language; with Chuvash)[69]
- Dagestan (state language; with the languages of the Dagestan peoples)[59]
- Ingushetia (state language; with Ingush)[72]
- Kabardino-Balkaria (state language; with Balkar and Kabardian)[62]
- Kalmykia (state language; with Kalmyk)[73]
- Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Abaza, Cherkess, Karachay and Nogai)[57]
- Karelia (state language)[82]
- Khakassia (state language; with Khakas)[75]
- Komi (state language; with Komi)[78]
- Mari El (state language; with Mari (Hill and Meadow))[80]
- Mordovia (state language; with Erzya and Moksha)[70]
- North Ossetia—Alania (state language; with Ossetic)[81]
- Sakha (state language; with Sakha)[83]
- Tatarstan (state language; with Tatar)[84]
- Tyva (state language; with Tuvan)[85]
- Udmurtia (state language; with Udmurt)[86]
- Russian (with Gagauz) is an official language of Gagauzia (autonomous republic within Moldova)
- Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak)
- Ukraine
- Zakarapts'ka region (with Ukrainian, Hungarian)
- Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, and Tagalog)[60]
Sami:
- Finland (in four municipalities)
- Norway (in six municipalities in two provinces)
- Sweden (in four municipalities and surrounding municipalities)
- India (with 21 other regional languages)
- part of the People's Republic of China (It's different from Tajiki of Tajikistan)
- Taxkorgan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Scotland (United Kingdom) (with English and Scots)
- Scotland (United Kingdom) (with English and Scottish Gaelic)
- Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)
- Donegal (Republic of Ireland)
- Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Khanty and Nenets)[77]
- Croatia-Co-official minority language in municipalities: Borovo,[87] Trpinja,[87] Markušica,[87] Negoslavci,[87] Vukovar,[88] Šodolovci,[87] Erdut,[88] Darda,[89] Jagodnjak,[87] Kneževi Vinogradi,[89] Dvor,[87] Gvozd,[87] Biskupija,[88] Ervenik,[88] Kistanje,[88] Gračac,[88] Udbina,[88] Vrbovsko,[88] Donji Kukuruzari[88] and Nijemci.[89]
- India (with 21 other regional languages)
- Pakistan (Official language in the Province of Sindh along with Urdu and English)
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
- part of Italy
- Friuli-Venezia Giulia (with Italian, Friulian and German)
- part of Austria
- Puerto Rico (with English)
- Philippines (mainly as Chavacano in Mindanao)
- El Cenizo, Texas[90]
- Visayas and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)[60]
- Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)[60]
- French Polynesia (with French)
Tat:
- Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Maranao, and Yakan)[60]
- India (with 21 other regional languages)
- Tibet Autonomous Region (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Aba (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Garzê (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Diqing (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Wenshan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Gannan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Haibai (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Hainan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Huangnan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Golog (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Gyêgu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Haixi (with Mongolian and Chinese (Mandarin))
- Muli (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Tianzhu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
- Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, and South Slavey)
- South Africa (with Afrikaans, English, Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Sotho, Swati, Tsonga, Venda, Xhosa, Zulu)
Urdu:
- India (with 21 other regional languages)
- Jammu and Kashmir
- Delhi Territory
- Uttar Pradesh state
- Bihar state
- Andhra Pradesh mainly in Hyderabad (former princely state of Nizam) and adjacent areas of Maharashtra and Karnataka
- Xinjiang (with Chinese (Mandarin))
Veps:
- Guangxi Province, China (some regional status)
- Part of Cambodia
- Part of Laos
- Visayas (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Kinaray-a, and Tagalog)[60]
- Wales (United Kingdom) (with English)
- Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Tausug)[60]
- Russia (only in Jewish Autonomous Oblast, with Russian)
See also
- List of official languages by institution
- List of official languages by state
- List of languages without official status
- National language
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Section 6. Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996
- ↑ Article 14. Albanian Constitution
- ↑ Article 5. Kosovo Constitution
- ↑ Article 5. Ethiopian Constitution
- 1 2 Article 4. Constitution of Iraq
- 1 2 Article 5. Constitution du Maroc
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Loi n° 2001-037 du 31 décembre 2001 fixant les modalités de promotion et de développement des langues nationales
- ↑ Article 12. Constitution of Armenia
- ↑ Article 15. Constitution of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic
- 1 2 3 4 Artículo 5. Constitución Política del Estado
- 1 2 3 Artículo 48. Constitución Política del Perú
- ↑ Article 21. Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan
- 1 2 Article 17. Constitution of the Republic of Belarus
- ↑ 3. The state language. Constitution of Bangladesh
- ↑ Loi no02-03 du 27 Moharram 1423 correspondant au 10 avril 2002 portant révision constitutionnelle.
- 1 2 3 Article 3. Constitution of the Republic of Vanuatu
- 1 2 3 Hilary Footitt; Michael Kelly (2012). Languages at War: Policies and Practices of Language Contacts in Conflict. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-230-36877-4.
- ↑ Article 3. Constitution of the Republic of Bulgaria
- ↑ Article 450. Constitution of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
- ↑ Article 2. La Constitució del Principat d’Andorra
- 1 2 3 4 Articles 44, 53, 123. Constitution of the Republic of Singapore
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Constitution of Zimbabwe 2013, Africatime.com, 22 March 2013
- ↑ Article 12. Constitution of the Republic of Croatia
- 1 2 3 Article 16. Constitution of Afghanistan
- ↑ Article 11. Constitution of the Republic of Maldives
- ↑ Article 1. Constitution of the Kingdom of Bhutan
- 1 2 3 Section 4. Fiji Constitution
- 1 2 "Article 8. Constitution of Ireland 1937" (PDF). p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 October 2012.
- ↑ Article 152 - National Language and Other Languages, Constitution of Malaysia
- 1 2 Article 49. Constitution of Mauritius
- ↑ Namibia - Constitution, servat.unibe.ch/icl (International Constitutional Law collection), 1990, retrieved 2008-05-02 (Article 3)
- 1 2 Article 18. Constitution de la République Centrafricaine
- 1 2 3 4 5 Article 1. Constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- 1 2 3 Article 5. Constitution de la République du Congo
- 1 2 Article 5. La Constitution de la République d’Haïti
- 1 2 3 4 Article 4. Constitution fédérale de la Confédération Suisse
- 1 2 Article 8. Constitution of Georgia
- 1 2 3 (Russian) Статья 4. Конституция Республики Южная Осетия
- 1 2 App. D., Part 1, Art. 3. Constitution of Cyprus
- 1 2 Artículo 140. Constituciones de la República del Paraguay
- 1 2 3 Article 55. Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
- ↑ "Axis Translations". Axis Translations. Retrieved 2015-03-03.
- ↑ Part XVII. Constitution of India
- ↑ Article H. Fundamental Law of Hungary
- 1 2 Article 36. Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia
- 1 2 Article 7. Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan
- ↑ Article 5. Constitution of the Kingdom of Cambodia
- 1 2 (Russian) Статья 10. Конституция Кыргызской Республики
- 1 2 Article 13. Constitution of the Republic of Moldova
- 1 2 3 Article 12. Constitution of the Pridnestrovskaia Moldavskaia Respublica
- 1 2 3 Article 2. Constitution of Tajikistan
- ↑ Article 68. Constitution of the Russian Federation
- ↑ (Russian) Статья 6. Конституция Республики Абхазия
- ↑ Slovak language is defined as official language together with Czech language by several laws - e.g. law 500/2004, 337/1992. Source: http://portal.gov.cz. Cited: "Například Správní řád (zákon č. 500/2004 Sb.) stanovuje: "V řízení se jedná a písemnosti se vyhotovují v českém jazyce. Účastníci řízení mohou jednat a písemnosti mohou být předkládány i v jazyce slovenském..." (§16, odstavec 1). Zákon o správě daní a poplatků (337/1992 Sb.) „Úřední jazyk: Před správcem daně se jedná v jazyce českém nebo slovenském. Veškerá písemná podání se předkládají v češtině nebo slovenštině..." (§ 3, odstavec 1). http://portal.gov.cz
- ↑ Section 3. Spanish Constitution
- ↑ Article 7. The Constitution of Kenya (2010)
- 1 2 3 4 5 Article 11 of the Constitution of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic
- 1 2 Article 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Adygea
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Article 11 of the Constitution of the Republic of Dagestan
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 DepEd adds 7 languages to mother tongue-based education for Kinder to Grade 3. GMA News. July 13, 2013.
- 1 2 Article 13 of the Constitution of the Republic of Altay
- 1 2 3 Article 76 of the Constitution of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic
- 1 2 Article 1 of the Constitution of the Republic of Bashkortostan
- 1 2 Article 67 of the Constitution of the Republic of Buryatia
- ↑ Article 108 of the Statute of the Zabaykalsky Krai
- 1 2 Article 10 of the Constitution of the Chechen Republic
- ↑ "The Cherokee Nation & its Language" (PDF). University of Minnesota: Center for Advanced Research on Language Acquisition. 2008. Retrieved 2014-05-22.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Article 6 of the Law of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) On languages in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
- 1 2 Article 8 of the Constitution of the Chuvash Republic
- 1 2 3 Article 12 of the Constitution of the Republic of Mordovia
- 1 2 3 Law of the Republic of Karelia On state support of Karelian, Veps and Finnish languages in the Republic of Karelia
- 1 2 Article 14 of the Constitution of the Republic of Ingushetia
- 1 2 Article 17 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kalmykia
- ↑ Article 4 of the Law of the Republic of Altay On languages
- 1 2 Article 69 of the Constitution of the Republic of Khakassia
- 1 2 3 Law of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug On the languages of the aboriginal minorities of the North living within the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug
- 1 2 3 Law of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug On native languages of the aboriginal minorities of the North within the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
- 1 2 Article 67 of the Constitution of the Republic of Komi
- ↑ Article 42 of the Statute of the Perm Krai
- 1 2 Article 15 of the Constitution of the Republic of Mari El
- 1 2 Article 15 of the Constitution of the Republic of North Ossetia—Alania
- ↑ Article 11 of the Constitution of the Republic of Karelia
- 1 2 Article 46 of the Constitution of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
- 1 2 Article 8 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan
- 1 2 Article 5 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tyva
- 1 2 Article 8 of the Constitution of the Udmurt Republic
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Treće izvješće Republike Hrvatske o primjeni Europske povelje o regionalnim ili manjinskim jezicima" (PDF). Government of Croatia. August 2006. Retrieved 2014-03-30.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Government of Croatia. "NAPUTAK ZA DOSLJEDNU PROVEDBU ZAKONA O UPORABI JEZIKA I PISMA NACIONALNIH MANJINA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ". Narodne novine. Retrieved 2014-03-30.
- 1 2 3 "Registar Geografskih Imena Nacionalnih Manjina Republike Hrvatske" (PDF). Retrieved 2014-03-30.
- ↑ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/02/english-official-language-border-bilingual_n_1249307.html