Mayersville, Mississippi

Mayersville, Mississippi
Town
Location of Mayersville, Mississippi
Mayersville, Mississippi Location in the United States
Coordinates: 32°54′4″N 91°3′2″W / 32.90111°N 91.05056°WCoordinates: 32°54′4″N 91°3′2″W / 32.90111°N 91.05056°W
Country	United States
State	Mississippi
County	Issaquena
Area
• Total	1.1 sq mi (2.9 km^2)
• Land	1.1 sq mi (2.9 km^2)
• Water	0.0 sq mi (0.0 km^2)
Elevation	105 ft (32 m)
Population (2000)
• Total	795
• Density	710.7/sq mi (274.4/km^2)
Time zone	Central (CST) (UTC-6)
• Summer (DST)	CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP code	39113
Area code(s)	662
FIPS code	28-46000
GNIS feature ID	0673260

Mayersville is a town on the east bank of the Mississippi River, and the county seat for Issaquena County, Mississippi.^[1] It is located in the Mississippi Delta, a region known for cotton cultivation in the antebellum era. Once the trading center for the county, the town was superseded when railroads were built into the area. The population of the majority-black town has declined to 795 at the 2000 census and lower since then.

History

Historic photo of county courthouse in Mayersville

Historic photo of blacksmith

Native Americans had lived in this area since prehistoric times. The Mayersville Archeological Site, added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, is on privately owned land. It contains the remains of earthwork mounds constructed primarily in the Mayersville phase (A.D. 1200-1400) of the earlier Mississippian culture. A 1950 survey by Philip Phillips of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology reported eleven ancient mounds. By the time the site was nominated by the state to the National Register of Historic Places, two mounds had been completely destroyed, a third one was nearly gone, three were reduced in size by plowing, and five remained nearly as described. Three mounds had enclosed a large plaza measuring roughly 170 by 240 meters. The fourth side was bounded by three mounds. Among these was Mound I, which was found to have been re-occupied from 1400 to 1600, perhaps by the succeeding Choctaw people. A European-American family cemetery associated with a 19th-century plantation was developed on Mound A.^[2]

The first record of non-Native settlement was in 1830, when European-American Ambrose Gipson purchased a large body of land along the river and founded 'Gipson's Landing'. This soon became the port on the Mississippi River for shipping out the cotton of Issaquena and Sharkey counties. It attracted shifting populations of river crews, gamblers, and traders, as well as show boats during low water times. The shipping records for David Mayer, who owned nearby Mout Level Plantation, show that river freight was shipped from the port via steamboat to points in Arkansas, Louisiana, Missouri, and Mississippi.

Mayer purchased Gipson's Landing in 1870, and the town of 'Mayersville' was founded in 1871. The town was established in 1872 by the legislature as the Issaquena County seat.^[3][4][5][6]

In January 1885, black saloon keeper Ebenzer Fowler was rumored to have sent an insulting letter to a white woman in the town. An armed white posse confronted Fowler on the main street just before dark on January 30, 1885. They claimed that Fowler grabbed a gun from a posse member and fired a shot at them; they returned fire and shot him dead. Tension between the town's blacks, a majority of the population, and whites flared following the shooting. The county sheriff called in twenty-two members of Vicksburg's militia, 'Volunteer Southrons,' for assistance. The militia left the following day when tensions had eased.^[7][8][9]

Mayersville’s popularity as a shipping port began to decline in the mid-1800s when it had to compete with the railways being built across the South, though no railway was built to the town. The construction of a levee following the hugely destructive flood of 1927 cut off direct river access for the town, causing further decline.^[5] In the 21st century, Bunge North America operates a large grain port in Millers Landing north of town.

In 1958, the current County Courthouse in Mayersville was built.^[5]

With federal legislation in the mid-1960s, African Americans regained the ability to register and vote. In 1976, famed civil rights activist Unita Blackwell was elected Mayor of Mayersville and the first female African-American mayor in Mississippi.

Mayersville's small population and quiet character are in sharp contrast to its years as a booming Mississippi River port.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.1 square miles (2.8 km²), all land.

Demographics

Historical population
Census	Pop.		%±
1880	355		—
1900	250		—
1910	185		−26.0%
1980	378		—
1990	329		−13.0%
2000	795		141.6%
2010	547		−31.2%
Est. 2015	553	[10]	1.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[11]

As of the 2013 American Community Survey, there were 652 people residing in the town, a decline since 2000. The remaining population is increasingly African American. 90.2% were African American, 9.7% White and 0.2% from some other race. 0.2% were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

As of the census^[12] of 2000, there were 795 people, 190 households, and 126 families residing in the town. The population density was 710.7 people per square mile (274.1/km²). There were 212 housing units at an average density of 189.5 per square mile (73.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 88.05% Black or African American, 11.95% White, and 0.13% Hispanic or Latino.

There were 190 households out of which 40.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.3% were married couples living together, 31.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.2% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.80 and the average family size was 3.53.

In the town the population was spread out with 26.4% under the age of 18, 16.0% from 18 to 24, 36.9% from 25 to 44, 13.7% from 45 to 64, and 7.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females there were 165.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 228.7 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $10,962, and the median income for a family was $15,208. Males had a median income of $20,917 versus $15,875 for females. The per capita income for the town was $7,287. About 41.6% of families and 49.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 62.6% of those under age 18 and 51.4% of those age 65 or over.

Education

The town of Mayersville is served by the South Delta School District.

Notable people

• Unita Blackwell, civil rights leader and mayor of Mayersville from 1976-2001; first female African-American mayor in Mississippi.
• William Stamps Farish II, president of Standard Oil.^[13]
• Willis Elbert Mollison (1859-1924), attorney and first African-American district attorney in Mississippi; migrated to Chicago between 1910 and 1920, where he continued to work at law.^[14]

References

1. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
2. National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: "Mayersville Site (22-Is-501)", Mississippi Dept. of Archaeology and History, July 1979
3. "General County History and Information". Issaquena Genealogy and History Project. 2004.
4. "Mayer (David) account book (manuscript)". Mississippi Department of Archives and History.
5. Hellmann, Paul T. (2005). Historical Gazetteer of the United States. Routledge.
6. Mississippi: A Guide to the Magnolia State. Viking. 1938.
7. Wells, Ida B. (2013). Southern Horrors: Lynch Law in All Its Phases (1892). Digital History.
8. Wells, Ida B. (1991). Selected Works of Ida B. Wells-Barnett. Oxford.
9. Hill, Karlos (2009). "Resisting Lynching: Black Grassroots Responses to Lynching in the Mississippi and Arkansas Deltas, 1882-1938" (PDF). PhD Dissertation. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
10. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
11. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on May 11, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
12. "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
13. Collins, Karen. "Farish, William Stamps". Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved November 2013. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
14. "Willis Elbert Mollison". Issaquena Genealogy and History Project. Retrieved January 2014. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)