Marilyn Lloyd

Marilyn Lloyd
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Tennessee's 3rd district
In office January 3, 1975 – January 3, 1995
Preceded by	LaMar Baker
Succeeded by	Zach Wamp
Personal details
Born	Rachel Marilyn Laird January 3, 1929 Fort Smith, Arkansas
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Mort Lloyd Joseph P. Bouquard Robert Fowler
Religion	Churches of Christ

Rachel Marilyn Lloyd (née Laird; born January 3, 1929) is a Tennessee businesswoman and 10-term member of the United States House of Representatives (1975–95).

Biographical information

Rachel Marilyn Laird was born in Fort Smith, Arkansas in 1929, the daughter of a Church of Christ pastor. She graduated from Western Kentucky College High School, a high school that associated with what is now Western Kentucky University, in Bowling Green, Kentucky, in 1945. She attended Shorter College in Rome, Georgia. She owned radio station WTTI in Dalton, Georgia, and Executive Aviation in Winchester, Tennessee.^[1]

Personal life

Lloyd's first husband, Mort Lloyd, died in an airplane crash in 1974. In 1978, she married engineer Joseph P. Bouquard. In 1983, the couple divorced, and she resumed using the name Marilyn Lloyd. In 1991, she married Dr. Robert Fowler, a physician, who also predeceased her.

Lloyd has three children (Nancy, Mari and Mort) all from her marriage to Mort Lloyd.

Political and congressional career

Mort Lloyd was a popular television anchor at WDEF-TV in Chattanooga, who had entered the 1974 Democratic primary for Tennessee's 3rd congressional district, to oppose two-term incumbent Republican Congressman LaMar Baker. Lloyd won the primary in the Chattanooga-based district, but he was killed in an airplane crash on his way to celebrate the victory, and the Democratic Party selected his widow to replace him on the ballot. She went on to defeat Baker in the General Election in November. That election saw many Republicans, in competitive and marginal districts, defeated, in large part because of the Watergate scandal.

She became the first woman ever elected to Congress from Tennessee for a full term. Irene Baker and Louise Reece were both elected in special elections to succeed their husbands as caretakers and didn't run for a full term in the next election. Lloyd was considered a conservative Democrat by national standards, but a moderate by Tennessee standards. She often broke with the Democratic Party's national leadership, her views reflecting those of her conservative-minded district. She routed Baker in a 1976 rematch and, thereafter, faced serious opposition only three more times (1984, 1986, 1992).

Lloyd served on the House Science Committee for her entire congressional career. That committee had jurisdiction over legislation related to nuclear power facilities at Oak Ridge in her district. By the time of her retirement from Congress, she was the second-ranking Democrat on the committee. She was a strong advocate for the Clinch River Breeder Reactor project in Oak Ridge. She also served on the Committee on Public Works (1975–87), on the Armed Services Committee (1983–95), and on the House Select Committee on Aging for much of her congressional career.^[2]

When women members of the House formed a Women's Caucus in 1977, Lloyd was one of three congresswomen who declined membership, presumably because she feared alienating her constituents. She later joined the caucus but resigned in 1980 over political disagreements.^[3]

Lloyd cosponsored legislation related to women's health, notably the Mammography Quality Standards Act, which was enacted in 1992.^[4][5][6] After she was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1991 and was denied a silicone breast implant because the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had removed them from the market, Lloyd became an advocate for breast cancer treatment and women's health. She advocated for the availability of breast implants for reconstructive surgery.^[7] Her fight with cancer led her to reverse her longstanding opposition to abortion; she announced on the floor of the House that having to fight to make decisions about her treatment led to her change of heart on the issue.^[8]

In 1992, her Republican opponent was real estate broker Zach Wamp. In one of the closest contests of her career, she only defeated Wamp by 2,900 votes (1%), and only then because of the withdrawal of underground environmental candidate Peter Melcher. Lloyd lost badly in Hamilton County, home to Chattanooga, and retained her seat only due to a strong showing in the Oak Ridge area. Despite Tennessee's Senator Al Gore being elected Vice President as Bill Clinton's running mate, the Clinton-Gore Democratic ticket won the 3rd District by only 39 votes out of 225,000 cast, one of their worst performances in the state. The closeness of the race is believed to have influenced her decision not to stand for an 11th term in 1994. She endorsed Wamp's bid for Congress that year, which may have contributed to his narrow victory.^[2]

Post-retirement

Subsequent to her retirement from Congress, Lloyd has maintained a fairly low profile other than her advocacy for victims of domestic violence.

The Marilyn Lloyd Environmental and Life Sciences Research Complex at Oak Ridge National Laboratory was named in her honor in 1999.^[9] Her Congressional papers are archived in the library of the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga.^[1]

References

1. Lloyd, Marilyn Laird biodata, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
2. A Changing of the Guard; Traditionalists, feminists, and the new face of women in Congress, 1955–1976, Marilyn Lloyd entry, pp. 522-25
3. Assembling, Amplifying, and Ascending: Recent Trends Among Women in Congress, 1977–2006: Organizational Efforts, Women in Congress website (accessed November 6, 2007)
4. Capitol Hill Briefing on New Frontier in Breast Cancer Imaging
5. "THE WOMEN'S HEALTH EQUITY ACT OF 1993". University of Maryland. September 30, 1993.
6. ASRT.org
7. "First Steps Taken in Revived Use of Breast Implants", by Felicity Barringer, The New York Times, May 3, 1992.
8. Women's Health Research: A Medical and Policy Primer, by Florence Haseltine and Lynne Beauregard, 1997, ISBN 0-88048-791-7; pp. 303-04
9. Hello, good-bye: On one fine morning ORNL breaks ground for a new facility and bids farewell to a friend, ORNL Reporter, November 1999.