Mahadhammaraza Dipadi

Mahadhammaraza Dipadi မဟာဓမ္မရာဇာဓိပတိ
King of Burma
Reign	14 November 1733 – 22 March 1752
Coronation	8 January 1735
Predecessor	Taninganway
Successor	Alaungpaya

Born	c. 29 March 1714 Thursday, c. Full moon of Late Tagu 1075 ME^{[note 1]} Ava (Inwa)
Died	13 October 1754^[1] (aged 40) Sunday, 12th waxing of Thadingyut 1116 ME near Pegu (Bago)
Consort	Maha Zaneinda Dipadi Dewi Maha Yaza Dipadi Dewi Maha Dipadi Dewi
House	Toungoo
Father	Taninganway
Mother	Thiri Maha Mingala Dewi^[2]
Religion	Theravada Buddhism

Maha Dhammaraza Dipati (Burmese: မဟာ ဓမ္မရာဇာ ဓိပတိ, pronounced: [məhà dəma̰jàzà dḭpədḭ]; 1714–1754), was the last king of Toungoo dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) from 1733 to 1752. The young king inherited a kingdom already in severe decline, and his inexperience only made the decline faster, finally resulting in the end of House of Toungoo and the collapse of the kingdom over his 18-year reign.^[3]

Early life

The future king was born to Prince Taninganway and his chief queen Thiri Maha Mingala Dewi. He was the fifth child and fourth son of the couple. He was given Singu in fief in his youth. He became the heir presumptive because all three elder brothers died young.^[2] He was made the heir apparent on 6 May 1727 (1st waning of Kason 1089 ME).^[4]

Reign

Five years into his reign, the armies of Manipur invaded and plundered the northern Burmese provinces. The Burmese were unable to suppress them.

Since the move of capital from Pegu to Ava by King Thalun in 1635, Pegu had become the rallying point for the Mon revival and insurgency. The Burmese governors were readily hatred due to heavy corrupted taxation. Taking the advantage of weak royal authority after the Manipur invasions, a Burmese governor rebelled and proclaimed himself the King of Pegu in 1740. The Mons, unwilling to have a Burmese king in Pegu, rioted and murdered the new king. Mahadhammaraza Dipati then installed his uncle as the new governor of Pegu.

Yet the Mons were still unsatisfied and went on to kill Burmese officials in Pegu. The king was then enraged at the Mons and ordered a massacre of the Mons at Pegu. The Gwe Shans (the Shans who were taken as captives from their northern homelands to Pegu by King Bayinnaung in the 16th century) took this opportunity to stage their own rebellion. The Shan armies with supports from the Mons took Pegu in 1740. A popular monk of Shan origin was proclaimed Gwe Min the King of Pegu.

As Ava was largely distracted by another Manipur invasion. The Peguan armies invaded Prome and Ava but failed. They were able to take Toungoo. Thado Minkhaung, the viceroy of Prome and Mahadhammaraza Dipati’s brother, hurried south and took Syriam but was soon repelled. Prome eventually fell to the Mons in 1745. The Mons tried to take Ava again without success.

In 1747, Binnya Dala was proclaimed the King of Pegu. The two sides were unable to overcome each other until 1751 when the crown prince of Pegu (Binnya Dala’s brother) marched the Peguan armies into Upper Irrawaddy and laid siege on Sagaing and Ava. Ava fell to the Mons on 22 March 1752 (Wednesday, 8th waxing of Late Tagu 1113 ME) and Maha Dhammaraza Dipati was taken as captive down to Pegu.^[5] Mahadhammaraza Dipati had survived for another two years before being executed in 1754 due to a suspected rebellion.

Notes

↑ The chronicle Zatadawbon Yazawin (Zata 1960: 48) says he was born on a Thursday in 1075 ME (12 April 1713 to 11 April 1714), and lost the throne at age 37 (38th year). According to Hmannan Yazawin (Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 392, 395), he lost power on Wednesday, 8th waxing of Late Tagu 1113 ME (22 March 1752) at age 37 (38th year). It means, he must have been born after 8th waxing of Late Tagu 1075 ME, on either of the remaining two Thursdays of 1075 ME--full moon of Late Tagu (29 March 1714) or 7th waning of Late Tagu (5 April 1714).

References

↑ Sunday, 12th waning of Thadingyut = 13 October [O.S. 2 October] 1733
1 2 Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 364
↑ Htin Aung 1967: 152–156
↑ Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 362
↑ Hmannan Vol. 3 2003: 392–395

Bibliography

Htin Aung, Maung (1967). A History of Burma. New York and London: Cambridge University Press.
Royal Historians of Burma (c. 1680). U Hla Tin (Hla Thamein), ed. Zatadawbon Yazawin (1960 ed.). Historical Research Directorate of the Union of Burma.
Royal Historical Commission of Burma (1829–1832). Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). 1–3 (2003 ed.). Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.

Regnal titles
Mahadhammaraza Dipadi Toungoo Dynasty Born: c. 29 March 1714 Died: 13 October 1754
Preceded by Taninganway	King of Burma 14 November 1733 – 22 March 1752	Succeeded by Alaungpaya
Preceded by Taninganway	Heir to the Burmese Throne 6 May 1727 – 14 November 1733	Succeeded by Naungdawgyi

Burmese monarchs

Pagan Dynasty 849–1297	Pyinbya Tannet Sale Theinhko Nyaung-u Sawrahan Kunhsaw Kyaunghpyu Kyiso Sokkate Anawrahta Sawlu Kyansittha Sithu I Narathu Naratheinkha Sithu II Htilominlo Naratheinga Uzana¹ Kyaswa Uzana Narathihapate Kyawswa²

Myinsaing and Pinya Kingdoms 1297–1364	Athinkhaya¹, Yazathingyan¹ and Thihathu¹ Thihathu Uzana I Sithu¹ Kyawswa I Kyawswa II Narathu Uzana II

Sagaing Kingdom 1315–1364	Saw Yun Tarabya I Anawrahta I Kyaswa Anawrahta II Tarabya II Minbyauk Thihapate

Ava Kingdom 1364–1555	Thado Minbya Swa Saw Ke Tarabya Minkhaung I Thihathu Min Hla Kale Kyetaungnyo Mohnyin Thado Minye Kyawswa I Narapati I Thihathura Minkhaung II and Thihathura II Narapati II Sawlon³ and Thohanbwa³ Hkonmaing³ Narapati III³ Narapati IV³

Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1287–1539, 1550–1552	Wareru Hkun Law Saw O Saw Zein Zein Pun Saw E Binnya E Law Binnya U Razadarit Binnya Dhammaraza Binnya Ran I Binnya Waru Binnya Kyan Leik Munhtaw Shin Sawbu Dhammazedi Binnya Ran II Takayutpi Smim Sawhtut⁴ Smim Htaw⁴

Mrauk U Kingdom 1429–1785	Saw Mon Khayi Ba Saw Phyu Dawlya Ba Saw Nyo Ran Aung Salingathu Raza Gazapati Saw O Thazata Minkhaung Min Bin Dikkha Saw Hla Sekkya Phalaung Razagyi Khamaung Thiri Thudhamma Sanay Narapati Thado Sanda Thudhamma Thiri Thuriya Wara Dhammaraza Muni Thudhammaraza Sanda Thuriya I Nawrahta Mayuppiya Kalamandat Naradipati Sanda Wimala I Sanda Thuriya II Sanda Wizaya Sanda Thuriya III Naradipati II Narapawara Sanda Wizala Madarit Nara Apaya Thirithu Sanda Parama Apaya Sanda Thumana Sanda Wimala II Sanda Thaditha Maha Thammada

Prome Kingdom 1482–1542	Thado Minsaw Bayin Htwe Narapati⁵ Minkhaung⁵

Toungoo Dynasty 1510–1752	Mingyi Nyo Tabinshwehti Bayinnaung Nanda Nyaungyan Anaukpetlun Minye Deibba Thalun Pindale Pye Narawara Minye Kyawhtin Sanay Taninganway Mahadhammaraza Dipadi

Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom 1740–1757	Smim Htaw Buddhaketi Binnya Dala

Konbaung Dynasty 1752–1885	Alaungpaya Naungdawgyi Hsinbyushin Singu Phaungka Bodawpaya Bagyidaw Tharrawaddy Pagan Mindon Thibaw

¹Regent or Co-Regent ²Mongol vassal (1297) ³Confederation of Shan States (1527–55) ⁴Brief revival (1550–52) ⁵Vassal of Confederation of Shan States (1532–42)

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