List of rulers of Maluku

This is a list of rulers of Maluku from proto-historical times until the present. The four sultanates of Ternate, Tidore, Jailolo and Bacan were considered descendants of a legendary figure called Jafar Sadik and formed a ritual quadripartition. Drawing wealth from the spice production and trade with other parts of Asia, Ternate and Tidore lorded over extensive realms which stretched from Sulawesi to Papua, while Jailolo and Bacan merely had local significance. They fell under Portuguese or Spanish influence in the sixteenth century, superseded by Dutch impact in the seventeenth century. The sultanates were subordinated to the Dutch colonial state until 1942 when the Japanese occupied Indonesia. After the outbreak of the Indonesian revolution they belonged to the Dutch-approved quasi-state East Indonesia from 1946 to 1950 when they were incorporated in the unitary Indonesian state.

Sultans of Bacan[1]

Sultans of Jailolo[2]

Legendary list

Historical list

Kings and Sultans of Ternate[3]

Kings and Sultans of Tidore[4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Coolhaas, W.Ph. (1923) "Kronijk van het rijk Batjan", Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 63.
  2. ↑ The pedigree and chronology of the sultans is only partly known; see Schurhammer, F. (1973-1982) Francis Xavier; His Life, His Times, Vol. I-IV. Rome: Jesuit Historical Institute; Jacobs, Hubert (1974-1984) Documenta Malucensia, Vol. I-III. Rome: Jesuit Historical Society; Fraassen, C. van (1987) Ternate, de Molukken en de Indonesische Archipel. Leiden: Leiden University (PhD Thesis).
  3. ↑ Early dates before 1500 are unreliable, and are given by Valentijn, Francois (1724-1726) Oud en nieuw Oost-Indien, Vol. I-V. Dordrecht & Amsterdam: Van Braam & Onde de Linden. The genealogy and chronology of the sultans are given in Fraassen, C. van (1987) Ternate, de Molukken en de Indonesische Archipel, Vol. I-II. Leiden: Leiden University (PhD Thesis).
  4. ↑ Katoppo, Elvianus (1957) Nuku, Sulthan Sadul Djehad Muhammad el Mabus Amirudin Sjah, Kaitjili Paparangan, Sulthan Tidore. Kilatmadju Bina Budhaja; Widjojo, Muridan (2009) The revolt of Prince Nuku: Cross-cultural alliance-making in Maluku, c. 1780-1810. Leiden: Brill. The exact genealogy of the rulers before the mid-17th century is not known by the local historical tradition; for the known details, see Clercq, F.S.A. de (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate. Leiden: Brill..

Bibliography

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