List of sovereign states in 1998

Sovereign states by year
List of sovereign states in 1997	Events of 1998	List of sovereign states in 1999

Internationally recognized sovereign states

A

Abkhazia – Republic of Abkzhazia (De facto independent state)
Afghanistan - Islamic State of Afghanistan, UN member State
Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (partially recognized de jure independent state)
Albania - Republic of Albania, UN member State
Algeria – People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, UN member State
Andorra – Principality of Andorra, UN member State
Angola - Republic of Angola, UN member State
Anjouan - State of Anjouan (de facto independent state)
Antigua and Barbuda – UN member State
Argentina – Argentine Republic, UN member State
Armenia - Republic of Armenia, UN member State
Australia – Commonwealth of Australia, UN member State
Austria – Republic of Austria, UN member State
Azerbaijan - Republic of Azerbaijan, UN member State

B

The Bahamas – Commonwealth of the Bahamas, UN member State
Bahrain – State of Bahrain, UN member State
Bangladesh – People's Republic of Bangladesh, UN member State
Barbados – UN member State
Belarus - Republic of Belarus, UN member State
Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium, UN member State
Belize – UN member State
Benin - Republic of Benin, UN member State
Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan, UN member State
Bolivia – Republic of Bolivia, UN member State
Bosnia and Herzegovina - UN member State
Botswana – Republic of Botswana, UN member State
Bougainville – Republic of Bougainville (de facto independent state to 24 December)
Brazil – Federative Republic of Brazil, UN member State
Brunei – State of Brunei, Abode of Peace, UN member State
Bulgaria - Republic of Bulgaria, UN member State
Burkina Faso - UN member State

Burma Myanmar

Burundi - Republic of Burundi, UN member State

C

Cambodia - Kingdom of Cambodia, UN member State
Cameroon – Republic of Cameroon, UN member State
Canada – UN member State
Cape Verde – Republic of Cape Verde, UN member state
Central African Republic, UN member State
Chad – Republic of Chad, UN member State
Chechnya - Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (Partially recognized de facto independent state)
Chile – Republic of Chile, UN member State
China, People's Republic of – UN member State
China, Republic of (partially recognized de facto independent state)
Colombia – Republic of Colombia, UN member State
Comoros - Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros, UN member State
Republic of the Congo - UN member State
Democratic Republic of the Congo - UN member State
Cook Islands (A state in free association with New Zealand)
Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica, UN member State

Côte d'Ivoire Ivory Coast

Croatia – Republic of Croatia, UN member State
Cuba – Republic of Cuba, UN member State
Cyprus – Republic of Cyprus, UN member State
Czech Republic - UN member State

D

Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark, UN member State
Djibouti – Republic of Djibouti, UN member State
Dominica – Commonwealth of Dominica, UN member State
Dominican Republic, UN member State

E

Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador, UN member State
Egypt – Arab Republic of Egypt, UN member State
El Salvador – Republic of El Salvador, UN member State
Equatorial Guinea – Republic of Equatorial Guinea, UN member State
Eritrea - State of Eritrea, UN member State
Estonia – Republic of Estonia, UN member State
Ethiopia - Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, UN member State

Fiji

Sovereign Democratic Republic of Fiji (to 27 July), UN member State
Republic of the Fiji Islands (from 27 July), UN member State
Finland – Republic of Finland, UN member State
France – French Republic, UN member State

G

Gabon – Gabonese Republic, UN member State
The Gambia – Republic of the Gambia, UN member State
Georgia - UN member State
Germany - Federal Republic of Germany, UN member State
Ghana – Republic of Ghana, UN member State
Greece – Hellenic Republic, UN member State
Grenada - UN member State
Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala, UN member State
Guinea – Republic of Guinea, UN member State
Guinea-Bissau – Republic of Guinea-Bissau, UN member State
Guyana – Co-operative Republic of Guyana, UN member State

H

Haiti – Republic of Haiti, UN member State

Holy See Vatican City

Honduras – Republic of Honduras, UN member State
Hungary – Republic of Hungary, UN member State

I

Iceland – Republic of Iceland, UN member State
India – Republic of India, UN member State
Indonesia – Republic of Indonesia, UN member State
Iran – Islamic Republic of Iran, UN member State
Iraq - Republic of Iraq, UN member State
Ireland – Republic of Ireland, UN member State
Israel – State of Israel, UN member State (wasn't recognized by 21 UN member States)
Italy – Italian Republic, UN member State
Ivory Coast – Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, UN member State

J

Jamaica - UN member State
Japan - UN member State
Jordan – Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, UN member State
Jubaland - Jubaland State of Somalia (de facto self-governing state from 3 September)

K

Kazakhstan – Republic of Kazakhstan, UN member State
Kenya – Republic of Kenya, UN member State
Kiribati – Republic of Kiribati
North Korea – Democratic People's Republic of Korea, UN member state (wasn't recognized by 4 UN member States)
South Korea – Republic of Korea, UN member state (wasn't recognized by North Korea)
Kuwait – State of Kuwait, UN member State
Kyrgyzstan - Kyrgyz Republic, UN member State

L

Laos – Lao People's Democratic Republic, UN member State
Latvia – Republic of Latvia, UN member State
Lebanon – Lebanese Republic, UN member State
Lesotho – Kingdom of Lesotho, UN member State
Liberia – Republic of Liberia, UN member State
Libya – Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, UN member State
Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein, UN member State
Lithuania – Republic of Lithuania, UN member State
Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, UN member State

M

Macedonia - Republic of Macedonia, UN member State
Madagascar - Republic of Madagascar, UN member State
Malawi – Republic of Malawi, UN member state
Malaysia - UN member State
Maldives – Republic of Maldives, UN member State
Mali – Republic of Mali, UN member State
Malta – Republic of Malta, UN member State
Marshall Islands – Republic of the Marshall Islands (A state under Compact of Free Association with the United States), UN member State
Mauritania – Islamic Republic of Mauritania, UN member State
Mauritius - Republic of Mauritius, UN member State
Federated States of Micronesia (A state under Compact of Free Association with the United States), UN member State
Mohéli - Democratic Republic of Mohéli (de facto independent state)
Mexico – United Mexican States, UN member State
Moldova – Republic of Moldova, UN member state
Monaco – Principality of Monaco, UN member State
Mongolia - UN member State
Morocco – Kingdom of Morocco, UN member State
Mozambique - Republic of Mozambique, UN member State
Myanmar – Union of Myanmar, UN member State

N

Nagorno-Karabakh - Nagorno-Karabakh Republic (De facto independent state)
Namibia – Republic of Namibia, UN member State
Nauru – Republic of Nauru, UN member State
Nepal – Kingdom of Nepal, UN member State
Netherlands – Kingdom of the Netherlands, UN member State
New Zealand - UN member State
Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua, UN member State
Niger – Republic of Niger, UN member State
Nigeria – Federal Republic of Nigeria, UN member State
Niue (A state in free association with New Zealand)
Northern Cyprus – Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (partially recognized de facto independent state)
Norway – Kingdom of Norway, UN member State

O

Oman – Sultanate of Oman, UN member State

P

Pakistan – Islamic Republic of Pakistan, UN member state
Palau - Republic of Palau (A state under Compact of Free Association with the United States), UN member State
Palestine - Palestinian National Authority (Disputed region consisting of three occupied territories: the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem)
Panama – Republic of Panama, UN member State
Papua New Guinea – Independent State of Papua New Guinea, UN member State
Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay, UN member State
Peru – Republic of Peru, UN member State
Philippines – Republic of the Philippines, UN member State
Poland – Republic of Poland, UN member State
Portugal – Portuguese Republic, UN member state
Puntland - Puntland State of Somalia (de facto independent state from 1 August)

Q

Qatar – State of Qatar, UN member State

R

Romania – UN member State
Russia - Russian Federation, UN member State
Rwanda – Rwandese Republic, UN member state

S

Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Partially recognized de facto independent state)
Saint Kitts and Nevis – Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis, UN member State
Saint Lucia, UN member State
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, UN member State
Samoa - Independent State of Samoa, UN member State
San Marino – Republic of San Marino
São Tomé and Príncipe – Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, UN member State
Saudi Arabia – Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, UN member State
Senegal – Republic of Senegal, UN member State
Seychelles – Republic of Seychelles, UN member State
Sierra Leone – Republic of Sierra Leone, UN member State
Singapore – Republic of Singapore, UN member State
Slovakia - Slovak Republic, UN member State
Slovenia – Republic of Slovenia, UN member State
Solomon Islands - UN member State
Somalia - UN member State
Somaliland – Republic of Somaliland (De facto independent state)
South Africa – Republic of South Africa, UN member State
South Ossetia - Republic of South Ossetia (De facto independent state)
Spain – Kingdom of Spain, UN member State
Sri Lanka – Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, UN member State
Sudan – Republic of the Sudan, UN member State
Suriname – Republic of Suriname, UN member State
Swaziland – Kingdom of Swaziland, UN member State
Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden, UN member State
Switzerland – Swiss Confederation, Permanent observer at UN
Syria – Syrian Arab Republic, UN member State

T

Taiwan China, Republic of

Tajikistan – Republic of Tajikistan, UN member State
Tamil Eelam (unrecognized de facto self-governing entity)
Tanzania – United Republic of Tanzania, UN member State
Thailand – Kingdom of Thailand, UN member State
Togo – Togolese Republic, UN member State
Tonga – Kingdom of Tonga, UN member State
Transnistria - Transnistrian Moldovan Republic (De facto independent state)
Trinidad and Tobago – Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, UN member State
Tunisia – Tunisian Republic, UN member State
Turkey – Republic of Turkey, UN member State
Turkmenistan - UN member State
Tuvalu

U

Ukraine, UN member State
Uganda – Republic of Uganda, UN member State
United Arab Emirates - UN member State
United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, UN member State
United States – United States of America, UN member State
Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay, UN member State
Uzbekistan – Republic of Uzbekistan, UN member State

V

Vanuatu – Republic of Vanuatu, UN member State
Vatican City – Vatican City State, Permanent observer at UN
Venezuela – Republic of Venezuela, UN member State
Vietnam – Socialist Republic of Vietnam, UN member State

Y

Yemen – Republic of Yemen, UN member State
Yugoslavia - Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Z

Zambia - Republic of Zambia, UN member State
Zimbabwe – Republic of Zimbabwe, UN member State

Non-sovereign territories

Australia

Ashmore and Cartier Islands - The Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands (Uninhabited external territory)
Australian Antarctic Territory (Uninhabited external territory)
Christmas Island - The Territory of Christmas Island (External territory)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands - The Territory of the Cocos Islands (External territory)
Coral Sea Islands - The Coral Sea Islands Territory (Uninhabited external territory)
Heard Island and McDonald Islands – Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (Uninhabited external territory)
Norfolk Island – Territory of Norfolk Island (External territory)

China

Hong Kong - Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China

Denmark

Faroe Islands (Constituent country)
Greenland (Constituent country)

Finland

Åland (Neutral and demilitarised region)

France

French Polynesia (Overseas territory), with Clipperton Island
French Southern and Antarctic Lands - The Territory of French Southern and Antarctic Lands (Overseas territory)
Mayotte (Overseas territory)
New Caledonia (Overseas territory)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Overseas territory)
Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean (Overseas territory), consisting of five uninhabited possessions:
- Bassas da India (Disputed by Madagascar)
- Europa Island (Disputed by Madagascar)
- Glorioso Islands (Disputed by Madagascar, Comoros and the Seychelles)
- Juan de Nova Island (Disputed by Madagascar)
- Tromelin Island (Disputed by Mauritius and the Seychelles)
Wallis and Futuna - The Territory of the Wallis and Futuna (Overseas territory)

Greece

Mount Athos (Autonomous monastic state)

Netherlands

Aruba (Autonomous country)
Netherlands Antilles (Autonomous country)

New Zealand

Ross Dependency (Suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
Tokelau

Norway

Bouvet Island
Peter I Island (Suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
Queen Maud Land (Suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)

Portugal

Macau (Chinese territory administered by Portugal)

United Kingdom

Akrotiri and Dhekelia - Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (Dependent territory)
Anguilla (Dependent territory)
Bermuda (Dependent territory)
British Antarctic Territory (Dependent territory suspended under the Antarctic Treaty)
British Indian Ocean Territory (Dependent territory disputed by Mauritius and the Seychelles)
British Virgin Islands (Dependent territory)
Cayman Islands (Dependent territory)
Falkland Islands (Dependent territory disputed by Argentina)
Gibraltar (Dependent territory)
Montserrat (Dependent territory)
Pitcairn Islands (Dependent territory)
Saint Helena (Dependent territory), with two dependencies:
- Ascension Island
- Tristan da Cunha
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (Dependent territory disputed by Argentina)
Turks and Caicos Islands (Dependent territory)
Guernsey - The Bailiwick of Guersney (Crown depedency), with three dependencies:
- Alderney
- Sark
- Herm
Isle of Man (Crown depedency)
Jersey - The Bailiwick of Jersey (Crown depedency)

United States

American Samoa (Insular area including Swains Island, disputed by Tokelau)
Guam (Insular area)
Northern Mariana Islands - Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands (Insular area)
Puerto Rico - Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Insular area)
United States Virgin Islands - Virgin Islands of the United States (Insular area)
Baker Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
Howland Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
Jarvis Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
Johnston Atoll (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
Kingman Reef (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
Midway Atoll (Uninhabited unincorporated territory)
Navassa Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory claimed by Haiti)
Wake Island (Uninhabited unincorporated territory claimed by the Marshall Islands)

Other states

Antarctica as a whole had no government and no permanent population. Seven states claimed portions of Antarctica and five of these had reciprocally recognised one another's claims.^[1] These claims, which were regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, were neither recognised nor disputed by any other signatory state.^[2]
The European Union was a sui generis supranational organisation which had 12 (later 15) member states. The member states had transferred a measure of their legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, and as such the EU had some elements of sovereignty, without generally being considered a sovereign state. The European Union did not claim to be a sovereign state and had only limited capacity for relations with other states.
The Sovereign Military Order of Malta was an entity claiming sovereignty and a United Nations observer. The order had bi-lateral diplomatic relations with a large number of states, but had no territory other than extraterritorial areas within Rome.^[3] The order's Constitution stated: "The Order is a subject of international law and exercises sovereign functions." ^[4] Although the order frequently asserted its sovereignty, it did not claim to be a sovereign state. It lacked a defined territory. Since all its members were citizens of other states, almost all of them lived in their native countries, and those who resided in the order's extraterritorial properties in Rome did so only in connection with their official duties, the order lacked the characteristic of having a permanent population.

References

↑ Rogan-Finnemore, Michelle (2005), "What Bioprospecting Means for Antarctica and the Southern Ocean", in Von Tigerstrom, Barbara, International Law Issues in the South Pacific, Ashgate Publishing, p. 204, ISBN 0-7546-4419-7 "Australia, New Zealand, France, Norway and the United Kingdom reciprocally recognize the validity of each other's claims."
↑ CIA – the World Factbook – Antarctica – accessed 19 January 2008
↑ Bilateral relations with countries, Retrieved 2011-12-22
↑ Chapter General of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (1998-01-12). Constitutional Charter and Code of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, of Rhodes, and of Malta, promulgated 27 June 1961, revised by the Extraordinary Chapter General 28–30 April 1997, Article 3 "Sovereignty," Paragraph 1. (PDF). Rome: Tipografia Arte della Stampa. p. 11.

Lists of sovereign states by year

AD (CE)

Current list of sovereign states

Centuries

1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 19th

Years

12th–18th century 1143 1400 1494 1496 1500 1528 1648 1660 1661 1768 1769 1776 1800 19th century 1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 20th century 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1970 1971 1972 1973 1980 1981 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 21st century 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Decades

1820s 1830s 1840s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s

Ages

Classical Late Antiquity Middle

BC (BCE)

100 BC Centuries 35th BC 21st BC 20th BC 19th BC 18th BC 17th BC 16th BC 15th BC 14th BC 13th BC 12th BC 11th BC 10th BC 9th BC 8th BC 7th BC 6th BC 5th BC 4th BC 3rd BC 2nd BC 1st BC Ages Copper Bronze Iron Classical

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