Mumbai Fire Brigade

Mumbai Fire Brigade
"शौर्यम्, आत्मसँयमम्, त्यागः"
"Śauryaṃ, Ātmasaṃyamam, Tyāgaḥ"
(Sanskrit:"Valour, Abnegation, Sacrifice")
Agency overview
Established 1 April 1887 (1887-04-01)[1]
Fire chief Prabhat Rahangdale[2]
EMS level BLS
Facilities and equipment
Stations 33
Trucks 115
Ambulances 15
Website
mahafireservice.gov.in

The Mumbai Fire Brigade is the fire brigade serving the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is responsible for the provision of fire protection as well as responding to building collapses, drownings, gas leakage, oil spillage, road and rail accidents, bird and animal rescues, fallen trees and taking appropriate action during natural disasters.

History

Firefighters Memorial outside the Byculla Headquarters

Fire protection in Bombay began in 1777, when locals were allotted Rs. 4 per day for handling carts and horse chariots which were used to extinguish fires.[3] The Bombay fire brigade started as a part-time police function in 1855. A regular fire service with horse-drawn fire engines began under control of the Commissioner of Police. In 1864, a commission was appointed to report the organisation of fire service and a police officer was sent to England to qualify himself as captain of the fire brigade. Bombay Fire Brigade was placed jointly under the control of the Government and the Municipality in 1865. Fire protection became the responsibility of the Municipality on 1 April 1887.[4]

In 1888 Bombay Municipal Corporation Act was enacted and protection of life and properties from fire become the duty of the Corporation. W. Nicholls of the London Fire Brigade was appointed Chief Officer in 1890.[3] The first motorized fire engine was commissioned in 1907. Also in 1907, the Bombay Salvage Corporation was formed, responsible for fire protection and salvage operations. Street fire alarms were installed in 1913. The Brigade was motorised by replacing horse-drawn steam engines in 1920, and the Bombay fire brigade started ambulance service using six donated ambulances.[5][6]

In 1948, M.G. Pradhan was appointed Chief Fire Officer, the first Indian to hold this position. Since then, the Brigade has been completely manned and controlled by Indians.[3]

Jurisdiction & duties

The role and jurisdiction of the Brigade are defined by the Maharashtra Fire Prevention and Life Safety Measures Act (2006).[7] Under the Act, the jurisdiction is set as the limits of the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai. Its role includes:

Organisation

The Mumbai Fire Brigade has its city headquarters in Byculla and suburban headquarters in Marol. It is headed by the Chief Fire Officer. For operational purposes, Mumbai is divided into four regions, further divided into divisions and subdivisions. Each subdivision has multiple fire stations.

The regions are each headed by a Deputy Chief (Fire). The Divisions are in the charge of Divisional Officers. Each subdivision is headed by the Sub-Divisional Officer. The fire station is managed by a Station Officer.

Duty hours

Initially, the Mumbai Fire brigade staff were on duty 24 hours per day and were provided quarters at the fire station. In 1991, 24-hour duty was limited to officers above Station Officer. Firefighters and Assistant Station Officers now work eight-hour shifts. A few rules from the British era such as roll call are still prevalent.

Equipment

Mumbai Fire Brigade's Bronto sky lift for sky scrapers

Fire stations are equipped with specialised equipment, such as firefighting and rescue vehicles, Ambulances, breathing apparatus, hydraulic rescue tools, electric chain saws, concrete or steel cutters, chemical protective suits, fire proximity suits, rescue rocket devices, self/rope rescue devices and search cameras.

Motor pump

The first-call or first responding truck, also known as MP (Motor Pump) in the Mumbai Fire Brigade (MFB), is a truck that is stationed at every fire station in Mumbai. This truck is used for all types of calls, from fire to bird or animal rescue. Currently Mumbai Fire Brigade is using such trucks made by Tata and MAN (since February 2016).

Jumbo Tanker and Water Tanker

Jumbo Tanker, commonly known as JT in the MFB, is a tanker used for large fires. The capacity of this truck is between 14,000 and 18,000 litres. Currently the MFB is using such trucks made by Mercedes-Benz and MAN.

Water Tanker is a truck just like JT but with less tank capacity, approximately 9,000 litres. These trucks are made by Tata.

Ladder Truck

Mumbai Fire Brigade uses three types of Ladder Truck: ALP (Aerial Ladder Platform ), TTL (Turntable Ladder), and HP (Hydraulic Platform). They are used for high-rise calls. These trucks are manufactured by Volvo, MAN, and Mercedes-Benz. The ladders are manufactured by Bronto Skylift and Magirus. The tallest ladder in Mumbai (90m) can reach up to the 33rd floor.

Fire Safety Week

Fire Safety Week is held from 14 to 20 April every year, in honour of the 66 fire-fighters who lost their lives in the Bombay Explosion.[8]

Incidents

Bombay explosion

On 14 April 1944 the freighter SS Fort Stikine, carrying a mixed cargo of cotton bales, gold and ammunition (including around 1,400 tons of explosives), caught fire and was destroyed in two giant blasts, scattering debris, sinking surrounding ships and setting fire to the surrounding area, killing around 800 people. The Bombay Fire Brigade tried to control the fire under control, at the cost of 66 lives.[9] Preserved in the fire station at Byculla is a Leyland fire engine that took part in fighting the fire.

2008 terrorist attacks

Main article: 2008 Mumbai attacks

On 26 November 2008, the Mumbai Fire Brigade responded when terrorists attacked multiple targets within the south city centre using automatic weapons, hand grenades and C-4 explosive. The attacks took place in buildings frequented by foreign tourists, including the Taj Mahal Hotel, Hotel Trident, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, the Leopold Cafe and Bade Miyan Gali. The largest blaze was at the Taj Mahal Hotel, whose upper floors were torched.

With no sprinkler systems or interior standpipes, fire suppression was limited to a master stream attack from aerial devices such as the Bronto Skylift. The attackers targeted firefighters, who remained at their posts atop the aerial platforms and on the ground. Dozens of rescues and removals took place using additional aerial devices. The fire crews surrounded the rescued victims to protect them from gunfire.

The fire brigade battled fires multiple times at the Taj and Oberoi hotels as the terrorists kept setting new blazes while fighting commandos. Fire crews awaited clearance from the commandos before going in.

In the wake of the events, it was revealed that Mumbai's firefighters had poor personal protective equipment. This attack initiated equipment modernisation.

Andheri corporate tower blaze

On 18 July 2014, a fire broke at around 11 am at the 22-storey Lotus Business Park Building in Andheri (West). The fire destroyed the upper two floors before the Fire Brigade brought it under control. About a dozen out of 30 firemen who had gone inside the building were trapped for hours on the rooftop, and Nitin Ivalekar, a 28-year-old fireman, died due to smoke inhalation.[10][11]

Kalbadevi fire

The 9 May 2015 Kalbadevi fire, which destroyed the five-storey Gokul Nivas bhavan and killed several firemen[12][13] was one of the worst fires since the 1944 Bombay Docks Explosion. It was a Brigade call.

Metro House fire

On 2 June 2016, at 4 pm, a major fire broke out at Metro House, which houses Cafe Mondegar, close to the Regal Cinema, at Colaba Causeway, a popular shopping district.[14] There were 50 fire trucks, from every station of South Mumbai, which included jumbo-tanker aerial-ladder platforms, turn-table ladders, and regular fire trucks. The operation continued for almost 2 days, with fire tenders making refill trips.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "About Maharashtra Fire Services". mahafireservice.gov. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
  2. ↑ Parab, Bhagwan (23 June 2015). "Prabhat Rahangdale new CFO of fire brigade". The Asian Age. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 Ardesher, Rashna. "Brave Men in Blue". Godrej Infotech Ltd. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  4. ↑ "Fire Services" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-03-01.
  5. ↑ Bag, Sakti Prasad. Fire Services in India: History, Detection, Protection, Management. Mittal Publications. p. 85. ISBN 81-7099-598-1.
  6. ↑ Jain, V. K. (1996). Fire Safety in Building. Taylor & Francis. p. 443. ISBN 9788122410358. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
  7. ↑ "Govt. Resolution No : FFS 2008/CR 181/08/UD 20" (PDF). Government of Maharashtra, Urban Development Department. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
  8. ↑ Hatyal, K. R. (10 April 2012). "Appeal Letter". Maharashtra Fire Services. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
  9. ↑ Bag, Sakti Prasad. Fire Services in India: History, Detection, Protection, Management. Mittal Publications. p. 87. ISBN 81-7099-598-1.
  10. ↑ "Major fire at business park in Mumbai's corporate hub Andheri" (in Hindi). Patrika Group. 18 July 2014. Retrieved 18 July 2014.
  11. ↑ Kalwar, Pooja (20 July 2014). "Nitin Ivalekar's wife delays funeral, demands compensation in writing". Mid Day. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
  12. ↑ HT Correspondents (10 May 2015). "Mumbai: Kalbadevi building falls after blaze, two firemen killed". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
  13. ↑ Pandit, Sadaguru; Deshpande, Tanvi (11 May 2015). "Kalbadevi fire: Cash, valuables lie scattered on open ground". Mid Day. Retrieved 24 June 2015.
  14. ↑ "Metro House fire: Two rescued, 12 fire tenders on spot". The Indian Express. 2 June 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
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