List of pipeline accidents

The following is a list of pipeline accidents:

Belgium

• 2004: A major natural gas pipeline exploded in Ghislenghien, Belgium near Ath (50 kilometres southwest of Brussels), killing 24 people and leaving 122 wounded, some critically on July 30, 2004^[1]

Canada

• 1962: An explosion on a gas pipeline occurred on a lateral line on January 17, about 50 kilometers northwest of Edson, Alberta. 8 people were killed.^[2][3]
• 1965: An explosion from a gas line destroyed several apartments in the LaSalle Heights Disaster in LaSalle, Quebec killing 28 people, the worst pipeline disaster in Canadian history
• 1965: On October 12, an explosion & fire involved the Albert Gas Trunk Line LTD. near Sundre, Alberta, killing 2 pipeline workers.^[4]
• 1969: On October 25, a faulty pipe exploded in a gas line beneath Malton, Ontario. One person died, about 20 were injured, 9 stores and several homes were destroyed. Gas in a dead end section of gas pipeline.^[5]
• 1986: On October 27, a butane pipeline was hit by a pipeline crew, in Sarnia, Ontario; 4 workers were injured (one critically).^[6]
• 1996: A gas pipeline, owned and operated by TransCanada Corporation ruptured at a crossing of the La Salle River in St. Norbert, Winnipeg resulting in an explosion, fire and loss of one home. There were no injuries or deaths reported.^[7]
• 2002: A refined product pipeline rupture near Saint-Clet, Quebec, on 2002 Dec 07, from Trans Northern Pipelines Inc. 273.1 mm diameter mainline kilometer post 63.57, estimated 32 cubic meters of low sulphur diesel released to area and drainage systems. Transportation Safety Board Investigation Report Number P02H0052. http://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/pipeline/2002/p02h0052/p02h0052.asp
• 2003: A backhoe punctured a pipeline in Etobicoke, Ontario the resulting explosion killed 7 people
• 2007: A crude oil pipeline owned and operated by Kinder Morgan Energy Partners was ruptured by an excavator digging a storm sewer trench in Burnaby, British Columbia ^[8]
• 2009: A July 20 Alberta pipeline explosion & fire involved a TransCanada Corporation natural gas pipeline. The explosion, which sent 50 meter flames into the air, destroyed a two-hectare wooded area. The NEB said the delay in releasing the report was caused by an "administrative error", when an employee left without transferring the file over. The Peace River Mainline pipeline, built in 1968, had ruptured six times and leaked on 17 occasions until 2014. The line ruptured in 2009 due to corrosion.^[9]
• 2009: On 29 September, an Enbridge crude oil pipeline, Line 2, leaked at Mile Post 474.7335, immediately downstream of the Odessa pump station near Odessa, Saskatchewan. The leak occurred at a crack within a shallow dent at the 6 o’clock position on the pipe. There were indications of gouging associated with the dent. The release occurred in a low lying, densely vegetated marsh. Approximately 175 cubic meters of crude oil was released, of which most was recovered. There were no injuries.^[10]
• 2009: A refined product pipeline rupture near Farran's Point, Ontario on Ottawa Lateral, on October 5, from Trans Northern Pipelines Inc. system, unknown petroleum product, unknown quantity. Transportation Safety Board Report Number P09H0086. http://www.tsb.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/pipeline/2009/p09h0086/p09h0086.asp
• 2010: A refined product pipeline rupture at Bronte Creek in Oakville, Ontario, detected on March 11, from Trans Northern Pipeline Inc. system, estimated 23,770 gallons of gasoline released to creek, soil and ground water. Transportation Safety Board Report Number P10H0021. http://www.tsp.gc.ca/eng/rapports-reports/pipeline/2010/p10h0021/p10h0021.asp
• 2011: In April, a pipeline break northeast of Peace River, Alberta, leaked 28,000 barrels of crude oil, Some wildlife was killed from the spill. The Energy Resources Conservation Board, an independent government agency that was dissolved in 2013, reprimanded the company, saying it had inadequate leak detection and failed to test its emergency response plan.^[11]
• 2012: In June, almost half a million liters of sour crude oil leaked into a creek that flows into the Red Deer River, located about 100 kilometers north of Calgary, near the community of Sundre.^[12]
• 2012: On June 19, an Enbridge pipeline had a gasket failure, spilling about 1,400 barrels of crude oil, at a pumping station near Elk Point, Alberta.^[13]
• 2013: In June, between 400,000 and 600,000 liters of produced water escaped from a pipeline, in addition to 5,000 liters of oil, near Little Buffalo, Alberta.^[14]
• 2013: On October 17, a 36-inch natural gas pipeline ruptured southwest of Fort McMurray, Alberta. An estimated 16.5 million cubic meters of natural gas were released. The rupture did not result in a fire, there were no injuries and no evacuation was required. A fracture in a pipe elbow was the identified for the reason of the failure.^[15]
• 2014: On January 25, a TransCanada Corporation gas transmission pipeline exploded and burned, causing a natural gas shortage in Manitoba and parts of the United States.^[16]
• 2014: On April 2, a pipeline failed, and spilled 70,000 liters of oil and processed water, northwest of Slave Lake, Alberta.^[17]
• 2014: In November, 60,000 liters of crude oil spilled into muskeg from a failed pipeline, in Red Earth Creek in northern Alberta. Officials were delayed in reaching the scene, due to poor weather at the time.^[18]
• 2015: On March 01, a pipeline leak spilled about 17,000 barrel of condensate, in Northern Alberta.^[19]
• 2015: On May 5, a gas transmission pipeline failed approximately 36 kilometers southeast of Drumheller, Alberta. The incident resulted in an undetermined volume of sweet natural gas and associated hydrocarbon liquid being released onto agricultural land.^[20]
• 2015: On July 15, a pipeline at a Long Lake oil sands facility in northern Alberta leaked about 31,500 barrels of oil emulsion. The spill covered approximately 16,000 square meters (4 acres) but was mostly contained within the pipeline's right of way.^[21]
• 2015: On August 14, a leak from a pipeline spilled about 100,000 liters of an oil, water, & gas emulsion on the Hay Lake First Nation, about 100 kilometers northwest of High Level, Alberta^[22]

China

• 2010: Dalian Pipeline disaster - The explosion of two petroleum pipelines and subsequent fire in the port of Dalian, in northern China's Liaoning province on Saturday, on July 17, 2010, caused fatalities, damages and an ecological disaster, releasing 11,000 barrels of oil into the Yellow Sea, and covering up, according to different sources, from 50 to 430 km² of sea and coast lines.
• 2013: a Sinopec Corp oil pipeline exploded in Huangdao, Qingdao, Shandong Province, on November 22, 2013. 55 people were killed.^[23]

Malaysia

• 2014: PETRONAS gas pipeline explosion in the state of Sarawak, Malaysia ripped apart a portion of the RM3bil Sabah to Sarawak interstate gas pipeline between Lawas town and Long Sukang in the northernmost district of Sarawak at 2 a.m., resulting in the evacuation of nearby villagers.^[24]

Kenya

• 2011 Nairobi pipeline fire kills approximately 100 people and hospitalized 120.

Mexico

• 1959 On July 1, a petroleum pipeline exploded, and burned for 7 hours in Coatzacoalcos. 12 people were killed, and 100 more injured.^[25][26]
• 1978 On November 1, a gas pipeline exploded and burned, killing 52 people in Colonia Benito Juarez, Mexico, and injuring 11 in a town of only 100 people. The failure created a crater 300 feet wide and 20 feet deep.^[27]
• 2010 The explosion on December 19, 2010 of an oil pipeline at a Petroleos Mexicanos (Pemex) pumping station in San Martín Texmelucan de Labastida in central Mexico, killed at least 27 people and injured more than 50. The explosion is believed to have been caused by attempts to puncture the pipe to steal oil.^[28]

Nigeria

• 1998: At Jesse in the Niger Delta in Nigeria, a petroleum pipeline exploded killing well over 500 villagers, some of whom were scavenging gasoline. The worst of several similar incidents in this country.^[29] (October 18, 1998)
• 2000: Another pipeline explosion near the town of Jesse killed about 250 villagers.^[29] (July 10, 2000)
• 2000: At least 100 villagers died when a ruptured pipeline exploded in Warri.^[29] (July 16, 2000)
• 2000: A leaking pipeline caught fire near the fishing village of Ebute near Lagos, killing at least 60 people.^[29] (November 30, 2000)
• 2003: A pipeline punctured by thieves exploded and killed 125 villagers near Umuahia, Abia State.^[29] (June 19, 2003)
• 2004: A pipeline punctured by thieves exploded and killed dozens of people in Lagos State.^[29] (September 17, 2004)
• 2006: An oil pipeline punctured by thieves exploded and killed 150 people at the Atlas Creek Island in Lagos State.^[30] (May 12, 2006)
• 2006: A vandalised oil pipeline exploded in Lagos. Up to 500 people may have been killed.^[31] (December 26, 2006)
• 2008: The 2008 Ijegun pipeline explosion (May 16)

Russia

• June 1982 Trans-Siberian Pipeline, three kilotons,^[32] via Farewell Dossier (Siberian pipeline sabotage)

• 1989 The Ufa train disaster: Sparks from two passing trains caused gas leaking from an LPG pipeline near Ufa, Russia to explode. Workers with the pipeline noticed pressure dropping in the line, but they increased pressure instead of searching for a leak. Trees up to 4 kilometers away were felled by the blast, and 2 locomotives and 38 passenger cars on the trains were derailed. Up to 645 people were reported killed on June 4, 1989.^[33]

Taiwan

• 2014: On the night of July 31, a string of explosions originating in buried gas pipes occurred in the city of Kaohsiung. Leaking gas, suspected to be propylene, filled the storm drains along several major thoroughfares and the resulting explosions turned several kilometers of road surface into deep trenches, sending vehicles, people and debris high into the air and igniting fires over a large area. At least 30 people were killed and over 300 injured.^[34][35][36]

United States

See also: Wikipedia's List of pipeline accidents in the United States in the 21st century.

From 1994 through 2013, the U.S. had 745 serious incidents with gas distribution, causing 278 fatalities and 1059 injuries, with $110,658,083 in property damage.^[37]

From 1994 through 2013, there were an additional 110 serious incidents with gas transmission, resulting in 41 fatalities, 195 injuries, and $448,900,333 in property damage.^[38]

From 1994 through 2013, there were an additional 941 serious incidents with gas all system type, resulting in 363 fatalities, 1392 injuries, and $823,970,000 in property damage.^[39]

A recent Wall Street Journal review found that there were 1,400 pipeline spills and accidents in the U.S. 2010-2013. According to the Journal review, four in every five pipeline accidents are discovered by local residents, not the companies that own the pipelines.^[40][41]

Explosion details

• 1999 (June 10) An Olympic gasoline pipeline ruptured near Bellingham, Washington, resulting in 3 deaths: a fly fisherman and two 10-year-old boys. The cause was a series of errors and malfunctions in relief systems and process control computer systems in the Olympic Pipeline system, resulting in 277,000 gallons of gasoline spilled to Whatcom Creek. The fire burned for five days.^[42][43]
• 2000 (19 August) A 30-inch El Paso Energy natural gas pipeline exploded, killing twelve people in southeast New Mexico. They were camping under a bridge which carried the pipeline across the Pecos River. The explosion occurred underground on the east side of the river 200 to 300 yards from the campers around 5:30 a.m.. The explosion left a crater 86 feet long, 46 feet wide and 20 feet deep. The fireball was visible 20 miles north in Carlsbad, N.M. The pipeline was installed in 1950.^[44]
• 2004 (May 24) A pinhole-sized leak caused by wear unleashed thousands of gallons of gasoline that fueled the BP / Olympic pipeline fire and explosion near the Westfield Shoppingtown Southcenter in Renton, Washington. The blaze sent three firefighters to the hospital, and a mile-square area, which included a nearby fire station, was cordoned off. The leak occurred in a half-inch-wide tube of stainless steel that Olympic operators use to extract fuel samples from the system's 16-inch-wide main line. A metal electrical conduit had rubbed against the stainless steel sampling tube to open the pinhole leak.^[45]
• 2010 (September 9) At 6:11 PM, a PG&E 30-inch natural gas line exploded in San Bruno, California, killing 8. Eyewitnesses reported the initial blast "had a wall of fire more than 1,000 feet high".^[46]
• 2010 (July 25) Crude oil pipeline ruptures near Marshall, Michigan, spilling over 840,000 gallons of oil into the Kalamazoo River ^[47][48]
• 2012 (12 December) a 20-inch transmission line owned by NiSource Inc., parent of Columbia Gas, exploded, leveling 4 houses, between Sissonville and Pocatalico in Kanawha County, West Virginia (WV). When it blew, nobody at pipeline operator, Columbia Gas Transmission knew it. An 800' section of I-77 was obliterated.^[49][50] "The fire melted the interstate and it looked like lava, just boiling." Later the West Virginia Public Service Commission released several pages of violations by Columbia Gas.^[51] Forty families were "impacted" by the explosion.^[52][53] The investigation cited "corrosion" as the cause of the blast.^[49][54]
• 2013 (29 March) ExxonMobil pipeline carrying Canadian Wabasca heavy crude from the Athabasca oil sands ruptured in Mayflower, Arkansas, about 25 miles northwest of Little Rock. Approximately 12,000 barrels (1,900 m3) of oil mixed with water had been recovered by March 31. Twenty-two homes were evacuated.[1] The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified the leak as a major spill. A reported 5,000−7,000 barrels of crude were released.^[55]
• 2013 (20 August) Explosion of a natural gas pipeline near Kiowa southwest of Oklahoma City ^[56]
• 2013 (8 October) Explosion of a natural gas pipeline near Rosston, Oklahoma.^[57]
• 2014 (Jan 25) A Trans Canada pipeline about 15 miles south of Winnipeg ruptured and exploded. The incident prompted the precautionary closure of two nearby pipelines. The pipelines supply the main source of natural gas to more than 100,000 Xcel Energy customers in eastern North Dakota, northwestern Minnesota and western Wisconsin.^[58] The explosion happened near Otterburne, Manitoba, about 15 miles south of the provincial capital, Winnipeg. The area was evacuated as a precaution. No injuries were reported but the fire burned for more than 12 hours.^[59]
• 2014 (Feb) In Knifely, Adair County, Kentucky, a Columbia Gulf gas pipeline exploded at 1 a.m. flattening homes, burning barns, and causing one casualty. The 30-inch natural gas pipeline was about 100 feet from Highway 76 and buried 30 feet underground. When it exploded, large rocks and sections of pipeline flew into the air, leaving a 60-foot crater. Columbia Gulf, part of NiSource’s Columbia Pipeline Group, owns and operates more than 15,700 miles of natural gas pipelines, one of the largest underground storage systems in North America. The pipeline that exploded was carrying natural gas from the Gulf of Mexico to New York.^[60]
• 2014 (Feb 11) A Hiland gas pipeline exploded about six miles south of Tioga, North Dakota. Hiland was "blowing" hydrates, ice-like solids formed from a mixture of water and gas that can block pipeline flow, out of the pipeline.^[61]
• 2014 (Mar 14) A Northern Natural Gas Company pipeline erupted near the intersection of county roads 20 and O, about six miles north of Fremont, Nebraska. A company spokesman said, "In the summer you can tell if you've got a gas leak by vegetation, sometimes it dies in the ground."^[62]
• 2014 (May 26) A Viking gas pipeline explosion near Warren, Minnesota was "hell on earth," shaking the ground and shooting a fireball over 100 feet in the air. Roads within a two-mile radius were blocked off. Authorities suspected natural causes because there was still frost in the ground and the soil was wet.^[58][63]

See also

• List of oil spills
• Natural gas pipeline system in United States
  • Pigging
• Hydrostatic test
• Varanus Island, Western Australia
  • 2008 Western Australian gas crisis
• Palaceknowe Gas Pipeline Failure, Moffat, Beattock^[64]

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External links

• "PHMSA: Stakeholder Communications - Summary of Enforcement Case Status". Primis.phmsa.dot.gov. Retrieved 2016-10-04.
• "PHMSA - Home". Phmsa.dot.gov. 2012-12-13. Retrieved 2016-10-04.
• "Blast rips Sabah-Sarawak gas pipeline - Nation | The Star Online". Thestar.com.my. 2014-06-11. Retrieved 2016-10-04.