Move Under Ground

Move Under Ground
Cover
Author	Nick Mamatas
Country	United States
Language	English
Genre	Horror novel
Publisher	Night Shade Books
Publication date	15 May 2004
Media type	Print (Hardback & Paperback)
Pages	191 pp (first edition, hardback)
ISBN	1-892389-91-6 (first edition, hardback)
OCLC	55647282

Move Under Ground is a horror novel mashup by Nick Mamatas which combines the Beat style of Jack Kerouac with the cosmic horror of H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos. It is available as a free download via a Creative Commons license.

Plot summary

Jack Kerouac witnesses the rising of R'lyeh off the California coast. With Neal Cassady and William S. Burroughs, Jack takes to the road, crossing America to save the world from a Lovecraftian cult.

Characters

Source references

Beat connections

The novel begins with Kerouac in Big Sur, the setting of his novel of the same name, and numerous mentions are made of his "heading out on the road again", a reference to his 1957 On the Road.
The slaves of Cthulhu are referred to as "mugwumps", from the predatory creatures of Burroughs' Naked Lunch.
When Burroughs appears, he is wielding a pair of pistols and is said to be playing William Tell, a reference to his alleged killing of Joan Vollmer while playing William Tell.
Burroughs mentions that his book has been unbanned and thanks Kerouac for the title, which references Naked Lunch, the title of which was suggested by Kerouac.
Kerouac mentions Dean Moriarty, the name of the protagonist of On the Road who was strongly inspired by Neal Cassady, and Jack Duluoz, the name Kerouac gives himself in many of his works.

Cthulhu Mythos connections

Cthulhu is the central enemy of the book, and the squares are turned into beings resembling his star-spawn.
R'lyeh is seen to rise when the stars are right; however, it is located "closer than Communist Cuba" off the Californian coast, not in its usual location in the South Pacific, however, this may be due to the twisted geometry mentioned below.
Cassidy mentions the Three-Lobed Burning Eye and the "Al-Azif" to Kerouac in predicting the coming apocalypse. Kerouac later states that he sent Cthulhu back to "strange aeons," another reference to the Necronomicon.
The Elder Gods and Great Old Ones are also mentioned.
Kerouac enters the Dreamlands at one point.
Numerous references are made to "the Call of Cthulhu."
Shoggoths appear several times; however, instead of how they are usually depicted in the Mythos, they appear as agents of Cthulhu that assume the shapes, forms, or personal appearances most likely to drive their target mad.
Kerouac talks about trying to get the government to send the "Sea Hunt and gut the Elder God," a possible reference to the submarine torpedoing of Y'ha-nthlei at the beginning/end of "The Shadow Over Innsmouth."
As Cthulhu's power rises, America becomes distorted by non-Euclidean geometry.
A reference is made to Lovecraft himself; a worker mentions how a serious "gentleman from Providence" named Mr. Love passed through several weeks earlier, predicting the onslaught and building a lighthouse in the desert. He is described as having "eyes so round like a frog's [with a] lipless mouth," characteristics matching the "Innsmouth Look" of the Deep Ones.
Kerouac observes Azathoth in the twisted constellations. Cassady later becomes an avatar for Azathoth.
After Cthulhu comes to power, all money must be stamped with the Elder Sign; both Lovecraft's branching symbol and August Derleth's five-pointed flaming star variants are mentioned. This could be a reference to the Mark of the Beast being needed for commerce.
Chicago is described as being formed of "Cyclopean modern towers and pinnacles rising flowerlike and delicate like spun crystal"; this is similar to Lovecraft's description of R'lyeh, Pnakotus, and the City of the Old Ones.
The established religions all begin preaching to Cthulhu rather than the Christian god; they are referred to as "cargo cults" and Kerouac uses the term "starry wisdom" to describe them. These are references to several Cthulhu Mythos cults, specifically the Church of Starry Wisdom and the Esoteric Order of Dagon.

Awards and nominations

2004, Locus Magazine Recommended Reading List for books published in 2004
2005, nominated, Bram Stoker Award for Best First Novel
2005, nominated, International Horror Guild Award for Best First Novel in 2005

Release details

2004, USA, Night Shade Books ISBN 1-892389-91-6, 15 May 2004, Hardcover
2004, USA, Night Shade Books ISBN 1-892389-92-4, 15 May 2004, Signed Limited Edition Hardcover
2005, Germany, ISBN 3-937897-08-9, July 2005, Paperback
2006, USA, Prime Books ISBN 0-8095-5673-1, 26 March 2006, Paperback
2007, Creative Commons release (English language), www.MoveUnderGround.org, 6 February 2007, HTML, PDF, zipped HTML.

Limited edition

The limited edition hardcover includes the short story "Jitterbuggin'", an afterword, a bound-in ribbon bookmark, and a unique Lovecraftian senryū written by Mamatas. 100 copies of the limited edition were produced, and the senryū were collected as Cthulhu Senryū (Prime Books, 2006)

Reception

Move Under Ground was widely and positively reviewed, by trade, genre, and non-genre publications. In addition to reviews in Publishers Weekly and Booklist,^[1] the book received positive notices from Fangoria, Locus, Green Man Review, Bookslut, and other genre-themed publications and columns. More unusually for a first horror novel from an independent press, Move Under Ground was reviewed by publications more widely known for reviewing avant-garde and literary fiction, including The Believer, Village Voice, and the American Book Review.

Positive word of mouth continued long after the releases of the hardcover and paperback releases. As recently as 2009, major genre publications such as Tor.com published an article on the book ^[2] by novelist Jon Evans. In September 2010, Kenneth Hite declared the book one of the best Cthulhu Mythos stories not written by Lovecraft, in his book Cthulhu 101. Hite also declared the book one of the top five Mythos novels of all time via Twitter.^[3] In an October 2010 podcast and interview,^[4] author Nick Mamatas explained that his goal in writing Move Under Ground was to write a novel that would still be discussed ten years after its initial publication, referencing The Enemies of Promise by Cyril Connolly.

Foreign-language editions

A German-language edition was published in 2005 by Edition Phantasia ^[5] A Greek-language edition is forthcoming in 2011 from Jemma Press.^[6]

Reviews

References

↑ "Editorial Reviews". Amazon.com. April 2004.
↑ "Kerouac wgah'nagl fhtagn: Nick Mamatas's Move Under Ground". Tor.com. August 24, 2009.
↑ "Kenneth Hite". Kenneth Hite's Twitter feed. March 1, 2011.
↑ "Agony Column Podcast". The Agony Column. October 2010.
↑ "Nick Mamatas ABWÄRTS: MOVE UNDER GROUND". Edition Phantasia. 2004.
↑ "Cover Image". Nick Mamatas's Livejournal. January 2011.

Media based or influenced on H. P. Lovecraft works

Films	The Haunted Palace (1963) Die, Monster, Die! (1965) The Shuttered Room (1967) The Dunwich Horror (1970) Re-Animator (1985) From Beyond (1986) The Curse (1987) The Unnamable (1988) Dark Heritage (1989) Bride of Re-Animator (1990) Cast a Deadly Spell (1991) The Resurrected (1992) The Unnamable II: The Statement of Randolph Carter (1993) In the Mouth of Madness (1994) Necronomicon (1994) The Lurking Fear (1994) Witch Hunt (1994) Castle Freak (1995) Bleeders (1997) Out of Mind: The Stories of H. P. Lovecraft (1998) Cool Air (1999) Cthulhu (2000) Dagon (2001) Beyond Re-Animator (2003) The Call of Cthulhu (2005) H. P. Lovecraft's Dreams in the Witch-House (2005) Cthulhu (2007) The Tomb (2007) Chill (2007) In Search of Lovecraft (2008) The Last Lovecraft: Relic of Cthulhu (2009) The Whisperer in Darkness (2011) Innsmouth (2011) Call Girl of Cthulhu (2014)

Role-playing games	Call of Cthulhu (role-playing game) (1981) Cthulhu Live (1997) Delta Green (1997) Trail of Cthulhu (2008) CthulhuTech (2008)

Card games	Mythos (1996) Cthulhu 500 (2004) Call of Cthulhu: The Card Game (2004) Elder Sign (2011) Arkham Horror: The Card Game (2016)

Board games	Arkham Horror (1987, 2005) Mansions of Madness (2011) Eldritch Horror (2013)

Video games	Alone in the Dark (1992) Shadow of the Comet (1993) Necronomicon (1994) Alone in the Dark 3 (1995) Prisoner of Ice (1995) Innsmouth no Yakata (1995) Necronomicon: The Dawning of Darkness (2001) Eternal Darkness (2002) Call of Cthulhu: Dark Corners of the Earth (2005) Sherlock Holmes: The Awakened (2006) Call of Cthulhu: The Wasted Land (2012) Eldritch (2013) Bloodborne (2015) Darkest Dungeon (2016)

Other	Neil Gaiman's Only the End of the World Again (2000) Alan Moore's The Courtyard (2003) Unspeakable Vault (of Doom) (2003–present) Alan Moore's Yuggoth Cultures and Other Growths (2003) Move Under Ground (2004) Dark Adventure Radio Theatre (2006–2015) Demonbane (2006) Haiyore! Nyaruko-san (2009–2014) Neonomicon (2010) Re-Animator: The Musical (2011) Providence (2015-2016)

See also: Cthulhu Mythos in popular culture

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