Malin Craig

Malin Craig
General Malin Craig, official Army portrait

14th United States Army Chief of Staff
In office October 2, 1935 – August 31, 1939
President	Franklin D. Roosevelt
Preceded by	Douglas MacArthur
Succeeded by	George C. Marshall
Personal details
Born	George Malin Craig (1875-08-05)August 5, 1875 St. Joseph, Missouri
Died	July 25, 1945(1945-07-25) (aged 69) Walter Reed Hospital Washington, D.C.
Awards	Distinguished Service Medal (3)
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Service/branch	United States Army
Years of service	1898–1939 1941–1945
Rank	General
Commands	Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army IX Corps
Battles/wars	China Relief Expedition World War I Meuse-Argonne Offensive World War II

Malin Craig (August 5, 1875 – July 25, 1945) was a United States Army general who served as United States Army Chief of Staff from 1935 to 1939. He was recalled to active duty during World War II.^[1]

Early life

Craig was born on August 5, 1875 in Saint Joseph, Missouri. He entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York on June 20, 1894.^[2]

Early career

Craig graduated West Point on April 26, 1898 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Infantry branch. He transferred to the Cavalry on June 23 and served with the 6th Cavalry.^[2]

He served in the China Relief Expedition and in the Philippine Insurrection. He was promoted to first lieutenant on February 2, 1901 and to captain on May 7, 1904.^[2]

World War I

Craig was promoted to major on May 15, 1917 shortly after the United States entered World War I in April of the same year. He was promoted to temporary lieutenant colonel on August 17 and temporary colonel on March 27, 1918.^[3]

He served in France during World War I as Chief-of-Staff to General Hunter Liggett in the 41st Infantry Division and later in I Corps where he was promoted to temporary brigadier general on July 11, 1918. He then became Chief-of-Staff of the 3rd Army.^[3]

He received the Distinguished Service Medal for his service during the First World War. His citation reads as follows:

General Craig served in turn as Chief of Staff of a division, a corps, and an Army, in each of which capacities he exhibited great ability. His personal influence, aggressiveness, and untiring efforts were repeatedly displayed in the operations of the 1st Corps in the vicinity of Chateau-Thierry, on the Oureq, and the Vesle during the St. Mihiel and Argonne-Meuse offensives.

Interwar period

After the war, Craig reverted to his permanent rank of major on August 15, 1919 but was promoted to colonel on July 1, 1920 and to brigadier general only 15 days later.

He served as Chief of Cavalry with the rank of major general from July 24, 1924 to March 20, 1926.^[3] He also commanded the Panama Canal Zone.

Chief of Staff

Craig served as president of the Army War College in 1935 and served as the U.S. Army Chief of Staff from October 2, 1935 to August 31, 1939, succeeding General Douglas MacArthur, and preceding George C. Marshall. That appointment carried with it a temporary promotion to full (four star) general.^[3]

As Chief of Staff of the Army, Craig pointed out to Congress the Army's lack of preparedness in manpower and material, stressed the necessity of lead time in military preparedness, focused attention on Army planning, and, within governmental constraints, prepared the Army for World War II. He retired, in his permanent rank of major general, on August 31, 1939 - after forty-one years of active duty. Upon his retirement, he received a second Distinguished Service Medal for his service as Army Chief of Staff.

World War II and death

General Craig's retirement was short-lived, however. On September 26, 1941, with war on the horizon he was recalled to active duty to head the War Department's Personnel Board, a body responsible for selecting individuals who were to receive direct commissions in the Army. He headed the board in his permanent rank of major general until shortly before his death.

He died at the Walter Reed Hospital in Washington, D.C. on July 25, 1945 where he had been ill for the previous year.^[1] He was posthumously awarded a third Distinguished Service Medal and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.^[3]

Awards

1st Row	Army Distinguished Service Medal with two Oak Leaf Clusters
2nd Row	Spanish Campaign Medal	China Relief Expedition Medal	Philippine Campaign Medal	Mexican Border Service Medal
3rd Row	World War I Victory Medal with five battle clasps	Army of Occupation of Germany Medal	American Defense Service Medal	American Campaign Medal
4th Row	World War II Victory Medal	Companion of Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath	Commandeur of the Legion of Honor (France)	French Croix de guerre 1914-1918 with Palm
5th Row	Order of the Crown, Grade Commander (Belgium)	Order of the Crown of Italy, Commander	Order of Abdon Calderón, 1st Class (Ecuador)	Missouri State Medal of Merit

Dates of rank

No insignia	Cadet, United States Military Academy: June 20, 1894
No pin insignia in 1898	Second Lieutenant, Regular Army: April 26, 1898
	First Lieutenant, Regular Army: February 2, 1901
	Captain, Regular Army: May 7, 1904
	Major, Regular Army: May 15, 1917
	Lieutenant Colonel, National Army: August 5, 1917
	Colonel, National Army: February 6, 1918
	Brigadier General, National Army: June 26, 1918
	Major, Regular Army (reverted to permanent rank): August 15, 1919
	Colonel, Regular Army: July 1, 1920
	Brigadier General, Regular Army: April 28, 1921
	Major General, Regular Army: July 24, 1924
	General, Regular Army, for service as Army Chief of Staff: October 2, 1935
	General, Retired List: August 31, 1939
	Major General, Regular Army: September 26, 1941

References

1 2 "Gen. Craig Is Dead. Ex-Chief Of Staff. Distinguished Army Leader Succumbs in Washington After a Year's Illness. Planned 1918 Battles. Helped Map the Strategy for Our Offensives in France. Enlisted Man's Champion Forty Years a Soldier Had Scholastic Difficulty Served With First Corps Sought Increase in Army". New York Times. July 26, 1945.
1 2 3 Davis, pp. 85-86
1 2 3 4 5 Davis, p. 86

Military offices
Preceded by Douglas MacArthur	Chief of Staff of the United States Army 1935–1939	Succeeded by George C. Marshall

Leaders of the United States Army

Senior Officer / Commanding General	Washington Knox Doughty Harmar St. Clair Wayne Wilkinson Washington Hamilton Wilkinson Dearborn Brown Macomb Scott McClellan Halleck Grant Sherman Sheridan Schofield Miles

Chiefs of Staff	Young Chaffee Bates Bell Wood Wotherspoon Scott Bliss March Pershing Hines Summerall MacArthur Craig Marshall Eisenhower Bradley Collins Ridgway Taylor Lemnitzer Decker Wheeler Johnson Westmoreland Palmer Abrams Weyand Rogers Meyer Wickham Vuono Sullivan Reimer Shinseki Schoomaker Casey Dempsey Odierno Milley

Vice Chiefs of Staff	Collins Haislip Hull Bolte Palmer Lemnitzer Decker Eddleman Hamlett Abrams Haines Palmer Haig Weyand Kerwin Kroesen Vessey Wickham Thurman Brown RisCassi Sullivan Reimer Peay Tilelli Griffith Crouch Shinseki Keane Casey Cody Chiarelli Austin Campbell Allyn

Authority control	WorldCat Identities VIAF: 70664710 LCCN: n96103413

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