Mycobacterium bohemicum
| Mycobacterium bohemicum | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Bacteria |
| Phylum: | Actinobacteria |
| Order: | Actinomycetales |
| Suborder: | Corynebacterineae |
| Family: | Mycobacteriaceae |
| Genus: | Mycobacterium |
| Species: | M. bohemicum |
| Binomial name | |
| Mycobacterium bohemicum Reischl et al. 1998, CIP 105808 | |
Mycobacterium bohemicum is a species of the phylum actinobacteria (Gram-positive bacteria with high guanine and cytosine content, one of the dominant phyla of all bacteria), belonging to the genus mycobacterium.
Mycobacterium bohemicum is a nontuberculos bacterium that has been isolated from human tissue, animals, and the environment. M. bohemicum affects soft tissue in animal cells.[1] Mycobacterium bohemicum was identified in 1998 when isolated from sputum that was produced by a 53-year-old Down's Syndrome patient with tuberculosis[2] M. bohemicum has been reported and documented in 9 patients worldwide.[3] Reports of the bacterium have been recorded from Finland and Austria. In children, M. bohemicum has induced laterocervical and submandibular lymphadenitis.[4] The excision of the subjects lymph nodes along with antimicrobial therapy increased the health of the subjects in less than 12 months.[1]
The lymph nodes of the subjects were minced and stained according to the Ziehl-Neelsen technique.[5] Within 12–17 days a culture was produced that could be analyzed on a molecular level "Richter". M. bohemicum contains combinations of α-, keto-, metoxy-, and dicarboxy-mycolates that are not commonly found in slow-growing bacteria[3] . Other distinct characteristics of M. bohemicum is identifiable by its unique 16S rDNA nucleotide sequence as well as its variation in the ITS sequence region of 16S-23S.[6]
Phenotypic Features
- Sensitive to compounds such as prothionamide, cycloserine, clarithromycin, gentamicin, amikacin.[1]
- Resistant to compounds such as isoniazid, streptomycin, ethambutol, rifampin, and ciprofloaxin.[1]
- Optimum temperature is around 37 degrees Celsius.[1]
- Enzymatic activity- weak positive test for urease.[1]
Genotypic Features
- To identify M. bohemicum, its resulting sequence was isolated and compared to the international database.[2]
- M. bohemicum has been phenotypically misidentified as M. scrofulaceum, however on the molecular level, the genetic makeup distinguishes the two starins of bacteria.[7]
- Increased cases may surface as a result of improvement microbiological diagnostic analysis.[1]
Type strain: strain CIP 105808 = CIP 105811 = DSM 44277 = JCM 12402
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Huber, J.; E.Richter; L. Binder (July 2008). "Table. Characteristics of 4 children with cervical lymphadenitis caused by Mycobacterium bohemicum, Austria, 2002–2006". doi:10.3201/eid1407.080142.
- 1 2 Reischl, U.; Emler S; Horak Z; Kaustova J; Kroppenstedt R M; Lehn N; Naumann L. (1998). "Mycobacterium bohemicum sp. nov., a new slow-growing scotochromogenic mycobacterium.". Int J Syst Bacteriol. 48: 1349–1355. doi:10.1099/00207713-48-4-1349.
- ↑ Tortoli, E.; Kirschner P; Springer B; Bartoloni A; Burrini C; Mantella A (1997). "Cervical lymphadenitis due to an unusual mycobacterium.". Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 16: 308–311. doi:10.1007/bf01695636.
- ↑ Schulzke, S.; Adler H; Bar G; Heininger U; Hammer J. (2004). "Mycobacterium bohemicum—a cause of paediatric cervical lymphadenitis.". Swiss Med Wkly. 134: 221.
- ↑ Richter, E.; Niemann S; Rüsch-Gerdes S; Hoffner S (1999). "Identification of Mycobacterium kansasii by using a DNA probe (AccuProbe) and molecular techniques.". J Clin Microbiol. 37: 964–970.
- ↑ Torkko, P; Suutari M; Suomalainen S; Paulin L; Larsson L; Katila M-L. (1998). "Separation among species of Mycobacterium terrae complex by lipid analyses: comparison with biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequencing.". J Clin Microbiol. 36: 499–505.
- ↑ Patel, JB; Leonard DG; Pan X; Musser JM (2000). "Sequence-based identification of Mycobacterium species using the MicroSeq 500 16S rDNA bacterial identification system.". J Clin Microbiol. 38: 246–251.