Madonna videography

Madonna performing "Bitch I'm Madonna" during the Rebel Heart Tour (2015–2016). The music video for the song was complimented by Billboard for the singer taking onus of her "legacy". It also became Madonna's first video to cross 100 million views on video platform Vevo.^[1]

American entertainer Madonna has released 69 music videos, 10 concert tour videos, 4 music video compilations, 5 music video singles, 2 documentaries, 2 box sets, and 4 promotional videos. In 1982, Madonna signed a recording contract with Sire Records and released her first two singles before launching her eponymous debut album.^[2] Her first video to receive attention on MTV was "Borderline" which was followed by "Lucky Star".^[3] Together with the 1984 video for "Like a Virgin", Madonna's image and fashion became popular.^[4] With the "title track" from her third studio album True Blue (1986), Madonna's impact on MTV and popular music was established when a contest entitled Making My Video, was held to create a music video for the song.^[5] "La Isla Bonita" and "Who's That Girl", both released in 1987, showed Madonna's fascination with Hispanic culture and religious symbolism.^[6] In 1989, Madonna signed a $5 million deal with Pepsi to use her song "Like a Prayer" in one of their commercial advertisements. The video portrayed her dancing in front of burning crosses, receiving stigmata, kissing a black saint and having sex with him in a church altar. It faced strong reaction from religious groups and media.^[7] "Express Yourself" released the same year was critically appreciated for its positive feminist themes.^[8]

In 1990, Madonna released the video for the song "Vogue", showing the underground gay subculture dance routine called voguing, and the glamorous look of golden era Hollywood.^[9] Her subsequent releases all explored sexuality in them, including "Justify My Love" (1990) and "Erotica" (1992).^[10] Madonna faced backlash for the overtly sexual undertones portrayed in them. A toned down image of the singer appeared in the video for "Secret", lead single from her sixth studio album, Bedtime Stories (1994).^[11] "Bedtime Story", from the same album, showed a dream sequence, inspired by paintings of Frida Kahlo and Remedios Varo, while incorporating new age surrealistic images.^[12] In 1998, Madonna released her seventh studio album, Ray of Light. The music video for the lead single, "Frozen", ushered in a new image for her with the incorporation of Indian influences.^[13] The video for the title track was a high-speed one, portraying Japanese people going through their daily lives, interspersed with Madonna in black denim dancing to the music.^[14] Her incorporation of Asian culture continued with the video of "Nothing Really Matters" (1999) where she appeared as a geisha.^[15]

In 2000, Madonna released her eighth studio album, Music. The video for the title track featured her in the role of a glamorous cowgirl-cum-pimp.^[16] Violence and vandalism were the themes of subsequent few releases, "What It Feels Like for a Girl" (2001), "Die Another Day" (2002) and "American Life" (2003), the latter being pulled from release due to the Iraq war of 2003.^[17][18][19] "Hung Up", lead single from Confessions on a Dance Floor (2005) was a tribute to John Travolta and his movies.^[20] "4 Minutes", the lead single from Hard Candy (2008), portrayed her as a superhero tackling physical obstacles.^[21] Madonna's recent videos for "Celebration" (2009) and "Girl Gone Wild" (2012) were received favorably for paying homage to her past videos and a return to her dance roots.^[22][23]

Madonna's music videos are considered by critics as works of art. They have depicted controversial subjects such as teen pregnancy, racism, religion, sex, and violence. In their book, The Madonna Companion, authors Allen Metz and Carol Benson explained that more than any other pop star, Madonna had used MTV and music videos to establish her popularity and to enhance her recorded work.^[24] Madonna has been honored with 20 MTV Video Music Awards—the second most for any artist—including the lifetime achievement "Video Vanguard Award" in 1986.^[25] In 2003, MTV named her "The Greatest Music Video Star Ever" and said that "Madonna's innovation, creativity and contribution to the music video art form is what won her the award."^[26]

Music videos

1980s

Title	Year	Director(s)	Description	Ref.
"Everybody"	1982	Ed Steinberg	An in-house video featuring Madonna singing with a group of dancers against a neon-lit background	[27] [28]
"Burning Up"	1983	Steve Barron	The video portrays Madonna, in a white dress, writhing on a road, singing the song about her lover, who drives a car around.	[27] [29]
"Borderline"	1984	Mary Lambert	The video portrays Madonna as a young woman who is dancing in the streets when she catches the eye of a professional photographer. She leaves her boyfriend and goes with the photographer. After accidentally spray painting the photographer's car during a photo shoot, he yells at her and she returns to her boyfriend.	[27] [30]
"Lucky Star"	1984	Arthur Pierson	The video portrays Madonna in her boy-toy image, dancing in front of a white background, flanked by two dancers. One of the dancers is her brother, Christopher Ciccone, as it says so in his book, "Life With My Sister Madonna."	[27] [31]
"Like a Virgin"	1984	Mary Lambert	In the video, Madonna roams around the streets of Venice and through marble-pillared rooms wearing a white wedding dress; this clip is interspersed by images of a lion and a man wearing a lion mask. It faced negative reaction from family organizations and social workers, who complained that it promoted sex outside marriage and undermined family values, offering an unsavory image of Madonna as a whore.	[27] [32]
"Material Girl"	1985	Mary Lambert	Pictured as a video-within-a-video, Madonna sings the song dressed up in a pink sleeveless gown, flanked by boys in black coats. The video imitated Marilyn Monroe's version of "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend" from the 1953 film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes. The video and the song together culminated in Madonna's nickname as "material girl" in mainstream media.	[27] [33]
"Crazy for You"	1985	Harold Becker	The music video consists of scenes from the film, Vision Quest.	[27] [34]
"Into the Groove"	1985	Susan Seidelman	The music video consists of scenes from the film, Desperately Seeking Susan.	[27]
"Gambler"	1985	Harold Becker	The music video consists of scenes from the film, Vision Quest.	[27] [34]
"Dress You Up"	1985	Danny Kleinman	The music video consists of scenes from the live performance of the song on The Virgin Tour.	[27] [34]
"Live to Tell"	1986	James Foley	The video portrays Madonna with a new pale and subtle look, her shoulder-length hair is wavy and golden blond.[35] Footage from the movie At Close Range is interspersed, with Madonna appearing to speak for the character.	[36] [37]
"Papa Don't Preach"	1986	James Foley	In this video, Madonna adopts the gamine look portrayed by Shirley MacLaine and Audrey Hepburn during the 1950s.[38] She portrays a tomboy who wants to tell her father about her pregnancy. Interspersed with scenes of a sexier Madonna with a toned body, wearing a black bustier.	[36] [39]
"True Blue"	1986	James Foley	The American version from MTV's Make My Video Contest was directed by Ángel Gracia and Cliff Guest, where Madonna does not appear. The international release directed by Foley portrays Madonna and her friends in an all-blue diner.	[36] [40]
"Open Your Heart"	1986	Jean-Baptiste Mondino	The video pays homage to actresses Liza Minnelli and Marlene Dietrich. Madonna plays an exotic dancer in a peep-show club who befriends a little boy and escapes from there. The video was negatively received, because it portrays the entry of a child in a strip club.	[41] [42]
"La Isla Bonita"	1987	Mary Lambert	Madonna plays a woman living in a Spanish barrio. She portrays two characters: a boyishly-dressed Catholic woman and a colorful Flamenco dancer. The video portrays Madonna's fascination with Hispanic culture and the inclusion of religious symbolism.	[43]
"Who's That Girl"	1987	Peter Rosenthal	The video portrays Madonna dressed in Spanish style as a young lady in search of a treasure. It includes scenes from the film of the same name.	[44]
"Like a Prayer"	1989	Mary Lambert	The video portrays Madonna to be a witness of an interracial murder and goes to pray in a church. Various scenes like Madonna kissing a black saint, receiving stigmata, scantily dressed and dancing in front of burning crosses are shown. In the end, she helps to free the man who is falsely accused of murder. Religious groups protested that the video was a blasphemous use of Christian imagery. The Pope banned Madonna from appearing in Italy and urged a national boycott of Pepsi. The latter withdrew their contract with Madonna while letting her keep the $5 million.	[45] [7]
"Express Yourself"	1989	David Fincher	Inspired by the film Metropolis, the video portrays Madonna as the leader of a company, and later as a glamorous lady and chained masochist. Muscular men act as her workers. In the end, Madonna picks one of them to be her date. The music video for "Express Yourself" was the most expensive video at the time of its release with production cost of $5 million.	[46] [47]
"Cherish"	1989	Herb Ritts	Madonna plays on the beach with mermen and merchild. In the end she falls in love with one of the mermen.	[48]
"Dear Jessie"	1989	Derek Hayes	An animated video featuring Madonna as an animated fairy. The video was released only outside the United States.	[49]
"Oh Father"	1989	David Fincher	A black-and-white video portraying the death scene of a young mother and the tempestuous relationship that ensues between the husband and the daughter. Years later Madonna, as the grown-up daughter, reconciles with the father at the woman's grave.	[50]

1990s

Title	Year	Director(s)	Description	Ref.
"Vogue"	1990	David Fincher	Black-and-white video recreating the glamorous look of old Hollywood with men in suits and Madonna dressed in gowns. It also displays the dance form called vogue. The video was praised for making the sex and gender roles ambiguous in its portrayal of people, and for bringing an underground culture in the mainstream limelight.	[9] [51]
"Justify My Love"	1990	Jean-Baptiste Mondino	Black-and-white video portraying Madonna coming to a hotel room to satisfy her sexual fantasy. Scenes of sadomasochism, voyeurism and bisexuality are also portrayed. Critics were polarized over the video's content with some of them applauding Madonna's boldness while others took the brazenness of the video negatively. Madonna called the video "a celebration of sex". She released the video as a video single and it went on to become the best-selling music video single of all time, earning a four-times platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America.	[52] [53]
"This Used to Be My Playground"	1992	Alek Keshishian	The video is a walk-through of Madonna singing about the old days, as the viewer flips through a photo album which feature moving images of a singing Madonna as well as images from the film A League of Their Own.	[54]
"Erotica"	1992	Fabien Baron	Madonna is portrayed as a masked dominatrix with a golden tooth and a whip. Montages of sexual imagery are shown that are shot during the photography of Madonna's Sex book. It is a montage of sexually charged images, designed to shock the audience. MTV put the video into heavy rotation, but only after midnight.	[10]
"Deeper and Deeper"	1992	Bobby Woods	Madonna portrays Warhol protégé Edie Sedgwick. She goes to a disco and looks for something which ends with a man releasing the balloons she is carrying. Interspersed with scenes of Madonna being photographed and she and her friends watching a man dancing in underwear.	[55]
"Bad Girl"	1993	David Fincher	The video opens and closes with shots of a murdered Madonna, who, having lived a life of promiscuous sex, presumably joins her dead lover and guardian angel, portrayed by actor Christopher Walken.	[56]
"Fever"	1993	Stéphane Sednaoui[27]	The video portrays Madonna as a Balinese idol with red hair and another shot of her being silver painted. Interspersed with scenes of a man in thongs, his body painted gold.	[57]
"Rain"	1993	Mark Romanek	The video portrays Madonna with short cropped, black hair, recording the song in a studio. Interspersed with scenes of Madonna kissing a man behind a glass on which water falls. Critical appreciation came for the music video, whose technical brilliance was awarded at the 1993 MTV Video Music Awards.	[58] [59]
"I'll Remember"	1994	Alek Keshishian	Madonna singing the song in a recording studio, while being directed by an androgynous version of herself. Interspersed with clips from the film With Honors.	[60]
"Secret"	1994	Melodie McDaniel	Black-and-white video featuring Madonna as a blues singer singing in a club. Scenes of rebirth, transvestites and damnation are interspersed with Madonna walking down a street to her home.	[11]
"Take a Bow"	1994	Michael Haussman	Madonna portrays the mistress of a Spanish bullfighter. Their affair ends after Madonna is being abused by the fighter. Religious imagery forms the backbone of the video.	[61]
"Bedtime Story"	1995	Mark Romanek	A surreal dream sequence arising from some sort of controlled experiment on a prostrate Madonna, lying in a blue spaceship-like room. The production cost of the video was $5 million, making it one of the costliest videos. The video was honored as a permanent collection in New York's Museum of Modern Art in 1996.	[62] [63] [64]
"Human Nature"	1995	Jean-Baptiste Mondino	Madonna and her dancers in front of a white background, wearing black, PVC catsuits, perform a number of S&M-inspired dance moves.	[62]
"I Want You" (featuring Massive Attack)	1995	Earle Sebastian	Madonna in an apartment and on a bed, longing for whomever, but not daring to phone him. A very slow b/w-video. Madonna's only video to date for a non-single song.	[62]
"You'll See"	1995	Michael Haussman	Sequel to the music video of "Take a Bow". Madonna leaves the bullfighter but he still chases her around the world. Ultimately she sets herself free from him.	[61]
"Love Don't Live Here Anymore"	1996	Jean-Baptiste Mondino	Single-shot sepia-colored video showing Madonna in the middle of an empty suite of an abandoned hotel.	[65]
"You Must Love Me"	1996	Alan Parker	Madonna was pregnant with her daughter Lourdes at the time of shooting the video. Her stomach was hidden behind a piano in the video.	[34]
"Don't Cry for Me Argentina"	1996	Alan Parker	The music video for "Don't Cry for Me Argentina" is an excerpt from the film Evita.	[34]
"Another Suitcase in Another Hall"	1996	Alan Parker	The music video for "Another Suitcase in Another Hall" is an excerpt from the film Evita.	[34]
"Frozen"	1998	Chris Cunningham	An all-blue video shot in the middle of Mojave Desert. Dressed in black clothing from head to foot, her long hair colored black and straight and mehndi on her hands, Madonna portrays a mystical creature and a witchy persona who sometimes turns into a dog, sometimes into a bird and sometimes levitates from the ground.	[66]
"Ray of Light"	1998	Jonas Åkerlund	A high-speed video, showing ordinary people doing their daily routines. In between Madonna, dressed in casual jeans and flowing golden hair, dances to the song, ultimately falling asleep on a dance floor. It won the Video of the Year award at the 1998 MTV Video Music Awards.	[61] [14]
"Drowned World/Substitute for Love"	1998	Walter Stern	Portrays Madonna running away from the paparazzi in a car. After reaching home she takes her daughter in her arms.	[56]
"The Power of Good-Bye"	1998	Matthew Rolston	Madonna and her lover play chess, and Madonna wins. After her lover reprimands her, Madonna goes out to the beach and starts walking along the shore, where she possibly commits suicide.	[67]
"Nothing Really Matters"	1999	Johan Renck	Japanese-themed video, featuring Madonna as a geisha wearing a red kimono and white clad Swedes of Asian heritage performing butoh dance moves.	[15]
"Beautiful Stranger"	1999	Brett Ratner	Shot for the film, Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me (1999), the video features Madonna dancing in a club and actor Mike Myers as Austin Power trying to seduce her; his plan ultimately backfiring.	[68]

2000s

Title	Year	Director(s)	Description	Ref.
"American Pie"	2000	Philip Stolzl	Madonna sings the song in front of a giant Flag of the United States. Interspersed with scenes which are characteristic of the American life. Actor Rupert Everett makes an appearance.	[69]
"Music"	2000	Jonas Åkerlund	Madonna and her friends board a limousine which takes them to a strip-club and disco. The strippers are brought over in the limousine by Madonna and her friends. An animated section is present where Madonna fights with some goons.	[70]
"Don't Tell Me"	2000	Jean-Baptiste Mondino	The video shows Madonna walking on a conveyor belt in front of a video screen where cowboys are shown dancing. They join Madonna in front of the screen near the end of the video.	[71]
"What It Feels Like for a Girl"	2001	Guy Ritchie	Madonna picks up an old woman from an old-age home and speeds down the streets with her in a car. While driving she commits a number of crimes, including theft, destruction of property and murder. The video was banned in the United States for being too violent. The audio used in the video is the Above & Beyond remix instead of the original album version.	[17]
"Die Another Day"	2002	Traktor	Features a heavily-beat-up Madonna being brought to be executed in a gas chamber. Interspersed with scenes of a white-dressed and black-dressed Madonna sword fighting. In the end Madonna escapes from the execution. The former's video was the second most expensive video, production cost being around $6 million.	[72] [18]
"American Life"	2003	Jonas Åkerlund	Original video showed Madonna among military-garbed models at a fashion show. Interspersed with shots of the catwalk was footage of explosions and planes dropping bombs. The video ends with Madonna throwing what appears to be a grenade into the lap of a George W. Bush lookalike. Madonna had initially claimed that the video was non-specific and anti-war. However, before its premiere on music channels in March 2003, Madonna cancelled the release and issued a statement saying that, "I do not believe that it is appropriate to air it [the video] at this time. Due to the volatile state of the world and out of sensitivity and respect for the armed forces, who I support and pray for, I do not want to risk offending anyone who might misinterpret the meaning of this video." Because of this, Madonna released the edited version of the video that features her singing in front of the world's flags.	[73] [19]
"Hollywood"	2003	Jean-Baptiste Mondino	Madonna portrays some of Hollywood's former actresses and the upheaval of a glamorous life.	[74]
"Me Against the Music" (Britney Spears featuring Madonna)	2003	Paul Hunter	Britney Spears and Madonna are shown in a club, playing opposite characters with Britney in the dark and Madonna in the white. A cat-and-mouse like chase ensues; Spears catches up to Madonna in the end.	[75]
"Love Profusion"	2003	Luc Besson	Madonna walks on the sky and on the water with fairies, fishes, flowers and clouds surrounding her.	[76]
"Hung Up"	2005	Johan Renck	The video portrays Madonna clad in a pink leotard dancing alone in a ballet studio and concludes at a gaming parlour where she dances with her backup troupe. Interspersed are scenes of people displaying their dancing skills in a variety of settings.	[20]
"Sorry"	2006	Jamie King	A continuation from the "Hung Up" music video. Madonna and her troupe go around the town in a white van and dance in a skating arena.	[77]
"Get Together"	2006	Logan	The video shows Madonna singing the song among graphical visuals portraying volcanoes erupting and a cityscape.	[78]
"Jump"	2006	Jonas Åkerlund	The video features Madonna in a blond bob wig and singing the song in front of several neon signs. The video also features dancers performing the physical discipline parkour.	[79]
"4 Minutes" (featuring Justin Timberlake and Timbaland)	2008	Jonas & François	Madonna and Timberlake sing and run away from a giant black screen that devours everything in its path. At the end of the video, Madonna and Timberlake are consumed by the screen.	.[21]
"Give It 2 Me"	2008	Tom Munro Nathan Rissman	Madonna in retro-makeup look dancing in a photography studio in various garments. Cameo appearance by Pharrell Williams.	[80]
"Miles Away"	2008	Nathan Rissman	Live footage from the Sticky & Sweet Tour in Buenos Aires, mostly footage of the fans and stadium before and during the show. Originally unreleased, but finally included on the Celebration: The Video Collection DVD.	[81]
"Celebration"	2009	Jonas Åkerlund	A simple dance video featuring Madonna and her dancers doing the popping and locking style of dancing against black-and-white backgrounds. The audio used in the video is the Benny Benassi remix instead of the original album version.	[22]

2010s

Title	Year	Director(s)	Description	Ref.
"Give Me All Your Luvin'" (featuring Nicki Minaj and M.I.A.)	2012	Megaforce	The video shows Nicki Minaj and M.I.A (who are featured in the song), in cheerleader outfits cheering on Madonna, who wears a black outfit for most of the video. It then leads into a scene where Madonna, Minaj, and M.I.A are all dressed as Marilyn Monroe.	[82] [83]
"Girl Gone Wild"	2012	Mert and Marcus	The black-and-white video opens with Madonna with a retro-glam look, followed by scenes of her against a stark white background, erotic scenes with shirtless / nude male models (Sean O'Pry, Simon Nessman, Jon Kortajarena), and a dance sequence with heeled male dancers (Kazaky).	[84] [85]
"Turn Up the Radio"	2012	Tom Munro	After a successful escape from the paparazzi, Madonna rides through Florence, Italy, picking up the best looking men on the roadside.	[86]
"Living for Love"	2015	J.A.C.K.	Madonna dressed as a bullfighter performs a battle inspired choreography where she confronts and tames a number of male minotaurs.	[87]
"Ghosttown"	2015	Jonas Åkerlund	Set in a post-nuclear destroyed city, the video shows Madonna as a survivor searching through the destruction, when she meets another man, played by actor Terence Howard.	[88]
"Bitch I'm Madonna" (featuring Nicki Minaj)	2015	Jonas Åkerlund	The "one-shot" colorful music video shows Madonna in a party, dancing and interacting with the partygoers. Many celebrities appear in the video, some in the real footage (Rita Ora, Diplo, Chris Rock, Alexander Wang and Madonna sons Rocco and David), while others (Katy Perry, Miley Cyrus, Beyoncé and Kanye West) were added separately. Nicki Minaj appears on a screen at the party while she's rapping.	[89]

Video albums

Concert tour videos

Title	Year	Production details	Notes	Ref.
Madonna Live: The Virgin Tour	1985	Released: November 1985 Studio: Boy Toy, Inc. Label: Warner Music Video Format: VHS · Laserdisc	Contains The Virgin Tour as shot live in Detroit, Michigan, 1985 in support of her second studio album Like a Virgin. The video was certified two-times multi-platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 200,000 units in the United States.	[90] [91]
Who's That Girl: Live in Japan	1987	Released: June 1987 Studio: Boy Toy, Inc. Label: Warner-Pioneer Japan · Warner Reprise Video Format: VHS · Laserdisc	Contains the TV special of the same name, recorded during the Who's That Girl World Tour live from Tokyo, Japan, 1987. It was a Japan-only release and was used as a cross-promotion for Mitsubishi Electronics, as Madonna had starred in television commercials in that country.	[92]
Ciao Italia: Live from Italy	1988	Released: June 1988 Studio: Boy Toy, Inc. Label: Warner Reprise Video Format: VHS · Laserdisc · DVD · VCD	Contains a date filmed on the Who's That Girl World Tour live from Italy in 1987, which was originally broadcast as a TV special entitled Madonna in Concerto. It was certified two-times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 200,000 units in the United States.	[91] [93]
Blond Ambition: Japan Tour 90	1990	Released: July 1990 Studio: Music Guide, Inc. Label: Warner-Pioneer Japan Format: VHS · Laserdisc	Contains the TV special from Blond Ambition World Tour, shot live from Yokohama, Japan in 1990. It was broadcast and released commercially in Japan only.	[94]
Blond Ambition World Tour Live	1990	Released: December 1990 Studio: Boy Toy, Inc. Label: Pioneer Artists Format: Laserdisc	Contains the HBO special, Live! Madonna: Blond Ambition World Tour 90, filmed in Nice, France in August 1990. It was available on the Laserdisc format only and released exclusively by Pioneer Electronics, the sponsors of the Blond Ambition World Tour.	[95]
The Girlie Show: Live Down Under	1994	Released: April 1994 Studio: Music Tours, Inc. Label: Warner Reprise Video · Warner Music Vision Format: VHS · DVD · Laserdisc · VCD	Contains the HBO special Madonna Live Down Under: The Girlie Show broadcast from Sydney Cricket Ground in 1993 during The Girlie Show World Tour. It was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry for shipment of 50,000 units in the United Kingdom,> and gold by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 50,000 units in the United States.	[91] [96] [97]
Drowned World Tour 2001	2001	Released: November 2001 Studio: Cream Cheese Films, Tadpole Films Label: Warner Reprise Video · Warner Music Vision Format: VHS · DVD · VCD	Contains the HBO special Madonna: Live! Drowned World Tour 2001, shot live from The Palace of Auburn Hills in Detroit during the Drowned World Tour in August 2001. The DVD release included a photo gallery and on-screen song lyrics as special features. It was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry for shipment of 50,000 units in the United Kingdom, and platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 100,000 units in the United States.	[91] [96] [98]
The Confessions Tour	2007	Released: January 2007 Studio: Semtex Films Label: Warner Bros. Format: CD+DVD · DVD · Digital download	Contains the Confessions Tour, shot live from London, England, in 2006. Debuted at fifteen on the Billboard 200 on the issue dated February 2, 2007.	[99]
Sticky & Sweet Tour	2010	Released: March 2010 Studio: Semtex Films Label: Warner Bros. Format: CD+DVD · Blu-ray · Blu-ray+CD · Digital download	Contains the Sticky & Sweet Tour, shot live from River Plate Stadium, Buenos Aires in December 2008. Debuted at ten on the Billboard 200, becoming Madonna's 19th top-ten album.	[100]
MDNA World Tour	2013	Released: September 2013 Studio: Semtex Films Label: Live Nation · Interscope Format: 2CD · DVD · DVD+2CD · Blu-ray · Digital download	Contains the concert special of The MDNA Tour originally aired on Epix in the United States on June 22, 2013. The show was directed by Danny B. Tull and Stephane Sennour and produced by Madonna.	[101] [102]

Tour documentaries

Title	Year	Production details	Notes	Ref.
Truth or Dare (aka In Bed with Madonna)	1991	Released: March 1991 Studio: Boy Toy, Inc. · Miramax Films · Dino de Laurentiis Label: LIVE · Artisan · Video Collection · MGM · Lionsgate Format: VHS · Laserdisc · VCD · DVD · Blu-ray	Documentary following the 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour. Includes live performances of "Express Yourself", "Oh Father", "Like a Virgin", "Live to Tell", "Holiday", "Vogue" and "Keep It Together". In the UK an additional VHS "15" certificate, edited version of In Bed with Madonna was released in November 1991, to allow younger teenagers to watch it. A Blu-ray version of the film was released in North America on April 3, 2012. It was certified Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry for shipment of 50,000 units in the United Kingdom.	[96] [103] [104] [105]
I'm Going to Tell You a Secret	2006	Released: June 2006 Studio: Maverick Films · River Road · Lucky Lou Label: Warner Bros. · Warner Music Vision Format: CD+DVD · DVD+CD · Digital download	Documentary following the 2004 Re-Invention World Tour, originally broadcast by MTV on October 21, 2005. The DVD release included an extra six minutes footage and it also included a live CD album. The album debuted at number 33 on the Billboard 200 and was nominated for a Grammy Award at the 2007 show in the category of Best Long Form Music Video. It was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry for shipment of 25,000 units in the United Kingdom.	[96] [106] [107]

Music video compilations

Title	Year	Production details	Notes	Ref.
Madonna	1984	Released: November 1984 Label: Warner Music Video Format: VHS · Laserdisc	Includes the music videos of "Burning Up", "Lucky Star", "Borderline" and "Like a Virgin". Madonna was the top-selling music video cassette of 1985. It was certified two times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 100,000 units in the United States.	[91] [108]
The Immaculate Collection	1990	Released: November 1990 Label: Warner Reprise Video · Warner Music Vision Format: VHS · Laserdisc · DVD · VCD	Includes the music videos for "Lucky Star", "Borderline", "Like a Virgin", "Material Girl", "Papa Don't Preach", "Open Your Heart", "La Isla Bonita", "Like a Prayer", "Express Yourself", "Cherish", "Oh Father", "Vogue" and its live performance from the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards. It was certified platinum by the British Phonographic Industry for shipment of 50,000 units in the United Kingdom, and three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 300,000 copies.	[91] [96] [109]
The Video Collection 93:99	1999	Released: October 1999 Label: Warner Reprise Video · Warner Music Vision Format: VHS · DVD · VCD	Includes the music videos for "Bad Girl", "Fever", "Rain", "Secret", "Take a Bow", "Bedtime Story", "Human Nature", "Love Don't Live Here Anymore", "Frozen", "Ray of Light", "Drowned World", "Power of Goodbye", "Nothing Really Matters" and "Beautiful Stranger". It was certified two-times platinum by the British Phonographic Industry for shipment of 100,000 units in the United Kingdom, and platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 100,000 units in the United States.	[91] [96] [110]
Celebration: The Video Collection	2009	Released: September 2009 Label: Warner Bros. Format: DVD · Digital download	DVD containing 47 music videos, released alongside the Celebration compilation album. It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 100,000 units in the United States.	[91] [111]

Box sets

Title	Year	Production details	Notes	Ref.
The Ultimate Collection	2000	Released: September 2000 Label: Warner Reprise Video · Warner Music Vision Format: VHS · DVD	UK only box set includes the video release of The Immaculate Collection and The Video Collection 93:99. Released in both VHS and DVD box sets. It was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry for shipment of 25,000 units in the United Kingdom.	[96] [112]
The Madonna Collection	2000	Released: September 2000 Label: Warner Reprise Video · Warner Music Vision Format: VHS	UK only VHS box set includes Madonna Live: The Virgin Tour, The Immaculate Collection and The Girlie Show: Live Down Under.	[113]

Promotional videos

Title	Year	Production details	Notes	Ref.
It's That Girl	1987	Released: September 1987 Label: Sire · WEA Records UK Format: VHS · Cassette	UK-only 14 track promotional instore compilation to accompany the Who's That Girl World Tour". Includes the music videos: "Holiday" (1984 Top of the Pops performance), "Lucky Star", "Like a Virgin", "Material Girl", "Into the Groove", "Angel", "Dress You Up" (Live), "Borderline", "Live to Tell", "Papa Don't Preach", "True Blue" (Remix), "Open Your Heart" (Remix), "La Isla Bonita" (Remix) and "Who's That Girl".	[114]
She's Breathless	1990	Released: July 1990 Label: Sire · WEA Records UK Format: VHS · Cassette	UK-only 18 track promotional compilation to accompany the 1990 Blond Ambition World Tour. Includes the music videos: "Like a Virgin", "Material Girl", "Into the Groove", "Angel", "Dress You Up" (Live), "Borderline" (Edit), "Live to Tell" (Edit without gun-scene), "Papa Don't Preach", "True Blue", "Open Your Heart" (Remix), "La Isla Bonita" (Remix), "Who's That Girl", "Causing a Commotion" (Live from Italy), "Like a Prayer", "Express Yourself", "Cherish", "Dear Jessie" and "Vogue".	[115]
Rays of Light	1999	Released: 1999 Label: Maverick · Warner Music UK. Format: VHS	UK-only promotional compilation which includes the music videos for the five singles from Ray of Light.	[116]
GHV2	2001	Released: November 2001 Label: Maverick · Warner Music UK Format: VHS	UK-only promotional instore video including "Music" remix video to promote GHV2. Artwork also refers to the album being named Greatest Hits – The Second Coming, its original title.	[117]

Video singles

Title	Year	Production details	Notes	Ref.
"Justify My Love"	1990	Released: December 1990 Label: Warner Music Vision Format: VHS	Music video of "Justify My Love" and "Vogue" performed live at the 1990 MTV Video Music Awards. It was certified four times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipment of 400,000 copies of the single. The video has sold 440,000 copies and is the best-selling music video single of all time.	[91] [118] [53]
"Ray of Light"	1998	Released: June 1998 Label: Warner Music Vision Format: VHS	Special Limited Edition music video for "Ray of Light". It sold 7,381 copies in its first week.	[53]
"Music"	2000	Released: September 2000 Label: Warner Music Vision Format: DVD	Music video for "Music". It was certified gold by both the Recording Industry Association of America and the British Phonographic Industry.	[91] [96]
"What It Feels Like for a Girl"	2001	Released: April 2001 Label: Warner Music Vision Format: VHS · DVD	Music video for "What It Feels Like for a Girl".	[17]
"Music" / "Nobody Knows Me" (Live)	2006	Released: June 2006 Label: Warner Bros. Format: Digital download	Live music video of "Music" and "Nobody Knows Me" from the 2004 Re-Invention World Tour. The video single was released on iTunes Store to promote documentary I'm Going to Tell You a Secret.	[119]

See also

• Madonna albums discography
• Madonna singles discography
• List of most expensive music videos

References

Footnotes

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6. Fouz-Hernández & Jarman-Ivens 2004, p. 67
7. Hand, John (March 5, 2009). "Madonna's banned advert". BBC. Retrieved December 16, 2009.
8. Taraborrelli 2002, p. 56
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10. Taraborrelli 2002, p. 227
11. Miklitsch 1998, p. 124
12. Fouz-Hernández & Jarman-Ivens 2004, p. 56
13. Metz & Benson 1999, p. 168
14. Cardwell, Annette (September 12, 1998). "Madonna's 'Ray of Light' shines at MTV awards". Boston Herald. Retrieved December 9, 2009.
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51. Metz & Benson 1999, p. 283
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55. Guilbert 2002, p. 69
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58. Meyers 1999, p. 326
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62. Clerk 2002, p. 132
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Sources

• Allen, Robert Clyde (1987), Channels of discourse: television and contemporary criticism, Routledge, ISBN 0-416-07082-5
• Bego, Mark (2000), Madonna: blonde ambition, Cooper Square Press, ISBN 0-8154-1051-4
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• Dirks, Nicholas B.; Eley, Geoff; Ortner, Sherry B. (1994), Culture/power/history: a reader in contemporary social theory, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-02102-3
• Fouz-Hernández, Santiago; Jarman-Ivens, Freya (2004), Madonna's Drowned Worlds, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., ISBN 0-7546-3372-1
• Guilbert, Georges-Claude (2002), Madonna as postmodern myth, McFarland, ISBN 0-7864-1408-1
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• Mansour, David (2005), From Abba to Zoom: A Pop Culture Encyclopedia of the Late 20th Century, Andrews McMeel Publishing, ISBN 0-7407-5118-2
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• Meyers, Marian (1999), Mediated women: representations in popular culture, University of Virginia, ISBN 1-57273-239-3
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External links

• Yahoo! Most Memorable Madonna moments