Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 6517

Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 6517

PK-MZO, the aircraft involved in the accident, pictured at Denpasar Ngurah Rai International Airport in 2012
Accident summary
Date 10 June 2013 (2013-06-10)
Summary Pilot error, wrong thrust position during landing led to structural failure
Site El Tari Airport, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Passengers 46 (including 1 infant)
Crew 4
Fatalities 0
Injuries (non-fatal) 25 (5 seriously)
Survivors 50 (all)
Aircraft type Xian MA60
Operator Merpati Nusantara Airlines
Registration PK-MZO
Flight origin Turelelo Soa Airport, Bajawa, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia
Destination El Tari Airport, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 6517 (MZ6517/MNA6517) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Turelelo Soa Airport, Bajawa, Ngada Regency in East Nusa Tenggara to its provincial's capital airport Kupang El Tari Airport in the island of Timor. The flight was operated by Merpati Nusantara Airlines, one of the oldest airlines in Indonesia, with a Chinese built aircraft Xian MA60, a turboprop aircraft. On 10 June 2013, the Xian MA60 registered as PK-MZO suffered a hard landing in El Tari, causing the failure of the airframe due to massive amount of stress. No one was killed in the crash, but 25 people were injured. 5, including the pilot, were seriously injured.

This was the second hull loss of a Xian MA60 in Merpati Nusantara Airlines. The first hull loss of a Xian MA60 in Merpati occurred on 7 May 2011 when Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 8968 plunged into the sea off the coast of Kaimana, Papua, killing all 25 people on board. The crash caused serious trust issues among Indonesians as the plane was made in China.

Investigation by the National Transportation Safety Committee, assisted by Chinese Civil Aviation Administration of China, concluded that pilot error was the cause of the crash. The pilot pulled the throttle way back, lower than flight idle, causing the plane to enter the BETA MODE. This could only be done on the ground, not on air. Due to this, the aircraft lost lift and crashed. The aircraft landed with a force equivalent to 5.99 G, causing the airframe to broke up due to such massive force.

Background

Aircraft

The aircraft involved in the crash was a Xian MA60 registered in Indonesia as PK-MZO with a serial number of MSN 608.[1] It was powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PW127J. It had its first flight on 2010 with a total airframe hours of 4.486 and cycles of 4.133. Merpati officials confirmed that the aircraft was new,[2] as it was delivered to Merpati on 2010. The Xian MA60 itself was turboprop aircraft manufactured by Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation in Xi'an, China. Xian MA60 had its first flight on February 2000.[3] The aircraft was deemed popular in China. However, the aircraft had been involved in several major incidents, with several of them involving hull losses.[4] The first Xian MA60 crash occurred in Indonesia in 2011.[5] Stereotypes on "Made in China" products caused public outcry and distrust in Indonesia.

Airlines

Merpati Nusantara Airlines was a major commercial and cargo airliner in Indonesia. Created on 1962, it was one of the oldest airliner in Indonesia's aviation history. However, records show that the airlines had multiple crashes with most of them involving fatalities. Most of those crashes were caused by human error. The deadliest plane crash in Merpati's history occurred in 1992 when a CASA/IPTN CN-235 crashed onto Mount Puntang in Garut, West Java, killing all 31 people on board. It was caused by pilot error.[6]

Passengers and crews

Nationality Passengers Crew Total
 Indonesia 45 3 48
 United States of America 1 - 1
 Malaysia - 1 1
Total 46 4 50

Flight 6517 was carrying 50 passengers and crews,[7][8][9] with all except two on board, one passenger and one flight crew, were Indonesians. One passenger was an American citizen, identified as Aloysius Deene.[10][11] The co-pilot was a Malaysian. However, various media falsely reported the co-pilot nationality as South Korea.[12] The pilot of the flight was identified as Aditya Pri Joewono[13] and the co-pilot was identified as Au Young Vunpin. Captain Aditya joined the company on 1 November 1994. He had a total flying hours of 12.530 hours, in which 2.050 hours of them were on the Xian MA60. Captain Aditya was qualified as route instructor and has been performed approximately 218 instructing flight hours. The flying experience of First Officer Vunpin however, was far too different with Captain Aditya. In contrast to Captain Aditya's senior flying experience, First Officer Vunpin was new to the company and had just acquired a total flying hours of 58 hours. Merpati spokesman stated that First Officer Vunpin was still in training, having joined the company for only 3 months.[14][15](p4–5)First Officer Vunpin was on training program with approximately 141 hours 44 minutes including 24 hours as observer. The operator had planned to checked First Officer Vunpin to be a qualified first officer on the next schedule but he requested another multi days schedule to be more confidence prior to flight check.

Accident

El Tari Airport, the location of the accident

Flight 6517 departed Bajawa Turulelo Soa Airport at 09.00 a.m local time carrying 46 passengers and 4 crews on board with an ETA of 9:40 a.m.[16] The flight was uneventful until its landing. First Officer Vunpin was the pilot flying and Captain Aditya was the Pilot Monitoring. At 09:22, the flight crews made first communication with El Tari Control Tower controller (El Tari Tower) and reported their position and maintaining 11,500 ft. The pilot received information that the runway in use was 07 and the weather information. Flight 6517 later descended approved their descent clearance of 5.000 ft. At 09.38 local time, the crew reported the aircraft was passing 10,500 ft and stated that the flight was on Visual Meteorological Condition (VMC). El Tari Airport then obtained visual contact with Flight 6517 and issued a landing clearance. At 09.51 a.m, the crew reported that their position was on final and the El Tari Tower re-issued the landing clearance. Flight 6517 then retracted its landing gear.

On 10.15 a.m, Flight 6517 bounced for three times[17] and slammed onto the tarmac.[18] It broke into two sections.[19] Both the left wing and the right wing were bent forward and both propellers were destroyed. Eyewitness recalled that there was a massive explosion when the crash occurred.[20] It then skidded for several meters. After the aircraft stopped, the flight attendants assessed the situation and decided to evacuate the passengers through the rear main entrance door.[21]

A total of 25 people were injured in the crash. One pilot and four passengers who seated on row number three, seven and eight suffered serious injury. Several injured passengers suffered shock from the crash and was taken into El Tari's VVIP Lounge. Several people were admitted to the airport's military hospital, the Kupang Military Hospital, located on the west of the airport. Several of the injured were taken to the Prof. Dr. WZ Johannes Public Hospital.[22] Military personnel immediately assisted the survivors and sterilized the crash site. A police line then extracted by authorities.[23]

Investigation

The Vice Minister of Transportation Ministry Bambang Susanto immediately ordered three main things in response to the crash, which were evacuation process of the survivors, immediate investigation by the National Transportation Safety Committee, and immediate clean-up at El Tari Airport.[24][25]

Most survivors stated that before the plane touched the runway, the aircraft "swayed and shook" for several times. Shortly afterwards the aircraft bounced and slammed onto the tarmac.[26] Investigators then analysed the FDR and CVR. The FDR was downloaded in Surabaya on 13 June with good quality. Further analysis was conducted in Jakarta. Based on the FDR analysis of the flight's approach, the approach was not on profile as published for runway 07, while the approach angle greater than 2.9°. Investigators then noticed that the left power lever was in the range of BETA MODE while the aircraft altitude was approximately 112 ft and followed by the right power lever at 90 ft until hit the ground. The FDR also recorded a vertical acceleration of +5.99 G followed by -2.76 G and stopped recording 0.297 seconds after touchdown. The CVR was downloaded at NTSC facility on 12 June 2013 and contained 120 minutes of good quality recording. The audio files were examined found to contain the accident flight. The recording showed that First Officer Vunping intended to reduce the power to correct the speed. Then, sounds similar to changing of engine and propeller were heard in the recording. First Officer Vunpin then exclaimed "Oops", possibly realizing his mistake. The aircraft then impacted terrain. [27](p13-17)

Noticed by the abnormal situation on the thrust lever, investigators then examined it. The power levers should have prevented to move from flight idle to ground idle during flight by the function of Electric Magnetic Lock Systems and Mechanical Power Lever Stop Slot. At the accident aircraft was found that the electric magnetic lock system (Power Lever lock) was on open position. With power lever lock on open position, the solenoid of the electric magnetic lock system disengage and allow the power lever moves to ground idle in flight whenever the mechanical power lever stop slots lifted. Based on simulator test conducted by the NTSC, if the engine entered this condition, the aircraft would lose lift and eventually descended rapidly. The movement of power lever to ground idle will result to the propeller pitch angle changes to low pitch angle which produces significant drag. The NTSC stated that because it happened on 112 ft, it was impossible to not crash. [28](p23)

Interviews from Merpati officials revealed that the first two aircrafts had several problems on the Power Lever Lock System, whereas the automatic power lever lock system sometimes failed to open after landing. On May 2008, the board of instructors had agreed to revise the Normal Checklist that the Power Lock system selects to “OPEN” before landing. However, further analysis revealed that there were no faults in the engines.[29](p20)

Investigators then turned on the pilot who flew the plane, First Officer Vunpin. First Officer Vunpin have some experiences of delay on moving the power lever to Ground Idle during landing. On the accident flight, he aware to previous experienced and lifted the mechanical power lever stop slots during approach. He realized that he retarded the Power Lever backward at about 70 ft of aircraft altitude and unintentionally entered the Beta Range. Interviews with First Officer Vunpin revealed that he have some experiences of delay on moving the power lever to Ground Idle during landing. This experience became his belief (cognitive). First Officer Vunpin has been planned to do the flight check to be qualified First Officer, and he wanted to prove that he was qualified as a First Officer. Knowing that he had repeated the errors in the past flights, he tried to prove that he had overcome his errors. However, he unintentionally moved the power lever beyond flight idle (behavioral). The aircraft lost lift and subsequently crashed.[30](p24-25)

Aftermath

Immediately after the crash, El Tari Airport was closed by authority.[31] Every aircraft were prohibited from landing or take off. The airport was closed for an extended time[32] and would be reopen on the next morning until the wreckage could be evacuated from the runway. At least 7 flights were delayed,[33] and several other flights were diverted. Every flights that would depart on 22.00 p.m until morning were cancelled. The wreckage of Flight 6517 was evacuated from the runway and the airport reopened on the next day.[34]

Transportation Ministry stated that Merpati Nusantara Airlines would face a "special audit" in response to the crash. Only 8 Xian MA60 operated by Merpati were allowed to fly. As such, the ministry would checked the airworthiness of Merpati's Xian MA60 fleet. The Ministry would checked on the maintenance and spare parts.[35] Merpati lose approximately Rp. 100 bilion due to the crash, causing more economic problems in the airline.[36][37][38]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "REGISTRATION DETAILS FOR PK-MZO (MERPATI NUSANTARA AIRLINES) MA60-". Planelogger. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  2. ↑ "Ini Penjelasan Merpati Soal Insiden Pesawat di Bandara El Tari Kupang" (in Bahasa Indonesia). Detik. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  3. ↑ "First Flight".
  4. ↑ "Hull losses".
  5. ↑ "Merpati Nusantara Airlines Flight 8968".
  6. ↑ "Sukhoi dan Pelajaran dari CN 235 di Gunung Puntang 1992" (in Bahasa Indonesia). Detik. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  7. ↑ "Merpati Tergelincir di Bandara El Tari Kupang". Tempo. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  8. ↑ "Muat 46 Penumpang, Merpati Tergelincir di El Tari". Solopos. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  9. ↑ "Merpati Tergelincir di Eltari". Tribun News. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  10. ↑ "Seorang Warga Negara Amerika Penumpang Merpati Tergelincir". Tribun News. 11 June 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  11. ↑ "Satu WNA Menjadi Penumpang Merpati Naas". Kompas. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  12. ↑ "Insiden Merpati, Pilot WNI dan Kopilot Asal Korsel yang Masih Training" (in Bahasa Indonesia). Detik. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  13. ↑ "Merpati MA 60 Rute Bajawa-Kupang Tergelincir Di Bandara El Tari" (in Bahasa Indonesia). Moral Politik. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  14. ↑ "Insiden Merpati, Pilot WNI dan Kopilot Asal Korsel yang Masih Training" (in Bahasa Indonesia). Detik. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  15. ↑ "Final Report PK-MZO" (PDF). NTSC.
  16. ↑ Priadmojo, Dedy (10 June 2013). "Kronologi Kecelakaan Pesawat Merpati di El Tari Kupang" (in Bahasa Indonesia). Viva. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  17. ↑ "Pesawat Merpati Terpental Tiga Kali Lalu Sayapnya Patah". Tribun News. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
  18. ↑ "Pesawat Merpati Sempat Memantul di Bandara Kupang, Gear Keluar".
  19. ↑ "Merpati Alami Crash Landing, Pesawat Patah Terbelah Dua".
  20. ↑ Molan, Laurensius. "Pesawat Merpati tergelincir di Kupang" (in Bahasa Indonesia). Antara. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  21. ↑ "Pesawat Merpati Kecelakaan di Bandara El Tari di Kupang". Detik. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  22. ↑ "9 penumpang Merpati dirawat di tiga rumah sakit". Viva. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  23. ↑ "Muat 46 Penumpang, Merpati Tergelincir di El Tari". Harian Jogja. Retrieved 22 October 2016.
  24. ↑ "Wamenhub: Investigasi penyebab tergelincirnya Merpati Airlines". Merdeka. Retrieved 24 October 2016.
  25. ↑ "Menhub Sudah Kirimkan Tim Investigasi Selidiki Merpati yang Rusak di Eltari". Berita Satu.
  26. ↑ "Tragedi Pesawat Merpati di Bandara El Tari Kupang".
  27. ↑ "Final Report" (PDF).
  28. ↑ "Final Report" (PDF).
  29. ↑ "Final Report" (PDF).
  30. ↑ "Final Report" (PDF).
  31. ↑ "Pesawat Merpati Belum Bisa Dievakuasi, Bandara El Tari Masih Tutup".
  32. ↑ "Pasca Insiden Merpati, Bandara El Tari Kupang Ditutup Hingga Selasa Pagi".
  33. ↑ "Merpati Crash Landing di Kupang, 7 Penerbangan Delay".
  34. ↑ "Pesawat Merpati dipotong-potong, Bandara El Tari Kupang dibuka".
  35. ↑ "Pasca Insiden di Kupang, Pesawat MA 60 Merpati akan Diaudit Khusus".
  36. ↑ "Kecelakaan Pesawat di Kupang, Merpati Rugi Rp 100 Miliar". 12 June 2013.
  37. ↑ "Beban Merpati Makin Berat Setelah Musibah Kecelakaan di Kupang". 16 June 2013.
  38. ↑ "Ajakan Bersama Membantu Merpati Nusantara". 18 June 2013.

External links

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