Louis C.K.

Louis C.K.

C.K. at the 2012 Time 100 gala
Birth name Louis Székely
Born (1967-09-12) September 12, 1967
Washington, D.C., United States
Medium
Years active 1985–present
Genres
Subject(s)
Spouse Alix Bailey (m. 1995; div. 2008)
Children 2
Website louisck.net

Louis Székely[1][lower-alpha 1] (born September 12, 1967),[1][2] known professionally as Louis C.K. (/ˈluːiː siːˈkeɪ/), is an American comedian, actor, writer, producer, director, and editor.[3] He began his career writing for several comedy shows in the 1990s and early 2000s for comedians including David Letterman, Conan O'Brien, and Chris Rock. Also in this period, he was directing surreal short films and went on to direct two features—Tomorrow Night (1998) and Pootie Tang (2001)—before he starred in the short-lived HBO television sitcom Lucky Louie in 2006.

Louie, an acclaimed semi-autobiographical comedy-drama series that C.K. created, stars in, writes, directs, executive produces, and is the primary editor of, began airing in 2010 on FX. He had supporting acting roles in the films The Invention of Lying (2009), American Hustle, Blue Jasmine (both 2013), and Trumbo (2015). During an extended Louie hiatus, C.K. created and starred in his web series Horace and Pete in 2016, and voiced the lead role in the animated film The Secret Life of Pets the same year.

He released his debut comedy album, Live in Houston, in 2001 directly through his website and became among the first performers to offer direct-to-fan sales of tickets to his stand-up shows, as well as DRM-free video concert downloads, via his website.[4] C.K. has released nine comedy albums in his career, often directing and editing their specials as well. He is known for his use of observational, self-deprecating, dark and vulgar humor.

C.K. has won a 2012 Peabody Award[5] and six Emmy awards,[6] as well as numerous awards for The Chris Rock Show, Louie, and his stand-up specials Live at the Beacon Theater (2011) and Oh My God (2013).[7] He has won the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album twice. Rolling Stone ranked C.K.'s stand-up special Shameless number three on their "Divine Comedy: 25 Best Stand-Up Specials and Movies of All Time" list.[8]

Early life

C.K. was born on September 12, 1967, in Washington, D.C.,[9][1][10][11] the son of Mary Louise Székely (née Davis), a software engineer, and Luis Székely, an economist.[9] C.K.'s parents met at Harvard University, where his mother was completing her degree in a summer-school program.[12] They were married at St. Francis Church in Traverse City, Michigan.[13] C.K. has three sisters.[14]

C.K.'s paternal grandfather, Dr. Géza Székely Schweiger, was a surgeon. Székely Schweiger was a Hungarian Jew whose family immigrated to Mexico, where he met C.K.'s paternal grandmother, Rosario Sánchez Morales.[15] Sánchez Morales was a Catholic Mexican.[16] C.K.'s grandfather agreed to have his children raised Catholic, but was (according to C.K.) "quietly Jewish".[17] C.K.'s mother, an American with Irish ancestry, grew up on a farm in Michigan.[18][19] She graduated from Owosso High School in Owosso, Michigan. She attended University of Michigan and graduated from Ohio State University Phi Beta Kappa. C.K.'s maternal grandparents were M. Louise Davis and Alfred C. Davis.[13]

When C.K. was a year old, his family moved to his father's home country of Mexico, from where his father had earned a degree from the National Autonomous University of Mexico prior to graduating from Harvard.[13] C.K.'s first language was Spanish; it was not until after the move back to the U.S. that he began to learn English.[20] He claims he has since forgotten much of his Spanish,[16] however, he still carries a Mexican passport along with his American one.[21] At age seven, C.K. left Mexico with his family to move back to the United States and settle in Boston.[22] Upon moving from Mexico to suburban Boston, C.K. wanted to become a writer and comedian, citing Richard Pryor, Steve Martin, and George Carlin as some of his influences.[12] When he was 10, his parents divorced. C.K. said that his father was around but he did not see him much and when he remarried, C.K.'s father converted to Orthodox Judaism, the faith of his new wife.[17] C.K. and his three sisters were raised by their single mother in Newton, Massachusetts.[23] The fact that his mother had only "bad" TV shows to view upon returning home from work inspired him to work on television.[23] C.K.'s mother raised her children as Catholic, wanting them to have a religious framework and understanding, and they attended after-school Catholic class until they completed communion.[17] C.K. has said that his father's whole family still lives in Mexico. C.K.'s paternal uncle Dr. Francisco Székely is an academic and an international consultant on environmental affairs who served as Mexico's Deputy Minister of Environment (2000–2003).[24]

C.K. attended Newton North High School, and graduated in 1985. He graduated with future Friends star Matt LeBlanc, with whom he would later be nominated in the same category at the Primetime Emmy Awards multiple times.[25] After graduation C.K. worked as an auto mechanic and at a public access TV cable station in Boston.[9] According to C.K., working in public access TV gave him the tools and technical knowledge to make his short films and later his television shows. "Learning is my favorite thing", he said.[4] He also worked for a time as a cook and in a video store.[14]

Career

Stand-up

Louis C.K. performing in Kuwait, December 2008

His first attempt at stand-up was in 1985 at an open mic night at a comedy club in Boston, Massachusetts, during the apex of the comedy boom. He was given five minutes of time, but had only two minutes of material.[26] He was so discouraged by the experience that he did not perform again for two years.[27] He and Marc Maron later reminisced about their early careers and friendship on Maron's WTF Podcast.[28] As Boston's comedy scene grew, C.K. gradually achieved success, performing alongside acts such as Denis Leary and Lenny Clarke, and eventually he moved up to paid gigs, opening for Jerry Seinfeld and hosting comedy clubs[9] until he moved to Manhattan in 1989.[26] He performed his act on many televised programs, including Evening at the Improv and Star Search. In 1993, he unsuccessfully auditioned for Saturday Night Live, and most of the comedy clubs in New York City closed.[3] In 1996 HBO released his first half-hour comedy special.[26]

C.K. has performed his stand-up frequently on shows such as Late Show with David Letterman, Late Night with Conan O'Brien, Lopez Tonight, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, and Jimmy Kimmel Live!. In August 2005, C.K. starred in a half-hour HBO special as part of the stand-up series One Night Stand. Inspired by the work ethic of fellow comedian George Carlin, who had committed to dropping all of his existing material and starting over every year,[29] C.K. launched his first hour-long special, Shameless, in 2007, which aired on HBO and was later released on DVD. In March 2008, he recorded a second hour-long special, Chewed Up, which premiered on Showtime Network on October 4, 2008, and went on to be nominated for an Emmy for "Outstanding Writing in a Comedy or Variety Special". C.K. has said that "failure is the road to becoming a great comedian."[4]

On April 18, 2009, C.K. recorded a concert film titled Hilarious. Unlike his previous specials—which had all been produced for television networks—Hilarious was produced independently, directed by C.K. himself, and sold to Epix and Comedy Central after it was complete. As a result, it was not released until late 2010. It was published on DVD and CD in 2011.[30] It is the first stand-up comedy film to be accepted into Sundance.[31] In a 2010 interview, C.K. talked about how, after his divorce, he thought, "well, there goes my act." He alluded to the way that his marriage had been central to his act and his life, and he said that it took him approximately a year to realize "I'm accumulating stories here that are worth telling."[32] One element in his preparation for stand-up was training in the boxing gym, including with Lowell, Massachusetts fighter Micky Ward, trying to "learn how to ... do the grunt work and the boring, constant training so that you'll be fit enough to take the beating."[32]

On December 10, 2011, C.K. released his fourth full-length special, Live at the Beacon Theater. Like Hilarious, it was produced independently and directed by C.K. However, unlike his earlier work, it was distributed digitally on the comedian's website, foregoing both physical and broadcast media. C.K. released the special for $5.00 and without DRM, hoping that these factors and the direct relationship between the artist and consumer would effectively deter piracy.[33] At the end of the special, the release of a new album, recorded at Carnegie Hall the previous year, is mentioned. As of December 21, 2011, the sales of the special from C.K.'s website have earned him over $1 million.[34]

The success of the special prompted other comedians, including Jim Gaffigan, Joe Rogan, and Aziz Ansari, to release their own specials with a similar business model.[35] On May 11, 2012, C.K. additionally made two audio-only downloads available for $5.00 each: WORD – Live at Carnegie Hall (and the audio version of his first HBO stand-up special, Shameless), as well as an audio-only version of Live at the Beacon Theater.[34] C.K.'s fifth one-hour special, Oh My God, was recorded at the Celebrity Theatre in Phoenix, Arizona, and premiered on HBO April 13, 2013.[36] It is also sold and distributed using the same model as C.K. used for Live at the Beacon Theater. C.K. released his sixth one hour special Live at The Comedy Store recorded, unlike his past few specials, at a club, The Comedy Store in West Hollywood. C.K. mentioned the material was intended to be an exercise in creating an act which hearkened back to his early days of working in comedy clubs.[37] The special premiered exclusively on FX on May 28, 2015.

C.K. became the first comedian to sell out Madison Square Garden three times in a single tour in 2015.[3] Audio from the tour was released by C.K. on his website as Louis C.K.: Live at Madison Square Garden through the pay what you want model.[38]

Acting, writing, and directing

Louis C.K. speaking in Montreal, July 29, 2011

In 1984, when C.K. was 17, he directed the comedic short film Trash Day. The New York University Tisch School of the Arts showed an interest in him as a filmmaker, but he instead decided to pursue a career in stand-up comedy.[39]

C.K.'s early writing jobs included the Late Show with David Letterman, Late Night with Conan O'Brien, The Dana Carvey Show, and The Chris Rock Show. He has been quoted as describing his approach to writing as a "deconstruction" that is both painful and frightening.[14] His work for The Chris Rock Show was nominated for an Emmy Award for writing three times, winning "Best Writing in a Variety or Comedy Series" in 1999. He was also nominated for an Emmy Award for his work writing for Late Night with Conan O'Brien.[40]

In 1998, C.K. wrote and directed the independent black-and-white film Tomorrow Night, which premiered at Sundance, marking his feature film directorial debut after making several shorter films,[41] including six short films for the sketch comedy show Howie Mandel's Sunny Skies (1995) on the Showtime cable network.[42] C.K. self-released Tomorrow Night in 2014.[43] He had an early acting role in the independent comedy Tuna, alongside Nick Offerman, in 2000.[44] C.K. wrote and directed the feature film Pootie Tang, which was adapted from a sketch that was featured on The Chris Rock Show and featured Chris Rock in a supporting role. The film received largely negative reviews from critics, but has become a cult classic.[45][46] Though C.K. is credited as the director, he was fired at the end of filming with the film being re-edited by the studio.[47] C.K. has co-written two screenplays with Rock: Down to Earth (2001) and I Think I Love My Wife (2007).[48][49]

In June 2006, C.K. starred in and wrote Lucky Louie, a sitcom he created. The series premiered on HBO and was videotaped in front of a studio audience; it was HBO's first series in that format. Lucky Louie is described as a bluntly realistic portrayal of family life. HBO canceled the series after its first season.[50] He appeared in three films in 2008: Welcome Home Roscoe Jenkins, Diminished Capacity, and Role Models.[51][52] He was nominated for an Emmy Award for writing on his 2008 special, Chewed Up. From 2009 to 2012, C.K. played Dave Sanderson, a police officer and ex-boyfriend of Leslie Knope (played by Amy Poehler) in the sitcom Parks and Recreation.[53] He also co-starred in the romantic comedy fantasy film The Invention of Lying, directed by and starring Ricky Gervais, in 2009.[54]

Louie

In August 2009, FX picked up his new series, Louie, which C.K. stars in, writes, directs, and edits.[55][56] The show features his stand-up routines blended with segments which are based to some extent on his offstage experiences.[57] The show premiered on June 29, 2010.[58] The show addresses life as a divorced, aging father.[32] In season three, episodes dealt respectively with a date with an unstable bookshop clerk (played by Parker Posey);[59] a doomed attempt to replace a retiring David Letterman; an aborted visit to C.K.'s father; and a dream-reality New Year's Eve episode in which C.K. ends up in China.[60] These episodes were ranked in critic Matt Zoller Seitz's favorite 25 comedy episodes of 2012.[61] Seitz called the episode "New Year's Eve" "truly audacious".[60][61] C.K. has been nominated five times for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series (2011, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015) for his work in Louie and won two Emmys in 2011 for the Louie episode "Pregnant"[62] and for his special Live at the Beacon Theater.[63]

The show was renewed for a fourth season;[64] with a 19-month hiatus after season 3[17] to accommodate C.K.'s roles in David O. Russell's American Hustle and Woody Allen's Blue Jasmine in 2013.[65][66] During the 2014 Television Critics Association presentations, FX Networks' John Landgraf reported that Louie would return in spring 2015 for a shortened fifth season of seven episodes—compared to the 13 episodes of prior seasons.[67] The fifth season premiered in April 2015 and the possibility of a sixth season remains unknown, as it was announced that the series would be taking an "extended hiatus" in August 2015;[68] C.K. stated in January 2016 that he "just doesn't know" whether it will return or not.[69]

Subsequent work

C.K.'s production company, Pig Newton, where he works with partner / producer Blair Breard, has a contract to develop and executive produce pilots for FX Networks.[70] In January 2014, it was announced that C.K. would be producing and co-writing a Zach Galifianakis-created comedy pilot for FX Networks.[71] The 10-episode single-camera comedy, titled Baskets, premiered on January 21, 2016.[72] It features Galifianakis as the main character, a struggling clown named Chip Baskets in a pilot episode written by Galifianakis, Louis C.K. and Jonathan Krisel.[73]

In May 2015, it was announced that C.K. would be writing, directing and starring in a film titled I'm A Cop that was going be produced by Scott Rudin, Dave Becky, and long-time associate, Blair Breard, with a budget of $8 million.[74] He scrapped the project.[75] In November 2015, C.K co-starred in the biographical drama film Trumbo as a composite character based on five different screenwriters who were blacklisted in Hollywood for their alleged ties to the Communist party during the 1940s.[lower-alpha 2][77] It was announced in January 2016 that C.K. and actor/comedian Albert Brooks would be co-creating, co-writing, executive producing, and providing the voices for the two main characters in an upcoming animated series pilot for FX.[78]

C.K. at the 2013 Peabody Awards

On January 30, 2016, he released the first episode of the tragicomic drama series Horace and Pete to his website, without any prior announcements. C.K. directed, wrote, and starred in the series as bar owner Horace, alongside Steve Buscemi, who portrays co-owner Pete.[79] James Poniewozik of the New York Times said of the series "it may best be described as a Cheers spec script by Eugene O’Neill: a snapshot of a family — and a country — suffering a hangover decades in the making".[80] The self-financed series received a significantly positive reaction from critics, who largely focused on the performances of the veteran cast that includes C.K., Buscemi, Edie Falco, Steven Wright, Alan Alda, and Jessica Lange and C.K.'s writing.[81][82] C.K. has expressed his interest in a second season.[83]

C.K. also developed with FX the series Better Things, starring Pamela Adlon. C.K. co-wrote, co-produced, and directed the pilot.[3] The show is about a single working actress mother and her struggles to raise three daughters.[84] It premiered in September 2016.[85] He next voiced the lead, Max, a Jack Russell Terrier, in the animated comedy film The Secret Life of Pets. The film was co-directed by Chris Renaud of the Despicable Me series, and was released on July 8, 2016.[86][87] It has grossed over $767 million worldwide.[88]

Other work

As a voice actor, C.K. portrayed Brendon Small's estranged father, Andrew Small, in Home Movies,[89] appeared several times on Dr. Katz, Professional Therapist,[90] and voiced The Horrifyingly Sweaty One-Armed Monstrosity in two episodes of Gravity Falls.[91]

C.K. was a frequent guest on The Opie & Anthony Show, which also featured his Lucky Louie co-star Jim Norton. C.K. was also a part of Opie and Anthony's Traveling Virus Comedy Tour with other comedians in 2007. He has appeared on Sirius XM's Raw Dog Comedy show, and in 2007 hosted a three-hour phone-in show on the service at the request of Opie & Anthony, during which he advised callers on their relationship troubles.[92] By May 2011, C.K. had hosted over 107 hours of radio with Opie & Anthony. During an interview with Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld on The Opie & Anthony Show, C.K. repeatedly asked Rumsfeld whether he is in fact a reptilian space alien who "eats Mexican babies".[93] Rumsfeld declined to comment. The video has since gone viral.[93] In the Louie episode "Barney / Never", Opie, Anthony, and Norton (along with comedian Amy Schumer) play the on-air talent of a stereotypical wacky morning radio program into which C.K.'s character is calling to promote a gig in Kansas City.[94]

C.K. has been an occasional guest on The Bob & Tom Show, a showcase for comedians. He also worked with Robert Smigel on TV Funhouse shorts exclusively for Saturday Night Live, with topics ranging from politics to surrealism.[95] C.K. hosted Saturday Night Live on November 3, 2012 and was subsequently Emmy nominated for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series.[40][96] He returned to host the show for a second time on March 29, 2014 and a third time on May 16, 2015; he was once again nominated in the Emmys for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for both episodes.[97][98][6]

He executive produced the pilot for the Amazon Video black comedy series One Mississippi, starring actress and comedian Tig Notaro in November 2015. It was ordered for a full season by Amazon.[99]

Ticketing innovation

C.K. innovated direct-to-consumer distribution of his and others' work, selling tickets via his website in DRM-free format. In this way C.K. sold tickets for his stand-up tour, circumventing large ticket outlets (e.g., Ticketmaster), creatively bypassing their overhead and the venues they control.[63] C.K. has said the ticket outlets create barriers to consumers, whereas direct distribution is easy — and has effectively "closed the gap between how easy it was to steal it [versus] how easy it was to buy it."[4]

Philanthropy

In 2011, by selling Live at the Beacon Theater on his website, C.K. earned a "million dollars in matter of days, half of which he [gave] away to his staff and charities".[100] Recipients included the Fistula Foundation,[101] Green Chimneys, the Pablove Foundation, Charity: Water, and Kiva.[100] In 2016, he selected the Fistula Foundation as the beneficiary of his Jeopardy! Power Players Week appearance.[102]

Personal life

C.K. and artist/painter Alix Bailey married in 1995. Together, they had two daughters.[103] They divorced in 2008,[104][105] with C.K. and Bailey sharing joint custody of their children.[32]

C.K. has defended same-sex marriage in his stand-up. About political partisanship, C.K. states, "Some things I think are very conservative, or very liberal. I think when someone falls into one category for everything, I'm very suspicious. It doesn't make sense to me that you'd have the same solution to every issue."[106] He sent an e-mail to those subscribed to his mailing list in March 2016, criticizing Republican Presidential candidate Donald Trump, likening him to Adolf Hitler and calling him an "insane bigot," but added "He's not a monster. He's a sad man."[107][108] C.K. later referred to the e-mail as "a little crazy," although he added that he still stood behind much of what he had written.[109]

Discography

Filmography

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ↑ C.K.'s stage name is an approximate English pronunciation of his Hungarian surname, Székely, pronounced [ˈseːkɛj].
  2. ↑ His character, Arlen Hird, is a composite character based on Alvah Bessie, Lester Cole, John Howard Lawson, Albert Maltz, and Samuel Ornitz.[76]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Parker, James (2 April 2012). "The Filthy Moralist: How the comedian Louis C.K. became America's unlikely conscience". The Atlantic. The Atlantic Monthly Group. Retrieved 19 August 2012. All of which suggests that Louis – born Louis Székely on September 12, 1967 – has struck a nerve.
  2. ↑ "Louis A Szekely - United States Public Records". FamilySearch. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 4 C.K., Louie; Rose, Lacey (8 April 2015). "Louis C.K.'s Crabby, Epic Love Letter to NYC: "Everyone's Dealing with the Same S— … Elbow to Elbow"". The Hollywood Reporter. Retrieved 9 April 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Haglund, David (9 May 2014). "Watch Louis C.K. Chat for Half an Hour About Comedy, Parenting, and Failure". Slate (Embedded Hulu video of Charlie Rose Show appearance). Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  5. ↑ "Louie (FX)". The Peabody Awards. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  6. 1 2 "Louis C.K.". Emmys. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  7. ↑ "Louis C.K. – Awards". Internet Movie Database. Retrieved 21 January 2014.
  8. ↑ Ciabattoni, Steve; Fear, David; Grierson, Tim; Love, Matthew; Murray, Noel; Tobias, Scott (2015-07-29). "Divine Comedy: 25 Best Stand-up Specials and Movies". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2015-09-30.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Knutzen, Eirik. "TV Close-Up: Louis C.K.". Copley News Service. Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
  10. ↑ "Louis C.K.: I'm an Accidental White Person". Rolling Stone. April 11, 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  11. ↑ Rahman, Ray (6 September 2013). "Monitor: September 13, 2013". Entertainment Weekly (1276). p. 28.
  12. 1 2 Vogel, Laura (27 May 2007). "Hot Seat: Louis C.K.". New York Post. Archived from the original on 25 April 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  13. 1 2 3 "June Wedding Was Held In Traverse City". The Owosso, (Mich.) Argus-Press. 27 June 1961. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  14. 1 2 3 Weiner, Jonah (December 22, 2011). "How Louis C.K. Became the Darkest, Funniest Comedian in America". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
  15. ↑ "Geza Székely Schweiger, "Mexico, Distrito Federal, Civil Registration, 1832-2005"". México, Distrito Federal, Registro Civil, 1832-2005. FamilySearch. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  16. 1 2 Opie & Anthony: Louis C.K. Explains...His Origin. YouTube. Retrieved 23 May 2012.
  17. 1 2 3 4 Gross, Terry (19 May 2014). "Louis C.K. On His 'Louie' Hiatus: 'I Wanted The Show To Feel New Again'". Fresh Air (Audio interview). NPR. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  18. ↑ Weiner, Jonah. "Louis CK Q&A". Jonah Weiner (Condensed and edited transcript of November 2011 Rolling Stone feature). Archived from the original on 20 June 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  19. ↑ "One-Man Show". New York Magazine. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
  20. ↑ Buhrmester, Jason (31 May 2011). "20Q: Louis C.K.". Playboy. Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  21. ↑ "Louis C.K. on Truth, Lies & Mexican Origins". The Tavis Smiley Show. YouTube. September 25, 2009. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
  22. ↑ Rolling Stone Staff (April 11, 2013). "Louis C.K.: I'm an Accidental White Person". Rolling Stone. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  23. 1 2 Hagan, Joe (2005). "Can HBO Save the Sitcom? Louis CK Says Yes". The New York Observer. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
  24. ↑ "Biography: Dr. Francisco Székely" (PDF). Ecologic Institute. 2004. Retrieved January 16, 2014.
  25. ↑ "Louis C.K. and Matt LeBlanc, way back when". Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  26. 1 2 3 CK, Louis. "Louis C.K.'s Bio". Louis C.K. Archived from the original on 13 April 2008. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  27. ↑ Bromley, Patrick. "Louis CK – Biography". About.com. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
  28. ↑ Nussbaum, Emily, "One-Man Show: No, really. Profane comic Louis C.K.’s unique experiment in television making", New York, 15 May 2011, web page 2. Retrieved 31 December 2012. The exchange and history were subsequently addressed in both Maron's 2013 memoir and an episode of Louie, per an 19 April 2013 Fresh Air interview with Maron. Audio of original podcast, from PRX (undated). Retrieved 29 April 2013.
  29. ↑ "Louis C.K. "I'm Doing Exactly What He Taught Me To Do"". Huffington Post. 6 September 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
  30. ↑ Deusner, Stephen M. (20 June 2011). "Interviews: Louis C.K.". Pitchfork. Pitchfork Media Inc. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  31. ↑ Rabin, Nathan (29 June 2010). "Louis C.K.". The A.V. Club. Retrieved 19 August 2010.
  32. 1 2 3 4 Gross, Terry (7 July 2010). "Comedian Louis C.K.: Finding Laughs Post-Divorce". Fresh Air (Transcript). NPR. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  33. ↑ Gross, Terry (13 December 2011). "Louis C.K. Reflects On 'Louie,' Loss, Love And Life". Fresh Air (Audio interview). NPR. Retrieved 25 May 2014.
  34. 1 2 C.K., Louis (21 December 2011). "Another Statement from Louis C.K.". Louis C.K. (blog). Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  35. ↑ Holiday, Ryan (1 May 2012). "Inside the Reddit AMA: The Interview Revolution That Has Everyone Talking". Forbes. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  36. ↑ Marche, Stephen (15 April 2013). "Louis C.K. Is Our New American Preacher". Esquire. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
  37. ↑ Zoller Seitz, Matt (30 January 2015). "'Louis C.K. Live at the Comedy Store' Is Loose With Flashes of Brilliance". Vulture. New York. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  38. ↑ Russell, Scott (August 11, 2015). "Pay What You Want for Louis C.K.'s New Live Album". Paste. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
  39. ↑ Fitz-Gerald, Sean (May 28, 2015). "How Louis C.K. Became a King of Comedy". Vulture. New York. Retrieved June 3, 2016.
  40. 1 2 "Television Academy Bios: Louis C.K.". Emmys. Academy of Television Arts & Sciences. 2011. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
  41. ↑ Haglund, David (January 7, 2014). "Louis C.K. Finally Releasing His First Movie". Slate. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
  42. ↑ Evans, Bradford (March 19, 2012). "The Short Films of Louis C.K". Spitslider. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
  43. ↑ Marantz, Andrew (7 February 2014). "Louis C.K.'s Motivating Anxiety". New Yorker. Condé Nast. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  44. ↑ "Louis C.K., Nick Offerman Co-Starred In 'Tuna The Movie' 13 Years Ago (VIDEO)". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  45. ↑ Tobias, Scott (23 July 2009). "The New Cult Canon: Pootie Tang". AV Club. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
  46. ↑ Raab, Scott (23 May 2011). "Louis C.K.: The ESQ+A". Esquire. Hearst Men's Network. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
  47. ↑ Molloy, Tim (16 January 2012). "Louis C.K. Talks 'Pootie Tang' – 'a Very Huge Mistake'". The Wrap. Retrieved 11 April 2013.
  48. ↑ Rabin, Nathan (February 25, 2004). "Pootie Tang: A Look Back With Director Louis C.K.". The A.V. Club. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
  49. ↑ Kennedy, Lisa (March 16, 2007). "It's hard to like "I Think I Love My Wife"". The Denver Post. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
  50. ↑ Marsh, Steve (29 June 2010). "Louis C.K. on the Importance of Acting Like an Asshole". Vulture. New York Magazine. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  51. ↑ French, Phillip. "Review: Welcome Home Roscoe Jenkins". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  52. ↑ Fitz-Gerald, Sean. "How Louis C.K. Became a King of Comedy". Vulture. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  53. ↑ "'Parks and Recreation': Louis C.K. Returns (PHOTOS)". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  54. ↑ Kettle, James. "Meet Louis CK: the nicest guy in massively offensive comedy". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  55. ↑ Itzkoff, Dave (August 20, 2009). "New Comedy Series for Louis C. K.". The New York Times. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
  56. ↑ Sepinwall, Alan (January 24, 2011). "Interview: 'Louie' creator/star Louis CK on season 1, drunken Sarah Palin tweets and more". HitFix.com. Retrieved March 20, 2016.
  57. ↑ Littleton, Cynthia (19 August 2009). "More laffs in FX lineup". Variety.
  58. ↑ Hibberd, James (28 July 2012). "FX renews 'Louie'". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 28 July 2012.
  59. ↑ Seitz, Matt Zoller (27 July 2012). "Seitz: Parker Posey Has Revealed the Even Greater Show Hiding Within Louie". Vulture. New York Magazine. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  60. 1 2 Seitz, Matt Zoller (31 December 2012). "Seitz: On Louie, 'New Year's Eve,' and Respecting the Mystery". Vulture. New York Magazine. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
  61. 1 2 Seitz, Matt Zoller (11 December 2012). "Matt Zoller Seitz's Favorite Comedy Episodes of 2012". Vulture. New York Magazine. Retrieved 24 May 2014.
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Bruno Mars		 Saturday Night Live host
November 3, 2012 		Succeeded by
Anne Hathaway
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Lena Dunham		 Saturday Night Live host
March 29, 2014 		Succeeded by
Anna Kendrick
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May 16, 2015 		Succeeded by
Miley Cyrus
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