Makasib

Kitab ul-Makasib or Makasib (Arabic: كتاب المكاس‎, lit. 'Transactions'‎) is a two-volume Twelver Shi'ah legal manual of Islamic commercial law written by Morteza Ansari on Fiqh.[1][2] It remains a key textbook in the modern Hawza[3][4] and has been the subject of numerous commentaries.[5][6] Makasib and the notable work of Akhund Khorasani ,Kefayah al-Osul, are taught in advanced classes at the seminaries as the main text on the methodology of law.[7] This book is one of the resources of the exam of Assembly of Experts.[8]

Author

Sheikh Morteza Ansari (1781, Dezful – 1864, Najaf) was one of the most influential Shia scholars of the 19th century,[2] and he trained over a thousand students.[9] He was the leading Shia scholar in the late Qajar period.[10] After Muhammad Hasan al-Najafi, Ansari became the general Marja' of Shia.[5] Two of his most significant works are Makasib and Faraed al-Osul. These works are currently used as textbooks on Shia law.[11]

Concept of the book

This book has three sections: the first section is about forbidden transactions (Arabic: مکاسب المحرمه‎‎), the second is about sale (Arabic: بیع‎‎) and the last section is about options in the sale (Arabic: خیارات‎‎). The end of the book is devoted to some other issues, such as Taqiya, inheritance and rada.[12]

Commentaries

Makasib has been the subject of commentaries by Sheikh Abbas Qomi,[13] Akhund Khorasani,[14] Muhammad Hossein Naini,[15] Agha Zia Addin Araghi,[16] Mirza Abu'l-Hassan Azarbaijani Meshkini,[17] and Sheikh Mousavi Khansari.[18]

Editions

The first edition of book has been completed in Tehran, 1886–7. The second has been compeleted in Qom,1980 and the late and popular (incomplete) edition is written by Muḥammad Kalāntar in 5 volums in Najaf 1972–5.[19]

Corrections

There are many corrections made on the book of Makasib. One of the corrections is relation to Shaykh Ansari Congress. The first Volume published in 1415 lunar hijrah and other volumes namely vol2 till vol6 gradually published until 1420 lunar hijrah. This publication written out of one transcript and six published texts. The other correction is to bibliographical information as follow:Hosein Amr Allahi and Muhammad Reza Fakir as inverstigators. The book has published by institution of Islamic publication in Qom.[20]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Abbas Jaffer. "The Life and Times of Shaykh Murtada Ansari". Islamc-laws. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  2. 1 2 Zackery Mirza Heern. "Thou Shalt Emulate the Most Knowledgeable Living Cleric: Redefinition of Islamic Law and Authority in Usuli Shi'ism" (PDF). Thou Shalt Emulate the Most Knowledgeable Living Cleric: Redefinition of Islamic Law and Authority in Usuli Shi‘ism. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  3. ↑ Syed Ali Shahbaz. "The great Islamic scholar, Ayatollah Shaikh Morteza Ansari Dezfuli". Imam Reza (A.S.) Network. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  4. ↑ S. Murata. "ANṢĀRĪ, SHAIKH MORTAŻĀ". Iranica. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  5. 1 2 Morteza Motahari. The collection of the martyr Motahhari Volume 14 (PDF). Noor Computer Research Center. p. 270. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  6. ↑ Shi'i Scholars of Nineteenth-Century Iraq: The 'Ulama' of Najaf and Karbala'. Cambridge University Press. p. 108. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  7. ↑ Yasser Tabbaa & Sabrina Mervin. Najaf The Gate of Wisdom (PDF). UNESCO. p. 113. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  8. ↑ "The first stage of Khobregan exam was held". Ilna. Ilna. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
  9. ↑ "Sheikh Murteza Ansari". Tahoor Islamic Encyclopedia. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  10. ↑ Daisy Hilse Dwyer (1990). Law and Islam in the Middle East. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 123. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  11. ↑ John L. Esposito. The Oxford History of Islam. Oxford University Press. p. 117. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
  12. ↑ Mohamadreza Zamiri. "Makasib". Thought of Qom. Qom Seminary. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  13. ↑ Arsalan Rizvi. "Shaikh Abbas Qummi". Islamic Insights. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  14. ↑ "Commentary of Makasib". Noor digital library. Retrieved 20 November 2016.
  15. ↑ Muhammad Hossein Naini. "Commentary of Makasib". Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  16. ↑ "Ayatollah Uzma Agha Zia Addin Aragghi". Seminary News. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  17. ↑ Syed Ali Shahbaz. "Prominent Shia Ulama". Imam Reza (A.S.) Network. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  18. ↑ "Hujjat al-Islam Husain Ansariyan". Imam Reza (A.S.) Network. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  19. ↑ Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali. "Anṣārī, Murtaḍā b. Muḥammad". Brill. Retrieved 21 November 2016.
  20. ↑ sayyed Muhammad javad shobayri Zanjani (2000). correction and its approach with one glance to Makasib book. p. 41-42. line feed character in |title= at position 28 (help)
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