List of people from Harlem

This is a list of people from Harlem in New York City.

The early period (pre-1920)

• John James Audubon – naturalist^[1]
• Frederic Alexander Birmingham – editor of Esquire magazine from 1945 to 1957, grew up in Harlem^[2]
• Richard Croker – Tammany Hall politician,^[3] lived at 26 Mount Morris Park West^[4]
• James Reese Europe – musician, credited with inventing jazz; 67 West 133rd Street^[1][5]
• Thomas Gilroy – New York mayor^[4]
• Alexander Hamilton – politician; lived in Harlem at the end of his life
• Hubert Harrison – "The Father of Harlem Radicalism"
• Scott Joplin – pianist and composer; lived at 133 West 138th Street in 1916, then at 163 West 131st Street until his death in 1917; had a studio at 160 West 133rd Street^[6]
• Alfred Henry Lewis – cowboy author^[7]
• Vincent James McMahon – founder of the World Wide Wrestling Federation
• Paul Meltsner – WPA era painter and muralist; grew up in Harlem
• Thomas Nast – artist^[1]
• Philip A. Payton, Jr. – real estate entrepreneur; lived at 13 West 131st Street^[8]
• Norman Rockwell – lived as a child at 789 St. Nicholas Avenue^[9]
• Norman Thomas – radical activist^[10]
• Daniel Tiemann – New York mayor^[11]
• Robert Van Wyck – New York mayor^[4]
• Cornelius Van Wyck Lawrence – New York mayor^[11]

Jewish, Italian, Irish Harlem (circa 1900–30)

Moe Berg

• Sholem Aleichem – writer, 110 Lenox Avenue^[12]
• Moe Berg – Major League Baseball catcher; spy
• Milton Berle – comedian and actor, born in a five-story walkup at 68 West 118th Street^[13]
• Fanny Brice – actress, houses at West 128th Street and West 118th Street^[14]
• Art Buchwald – writer^[10]
• Bennett Cerf – publisher,^[15] was born on May 25, 1898, at 68 West 118th Street,^[16] the same address as Milton Berle's
• Morris Raphael Cohen – philosopher, 498 West 135th Street^[17]
• Milt Gabler – record producer, responsible for many innovations in the recording industry of the 20th century^[18]
• Don Giosuele Galluci – gangster, 318 East 109th Street^[17]
• George and Ira Gershwin - composers, grew up in Harlem; lived at 108 West 111th and other addresses.^[19] George wrote his first hit song, "Swanee", at his home at 520 W. 144 Street in 1919.^[9] The pair were living at 501 Cathedral Parkway in 1924, and it was in this apartment that George wrote "Rhapsody in Blue."^[20]
• Oscar Hammerstein I – inventor and theatrical entrepreneur; lived at 333 Edgecombe Avenue^[9]
• Oscar Hammerstein II – writer and theatrical producer, addresses on East 116th Street and 112th Street^[21]
• Lorenz Hart – lyricist half of the Broadway songwriting team Rodgers and Hart, 59 West 119th Street^[22]
• Harry Houdini – magician; lived at 278 West 113th Street from 1904 until his death in 1926^[23]
• Frank Hussey – Olympian, 129th Street^[24]
• Burt Lancaster – Oscar-winning actor and producer^[10]
• Solomon Libin – writer in Yiddish^[12]
• Seymour Martin Lipset – political sociologist, senior fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University, and Hazel Professor of Public Policy at George Mason University^[25]
• Ignazio Lupo – counterfeiter, gangster^[26]
• Marx Brothers – comedians, 239 East 114th Street^[13]
• Arthur Miller – playwright, 45 West 110th Street^[27][28]
• Giuseppe Morello – gangster, 323 East 107th Street^[26]
• Belle Moskowitz – political advisor to New York Governor and 1928 presidential candidate Al Smith^[29]
• Al Pacino – Academy Award-winning actor
• Charlie Pilkington – three-time New York champion boxer; East 102nd Street
• Ed Sullivan – Broadway & Sports columnist, host of the long-running televised Sunday evening variety show; East 114th Street
• David Rappaport – fashion manufacturer, designer and painter^[30]
• Moses Reicherson – linguist, East 106th Street^[31]
• Richard Rogers – composer, 3 West 120th Street^[1][15]
• Yossele Rosenblatt – celebrated cantor^[32]
• Henry Roth – writer, 108 East 119th Street^[12]
• Jessie Sampter – poet^[24]
• John Sanford, born Julian Lawrence Shapiro – screenwriter and author who wrote 24 books^[33]
• Pasquarelli Spinelli – gangster, 318 East 109th Street^[17]
• Arthur Sulzberger – publisher of the New York Times ^[32]
• Henrietta Szold – founder of Hadassah^[24]
• Vincent and Ciro Terranova – gangsters, 352 East 116th Street^[34]

The Harlem Renaissance and World War II (1920–1945)

409 Edgecombe Avenue

• Louis Armstrong – bandleader and trumpet player^[35]
• Count Basie – bandleader and pianist; lived at 555 Edgecombe Avenue^[36][37]
• George Wilson Becton – religious cult leader^[38]
• Julius Bledsoe – singer; lived at 409 Edgecombe Avenue^[37]
• Arna Bontemps – writer
• William Stanley Braithwaite – poet and essayist; lived at 409 Edgecombe Avenue^[37]
• Charles David Brooks, III – actor, director and professor of theatre; Harlem Hospital; lived at 53 Lenox Avenue
• Eunice Carter – New York state judge; lived at 409 Edgecombe Avenue^[37]
• John Henrik Clarke – editor of Freedomways Magazine and of several books; professor; moved to Harlem in 1933^[39]
• Collyer brothers – compulsive hoarders; lived in a townhouse at 128th Street and Fifth Avenue in Harlem their entire adult lives
• Countee Cullen – poet^[35]
• Lillian Harris Dean – entrepreneur known as "Pigfoot Mary"
• Aaron Douglas – painter; lived at 409 Edgecombe Avenue^[37][39]
• W. E. B. Du Bois – activist, writer; lived at 409 Edgecombe^[36][37]
• Duke Ellington – composer, pianist and bandleader; lived on Riverside Drive and at 555 Edgecombe^[36][40]
• Father Divine – religious leader,^[40] lived in several locations in Harlem, including on Astor Row, and maintained offices at 20 West 115th Street^[41]
• Rudolph Fisher – writer^[39]
• Marcus Garvey – political figure, black separatist. Home at 235 West 131st Street^[42]
• Billy Higgins (1888–1937), stage comedian, songwriter, and singer
• Charles Manuel "Sweet Daddy" Grace – evangelist, born in Cape Verde Islands but became prominent in Harlem in the 1920s^[40]
• Lionel Hampton – jazz musician; lived in Harlem through World War II and for some years thereafter^[39]
• Hubert Harrison – "The Father of Harlem Radicalism"
• Leonard Harper (producer) Harlem Renaissance Floorshow Stager and Colored Musical Comedy Director
• Coleman Hawkins – musician, saxophone player; lived at 555 Edgecombe Avenue^[43]
• Johnnie Hodges – musician; lived at 555 Edgecombe^[36]
• Billie Holiday – singer; lived with her mother at 108 West 139th Street^[44]
• Casper Holstein – gangster
• Lena Horne – singer and actress; lived at 555 Edgecombe Avenue^[43]
• Langston Hughes – writer^[45]
• Zora Neale Hurston – writer^[45]
• Bumpy Johnson – gangster; lived in Lenox Terrace at 132nd Street and Lenox Avenue near the end of his life^[46]
• James P. Johnson – pianist
• James Weldon Johnson – author, activist, composer; lived at 187 West 135th Street^[36]
• Donald Jones – actor and dancer born in Harlem but moved to the Netherlands
• Fiorello La Guardia – New York mayor, from East Harlem
• Cora La Redd – dancer^[35]
• Alain Locke – editor^[35]
• Joe Louis – boxer; lived at 555 Edgecombe Avenue^[43]
• Claude McKay – poet and novelist; born in Jamaica but moved to Harlem and wrote the famous novel Home to Harlem, West 131st Street^[47]
• Florence Mills – entertainer
• Adam Clayton Powell, Sr. – religious, civic leader^[40]
• A. Philip Randolph – activist, labor organizer
• Paul Robeson – singer and actor; lived at 555 Edgecombe Avenue^[36][37]
• Bill "Bojangles" Robinson – dancer; lived on Strivers' Row^[36]
• James Herman Robinson – pastor of the Church of the Master on 122nd Street, founder of Operation Crossroads Africa, a forerunner of the Peace Corps
• Stephanie St. Clair – criminal leader; lived at 409 Edgecombe Avenue^[48]
• Willie "The Lion" Smith – pianist
• Wallace Thurman – writer^[35]
• Judge Charles E. Toney - first African-American elected judge in New York City (1930); lived at 409 Edgecombe Avenue
• Jean Toomer – writer^[39]
• James Van Der Zee – photographer^[40]
• Madam C.J. Walker – philanthropist and tycoon
• A'Lelia Walker – socialite and businesswoman
• Fats Waller – pianist, born at 107 West 134th Street^[49]
• Ethel Waters – singer, actress; born in Chester, Pennsylvania
• Walter Francis White – civil rights leader^[50]
• Bert Williams – vaudeville performer; born in Antigua; died in 1922, near the start of the Harlem Renaissance
• Mary Lou Williams – pianist; lived at 63 Hamilton Terrace^[44]

Famous after World War II

• Miles Aiken, basketball player
• Fiona Apple - singer-songwriter and pianist, raised in Morningside Gardens^[51]
• James Baldwin – novelist; lived at 131st Street and Adam Clayton Powell Blvd. (then called "Seventh Avenue")^[52]
• Amiri Baraka, born LeRoi Jones – dancer, poet, activist
• Romare Bearden – artist, primarily working in collage
• Harry Belafonte – calypso musician
• Claude Brown – novelist, wrote Manchild in the Promised Land
• Ron Brown – U.S. Secretary of Commerce, grew up in the Hotel Theresa^[53]
• Kareem Campbell – pro skateboarder
• George Carlin – comedian; 121st Street between Amsterdam and Broadway^[54]
• Jimmy Castor – R&B/funk bandleader
• Chevy Chase – comedian, raised in East Harlem^[55]
• Dr. Kenneth Clark – psychologist and activist; lived at 555 Edgecombe Avenue^[37]
• Evelyn Cunningham – civil-rights-era journalist and aide to Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller of New York^[56]
• Jules Dassin – film director^[1]
• Benjamin J. Davis – New York city councilman, ultimately sent to jail for violations of the Smith Act^[39]
• Ossie Davis – actor and director; lived in Harlem in the late 1930s and mid-1940s
• Sammy Davis, Jr. – entertainer, actor, member of Rat Pack, born in Harlem Hospital in 1925^[57]
• Roy DeCarava – photographer, born in Harlem in 1919^[58]
• Wanda De Jesus - actress
• David Dinkins – Mayor of New York; lived in the Riverton Houses^[59]
• Ralph Ellison – novelist, wrote Invisible Man, about a man who moves from the deep south to Harlem; lived at 730 Riverside Drive in Harlem^[60]
• Erik Estrada – actor, from East Harlem
• Jack Geiger – physician, co-founder of Physicians for Social Responsibility; lived with Canada Lee for a year at 555 Edgecombe Avenue^[61]
• Herbert Gentry – abstract expressionist painter, lived at 126th street and Amsterdam Avenue, 1940s
• Althea Gibson – professional tennis player; lived at 115 West 143rd Street^[36]
• Oscar Hammerstein II – writer and theatrical producer^[1]
• W. C. Handy – composer and bandleader; lived on Strivers' Row in Harlem towards the end of his life^[36]
• Benny Harris – musician, trumpet^[62]
• Lorenz Hart – lyricist^[1]
• Johnny Hartman – vocalist; born in Louisiana, grew up in Chicago, moved to Harlem's Sugar Hill in 1950s
• Evan Hunter, aka Ed McBain – author, grew up in East Harlem^[63]
• Roy Innis – head of the Congress of Racial Equality; lived in Harlem but ultimately moved to Brooklyn. "Forget Harlem. Brooklyn is now the world's black capital."^[64]
• June Jordan – Caribbean American poet, novelist, journalist, biographer, dramatist, teacher
• JTG – WWE wrestler
• Charles Kenyatta – activist, pastor, bodyguard and confidant of Malcolm X^[40]
• Ben E. King – soul singer and former lead tenor of The Drifters, best known for the song, "Stand By Me"
• Canada Lee – actor; lived at 555 Edgecombe Avenue^[61]
• Frank Lucas – drug dealer
• Frankie Lymon – lead tenor of The Teenagers, best known for the song "Why Do Fools Fall in Love?"
• Malcolm X – preacher, revolutionary
• Earl Manigault – basketball player
• Thurgood Marshall – Supreme Court justice; lived at 409 Edgecombe Avenue^[36][37]
• Carl McCall – New York State senator, and Comptroller of New York State^[40]
• Jackie McLean – musician, alto saxophone^[62]* Arthur Miller – playwright, was married to Marilyn Monroe^[1]
• Hal Miller – actor (Sesame Street, Law & Order, etc.); also painter, singer, poet, lyricist, lived at 152nd Street & Macombs Place in the 1950s, born in Harlem
• Moby – musician, born in Harlem
• Alice Neel – artist; lived in East Harlem^[1]
• Eleanor Holmes Norton – head of the Commission of Human Rights for New York City, now non-voting Delegate from the District of Columbia to the United States House of Representatives. "There is something magical about Harlem."^[40]
• Elaine Parker – community organizer and activist, Chairperson of Harlem C.O.R.E. Director of the Manhattan Borough President's Office, Special Assistant to the City Council President City of NY^[65]
• Gordon Parks – film director and photographer^[40]
• Basil Paterson – New York state senator, New York City deputy mayor for labor relations, Vice-Chairman of the Democratic National Committee^[40][66]
• Fannie Pennington Harlem Civil Rights Foot Soldier
• Samuel Pierce – Ronald Reagan's Secretary of Housing and Urban Development; lived in the Riverton Houses^[59]
• Adam Clayton Powell, Jr. – politician
• Bud Powell – musician, pianist^[62]
• Tito Puente, Sr. - musician, Spanish Harlem
• Gene Anthony Ray – dancer and actor^[67]
• Isiah Robinson – president of the New York City Board of Education^[40]
• Sugar Ray Robinson – boxer, entrepreneur; moved to Harlem at age 12
• Sonny Rollins – musician, tenor saxophone^[62]
• Steve Rossi – comedian, former manager for Howard Stern^[68]
• Henry Roth – novelist^[1]
• J. D. Salinger – novelist; lived at 3681 Broadway until he was nine years old^[69]
• Hazel Scott – pianist, wife of Adam Clayton Powell, Jr., first African-American woman with her own television show.ref name="ng1977"/>
• Nina Simone – singer; lived, for a time, in Duke Ellington's old house in Harlem^[40]
• Thomas Sowell – professional economist and author
• Billy Strayhorn – jazz composer, arranger
• Percy Sutton – Borough President of Manhattan: "If I were offered a million dollars, I wouldn't leave Harlem."^[40]
• Billy Taylor – jazz pianist; lived in the Riverton Houses^[59]
• Clarice Taylor – actress on the Cosby Show
• Samuel E Vázquez – abstract expressionist painter^[70][71]
• Dinah Washington – "Queen of the Blues"; born in Alabama but became famous when she lived in Harlem^[40]
• Roy Wilkins – civil rights leader; lived at 409 Edgecombe^[36]
• Louis T. Wright – physician, chairman of the board of the NAACP^[50]
• Morrie Yohai – rabbi, inventor of Cheez Doodles^[72]

Rap, hip hop, R&B and reality

• 40 Cal – rapper
• ASAP Ferg - rapper ASAP Mob
• ASAP Rocky - rapper from Harlem (member of ASAP Mob)
• Azealia Banks – rapper, singer, lyricist
• Black Rob - rapper from Spanish Harlem
• Cam'ron – rapper (owner of Diplomat Records) (Dipset)
• Cannibal Ox – rap duo
• Charlie Clips – battle rapper
• Crash Crew – old-school rap group
• Yaya DaCosta – America's Next Top Model contestant/model
• Damon Dash – former CEO of Roc-A-Fella Records
• DJ Hollywood – VH-1 hip hop honoree; rap/hip-hop pioneer
• DJ Red Alert – DJ, hip hop pioneer
• Kool Moe Dee – old-school rapper and one-third of the Treacherous Three
• Rob Base and DJ E-Z Rock – rap duo best known for their hit "It Takes Two"
• Fatman Scoop – Grammy and MTV Award winner; radio personality; reality TV star
• The Fearless Four – pioneer rap group
• Doug E. Fresh – '80s rapper, runs a waffle house in Harlem
• Spoonie Gee – pioneer rapper
• Charles Hamilton – rapper
• Ilacoin - hip hop artist, creator of the "Pause" game
• Freddie Jackson – singer
• Jim Jones (rapper) – rapper (co-CEO of Diplomat Records) (Dipset)
• Kelis – R&B singer and songwriter
• Big L – rapper (deceased)
• Rayne Storm - rapper, producer (Digiindie)
• Puff Daddy – rapper, businessman, founder of Bad Boy Records
• Freekey Zekey – rapper (owner, CEO of 730 Dips Records)
• Immortal Technique – rapper
• Kurtis Blow – rapper
• Lil Mama – rapper; judge of America's Best Dance Crew
• Biz Markie – rapper, disc jockey owns a Waffle House
• Mase – rapper
• Jae Millz – rapper
• P-Star – rapper, singer, actress
• Ebony Haith – America's Next Top Model contestant, model
• Teddy Riley – producer, artist
• Carl Hancock Rux - writer, performer
• Sheena Sakai – America's Next Top Model contestant, model
• Isabel Sanford - actor; co-star of The Jeffersons
• Juelz Santana – rapper (owner, CEO of Skull Gang Records)
• Bre Scullark – America's Next Top Model contestant, model
• Tupac Shakur - rapper, actor, poet (deceased)
• Smoke DZA - rapper
• Dani Stevenson – singer
• Keith Sweat – singer
• Teyana Taylor – singer and rapper signed to Kanye West's G.O.O.D. Music label
• Treacherous Three – old-school rap group
• T-Rex – battle rapper (member Of Dot Mob)
• Vado – rapper (We The Best Records)
• Billy Dee Williams – actor
• JR Writer – rapper (Dipset member)
• Dave East - rapper (Mass Appeal Records)
• Q-Tip - rapper, producer (A Tribe Called Quest)

21st-century residents

• Kareem Abdul-Jabbar – basketball player, moved into a Mount Morris brownstone at 30 West 120th Street^[73] in September 2006^[74]
• Lorraine Adams – writer and journalist^[75]
• Maya Angelou – poet and author, owned a home on 120th Street in Mount Morris Park district. "I never agreed with Thomas Wolfe. I never thought you can’t go home again. I've been coming home to Harlem for 50 years."^[76]
• Angela Bassett – Emmy and Academy Award-nominated, and Golden Globe-winning actress
• Charlotte d'Amboise – actress and dancer
• Jonathan Franzen – author; lived on 125th Street when he wrote his book The Corrections^[77]
• Marcia Gay Harden – Oscar-winning actress^[45][78]
• Neil Patrick Harris – actor; lives near Morningside Park when not in Los Angeles^[79]
• Terrance Mann – actor and dancer
• Cameron Mathison – actor on All My Children and contestant on Dancing with the Stars, 136 West 130th Street^[80][81]
• S. Epatha Merkerson – actress ^[45]
• Harold "Hal" Miller – actor ("Gordon" on Sesame Street), lived on 152nd Street & Macombs Place, before going to live and work in China, India and throughout Europe
• Mandy Patinkin – actor^[45]
• Adam Clayton Powell IV – New York City Council member
• Richard Price – author and screenwriter^[75]
• Marcus Samuelsson – chef and restaurateur; lived in duplex near Frederick Douglass Boulevard^[82]
• Akhnaten Spencer-El – Olympic fencer^[83]
• Stephen Spinella – Tony Award-winning actor^[84]
• Joel Steinberg – killed his adopted daughter; moved to Harlem after his 2004 release from prison^[85]
• Alton White – hockey player
• Khalid Yasin – born in Harlem; raised in Brooklyn; teacher and lecturer of Islam

Representatives

• Inez Dickens - New York City Council
• Robert Jackson – New York City council
• David Paterson – New York State Governor
• Adam Clayton Powell IV – New York State Assembly
• Charles B. Rangel – United States House of Representatives, lives in Lenox Terrace at 132nd Street and Lenox Avenue. "I've always lived in Harlem. Never wanted to go anywhere else."^[46]
• José M. Serrano – New York State Senate
• Keith L.T. Wright – New York State Assembly

References

1. REMEMBER: Harlem by Jonathan Gill post Harlem+Bespoke, January 24, 2011.
2. Frederic Alexander Birmingham, It Was Fun While it Lasted, 1960.
3. Malcolm, Bruce Perry, Station Hill, 1991, p. 154.
4. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 127.
5. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 220.
6. "Tracing Scott Joplin's Life Through His Addresses", New York Times, Real Estate, February 4, 2007, p. 2.
7. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 128.
8. "Ephemeral New York". Ephemeral New York. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
9. "Harlem One-Stop". Retrieved October 24, 2014.
10. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 158.
11. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 87.
12. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 146.
13. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 165.
14. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 163.
15. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 137.
16. Bennett Cerf, At Random, p. 2.
17. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 151.
18. "Milt Gabler Biography". Retrieved October 24, 2014.
19. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 164.
20. plaque outside 501 Cathedral Parkway.
21. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 138.
22. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 136.
23. "The Top of the Park", New York Magazine, February 5, 2007, p. 44.
24. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 149.
25. Douglas Martin, "Seymour Martin Lipset, Sociologist, Dies at 84", New York Times, January 4, 2007.
26. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 152.
27. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 166.
28. Arthur Miller Files, at University of Michigan.
29. "Daily News". Retrieved October 24, 2014.
30. "Son wants to throw fashion designer Frances Rappaport out of Central Park South apartment". New York Post. March 18, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
31. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 147.
32. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 148.
34. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 153.
35. Langston Hughes, "My Early Days in Harlem", in John Henrik Clarke (ed.), Harlem U.S.A., 1971 edition, p. 58.
36. Manhattan African-American History and Culture Guide, Museum of the City of New York
37. Hamilton Heights – West Harlem Community Preservation Organization
38. "Four Men of Harlem – The Movers and the Shakers", in Harlem, U.S.A., John Henrik Clarke, 1971 edition, p. 251.
39. John Henrik Clarke, Harlem U.S.A, introductory essay to 1993 edition, A&B Book Publishers.
40. Frank Hercules, "To Live In Harlem", National Geographic, February 1977, p. 178+.
41. "Four Men of Harlem – The Movers and the Shakers", in Harlem, U.S.A., John Henrik Clarke, 1971 edition, p. 256.
42. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 248.
43. Jim Dwyer, "Making a Home, and a Haven for Books", New York Times, August 11, 2007.
44. Tessa Souter, "The New Heyday of Harlem", The Independent on Sunday, June 8, 1997.
45. "Star Map", New York Magazine, August 14, 2006, p. 35.
46. "Chairman of the Money", New York Magazine, January 15, 2007, p. 20.
47. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 223.
48. Katherine Butler Jones, "409 Edgecombe, Baseball, and Madame St. Clair", in The Harlem Reader, 2003.
49. Jonathan Gill, Harlem, p. 233.
50. "How Bootsie Was Born", Ollie Harrison, in Harlem U.S.A., John Henrik Clarke, ed., 1971, p. 75 (note, this is a weak source, as it is a reference in a fictional story. A better source should be found).
51. Johnson, Carolyn D. Harlem Travel Guide. p. 94.
52. James Baldwin, "A Talk to Harlem Teachers", in John Henrik Clarke (ed.), Harlem USA, 1971, p. 173.
53. Sondra Kathryn Wilson, Meet Me at the Theresa : The Story of Harlem's Most Famous Hotel, 2004.
54. Village Voice online, September 7, 2011.
55. Cindy Adams, "Bah Humbug", The New York Post, December 6, 2007.
56. Daniel Lovering, "Evelyn Cunningham, Civil Rights Reporter, Dies at 94," The New York Times, April 29, 2010.
57. plaque outside the Harlem Hospital.
58. Museum of Contemporary Photography at Columbia College Chicago. Roy DeCarava. Accessed August 4, 2009.
59. Charles V. Bagli, "In Harlem Buildings, Reminders of Easy Money and the Financial Crisis", The New York Times, June 9, 2011.
60. monument outside 730 Riverside Drive.
61. "Kindness of Strangers", This American Life, September 12, 1997.
62. William R. Dixon, "The Music of Harlem", in John Henrik Clarke (ed.), Harlem USA, 1971, p. 136.
63. Metropolis Found: New York Is Book Country 25th Anniversary Collection, 2003.
64. "City Hall Holds The Key. Harlem's renaissance finds lots of friends, and a few foes", Christian Science Monitor, March 12, 1987.
65. "Harlem CORE". Retrieved October 24, 2014.
66. "Harlem's Dreams Have Died in Last Decade, Leaders Say", New York Times, March 1, 1978. p. A1.
67. "IMDb bio for Gene Anthony Ray". IMDb. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
68. "Steve Rossi IMDB page". IMDb. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
69. Ulysses. "Harlem Bespoke". Retrieved October 24, 2014.
70. Scott Shoger, "Samuel E Vázquez: From Street To Gallery", Nuvo, July 1, 2013.
71. "Samuel E Vázquez: Graffiti Was Our Social Network" Karla D. Romero, "Humanize", No. 20, Spring 2013.
72. Dennis Hevesi, "Morrie Yohai, 90, the Man Behind Cheez Doodles, Is Dead", The New York Times, August 2, 2010.
73. Ulysses. "Harlem Bespoke". Retrieved October 24, 2014.
74. "Kareem's Harlem digs", New York Daily News, September 10, 2006.
75. Jeremy Egner, "Crime and Punishers on Streets of Harlem", The New York Times, April 4, 2012, Arts & Leisure, p. 13.
76. Louis Tutelian, "A Revised Edition", New York Times, January 5, 2007.
77. Jean Cumming, "Catching up with Harlem", TheGlobeAndMail.com Travel, October 18, 2003.
78. Jill Capuzzo, "Between Film Sets, Life on Gossamer Lake", The New York Times, September 14, 2007.
79. Ulysses. "Harlem Bespoke". Retrieved October 24, 2014.
80. Harlem Bespoke.
81. Ulysses. "Harlem Bespoke". Retrieved October 24, 2014.
82. Glenn Collins, "Marcus Samuelsson Opens in Harlem", The New York Times, September 7, 2010.
83. "Edgate". Retrieved October 24, 2014.
84. Celia Barbour, "Stephen Spinella's Real Estate Angels", New York Times, July 1, 2007.
85. "The monster now", The New York Daily News, July 10, 2006.