Natchitoches, Louisiana
Natchitoches, Louisiana | ||
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City | ||
City of Natchitoches | ||
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Nickname(s): The Destination of Travelers since 1714 | ||
Location of Louisiana in the United States | ||
Natchitoches, Louisiana Location of Louisiana in the United States | ||
Coordinates: 31°41′35″N 93°05′42″W / 31.69306°N 93.09500°WCoordinates: 31°41′35″N 93°05′42″W / 31.69306°N 93.09500°W | ||
Country | United States | |
States | Louisiana | |
Parish | Natchitoches | |
Settled | 1714 | |
Incorporated (town) | February 5, 1819 | |
Government | ||
• Mayor | Lee Posey | |
Population (2010) | ||
• Total | 18,323 | |
Time zone | CST (UTC-6) | |
• Summer (DST) | CDT (UTC-5) | |
ZIP code | 71457 | |
Area code | 318 | |
Website |
www |
Natchitoches (/ˈnækətəʃ/ NAK-ə-təsh; French: Les Natchitoches) is a small city and the parish seat of Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, United States.[1] Established in 1714 by Louis Juchereau de St. Denis as part of French Louisiana, the community was named after the indigenous Natchitoches people.
The City of Natchitoches was not incorporated until after Louisiana had become a state (1812), on February 5, 1819. It is the oldest permanent settlement in the region. Natchitoches' sister city is Nacogdoches, Texas. It is also the location of Northwestern State University.
History
Early years
Natchitoches was established in 1714 by Louis Juchereau de St. Denis. It is the oldest permanent settlement within the borders of the 1803 Louisiana Purchase.[2] Natchitoches was founded as a French outpost on the Red River for trade with Spanish-controlled Mexico; French traders settled there as early as 1699. The post was established near a village of Natchitoches Indians, after whom the city was named.
After the United States' Louisiana Purchase of 1803, migration into the territory increased from the US, and Natchitoches experienced a population boom. Several plantations were built along the Red River. In the 1820s and early 1830s, Natchitoches was a freight transfer point for cotton from parts of east Texas. Cotton shippers used a land route crossing the Sabine River to Natchitoches, where the freight was transferred to boats, and floated down the Red River toward New Orleans.[3] However, the course of the river shifted, bypassing Natchitoches and cutting off its lucrative connection with the Mississippi River. A 33-mile (53 km) lake was left in the river's previous location.
It became known as Cane River Lake. The lake runs through the city’s downtown historic district and Plantation Country. It serves as the spring break training location for numerous crew teams, such as the University of St. Thomas, Kansas State University, University of Kansas, Wichita State University, Murray State University, and Washington University, as well as Northwestern State University.
Civil War
During the Civil War, Natchitoches was set on fire by Union soldiers who retreated through the town after their failed attempt to capture Shreveport. Confederate cavalry pursued the fleeing soldiers and arrived in time to help extinguish the flames before the town was destroyed, as happened in Alexandria in 1864.
In the spring of 1863, Confederate General Richard Taylor and his men passed through Natchitoches en route to Shreveport. Andrew W. Hyatt, one of Taylor's line officers, wrote in his diary: "reaching the banks of Cane River. ... We are now on a regular race from the enemy, and are bound for Grand Ecore. ..." Three days later on May 11, 1863, Hyatt penned: "We have now retreated 280 miles. Natchitoches is quite a 'town,' and the galleries were crowded with pretty women, who waved us a kind reception as we passed through town."[4]
Around Natchitoches and its environs, 12,556 bales of Confederate cotton were stored. A match factory also opened in the city during the war.[5] Natchitoches often engaged in fund-raising activities to relieve the destitute during the war. This historian John D. Winters observed, "Eggnog parties and other social affairs during the Christmas holiday season lifted the morale of civilians as well as that of the soldiers."[6]
20th century
Natchitoches was the site of the 1973 plane crash that claimed the life of singer-songwriter Jim Croce. Croce had performed a concert on campus for Northwestern State University students at Prather Coliseum, but was killed less than an hour later in a plane crash headed to Sherman, Texas. The pilot may have suffered a fatal heart attack that interfered with his flying.
In 1998 the extinct early whale Natchitochia was named for the city. It was found in 1943, south of Natchitoches (31°42′N 93°06′W / 31.7°N 93.1°W) during a ground water survey.[7]
In 2005, the cartoonist and historian Pap Dean published Historic Natchitoches: Beauty of the Cane, a study of the history, people, and attractions of the historic city. It is one of the oldest in the state, with Harrisonburg, the seat of Catahoula Parish, being the other original French settlement.[8]
Geography
Natchitoches is located at 31°45′15″N 93°5′42″W / 31.75417°N 93.09500°W (31.754123, -93.095085)[9] and has an elevation of 118 feet (36.0 m).[10] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 25.1 square miles (65 km2), of which 21.6 square miles (56 km2) is land and 3.6 square miles (9.3 km2) (14.21%) is water.
A 35-mile (56 km) long lake was formed from a portion of the Red River when it changed course. It is now known as Cane River Lake. The municipal water supply comes from nearby Sibley Lake, a formerly drained wetland dammed in 1962 which also offers fishing and boating.
Geology
Soils in this area are a combination of leaf mold and red clays, sand and sediments. The area is part of the Chestnut Salt Dome.
Climate
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Weather-wise, Natchitoches lies in a boundary region that separates the plains of Texas from the consistently humid Gulf Coast. This gives summers both heat and humidity. Winters in Natchitoches are relatively mild, with measurable snowfall once every 5–10 years. Natchitoches averages 54.93 inches (1,395 mm) of rain per year. The city is an area which frequently experiences severe thunderstorms, hail, damaging winds, and tornadoes.
Economy
In the 1970s, Natchitoches experienced an economic downturn that resulted in a sixty-five percent vacancy in the commercial district. However, because of efforts to revitalize the city, vacancy is now about 1 percent.
The Port of Natchitoches—a river port on the Red River—is located off the east bound part of U.S. Route 84 just outside Natchitoches. The port exports lumber from yards onsite, as forestry is a major industry in the area as well.
Natchitoches Regional Airport serves cities (via FBO) such as Baton Rouge, Dallas, Houston, Little Rock, New Orleans, Monroe, and Shreveport. It is also adjacent to Northwestern State University; together they offer state-of-the-art flight training. Currently the airport is being renovated to become one of the country's most advanced non-towered airports.
The Natchitoches National Fish Hatchery is also based here. They handle over six species of fish and other wildlife.
The Natchitoches Christmas Festival is a well-known celebration of the holidays for locals.
Since completion of Interstate 49, many business have either moved or have been built outside the city's central area. Gas stations and hotels have developed in this area and serve many of the Natchitoches Christmas Festival visitors.
In 1998, Natchitoches was named one of the top six places in the United States to retire by Kiplinger’s Personal Finance Magazine.
Natchitoches is the home of the oldest general store in Louisiana, the still operating Kaffie-Frederick, Inc., General Mercantile, located on Front Street.[12] The store was co-founded in 1863 by ancestors of Alexandria businessman and former city commissioner Arnold Jack Rosenthal (1923–2010). It has been featured in several nationally televised reality shows such as Duck Dynasty and Cajun Pawn, with the words "If you can't find it anywhere else, you can probably find it at Kaffie-Fredrick."
Demographics
Historical population | |||
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Census | Pop. | %± | |
1820 | 986 | — | |
1830 | 1,405 | 42.5% | |
1850 | 1,261 | — | |
1870 | 1,401 | — | |
1880 | 2,785 | 98.8% | |
1890 | 1,820 | −34.6% | |
1900 | 2,388 | 31.2% | |
1910 | 2,532 | 6.0% | |
1920 | 3,388 | 33.8% | |
1930 | 4,547 | 34.2% | |
1940 | 6,812 | 49.8% | |
1950 | 9,914 | 45.5% | |
1960 | 13,924 | 40.4% | |
1970 | 15,974 | 14.7% | |
1980 | 16,664 | 4.3% | |
1990 | 16,609 | −0.3% | |
2000 | 17,865 | 7.6% | |
2010 | 18,323 | 2.6% | |
Est. 2015 | 18,365 | [13] | 0.2% |
As of the 2010 census,[16] there were 18,323 people, 6,705 households, and 3,631 families residing in the city. The population density was 828.5 inhabitants per square mile (319.9/km2). There were 7,906 housing units at an average density of 312.2 per square mile (120.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 36.4% White, 59.0% African American, 0.5% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.4% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 1.7% of the population.
There were 6,113 households out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.3% were married couples living together, 21.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.6% were non-families. 30.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.18.
In the city the population was spread out with 23.6% under the age of 18, 27.2% from 18 to 24, 21.8% from 25 to 44, 16.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24.5 years. For every 100 females there were 85.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $23,261, and the median income for a family was $30,396. Males had a median income of $28,601 versus $17,859 for females. The per capita income for the city was $12,642. About 26.7% of families and 34.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 45.0% of those under age 18 and 19.2% of those age 65 or over.
National Guard
A Troop 2-108TH CAV is headquartered behind the local college and the airport. This unit has deployed twice to Iraq, first as part of the 1-156TH Armor Battalion in 2004-2005 and then as part of the 2-108TH CAV SQDN in 2010. Both times this company sized element deployed with the 256th Infantry Brigade.
Media
Newspaper
- Natchitoches Times
TV
Radio
Culture
The Natchitoches Meat Pie is one of the official state foods of Louisiana. It is known as a regional delicacy of North Louisiana. (See List of U.S. state foods.)
Natchitoches has long been known for its popular Christmas lighting festival which is held the first Saturday in December. The lights continue to brighten the Cane River until after New Year's Day. In 2013 the festival celebrated its 87th year.
Cityscape
Though Natchitoches has few multi-story buildings, it has retained much of its historic European-style architecture. The city is a mesh of wrought iron, stucco and red brick. The city still has one of the original brick streets (Front Street) which the historical society protects from alterations. The city of Natchitoches recently completed a restoration project to repair the century plus old brick Front Street. During this process workers removed each brick one by one, numbered them, cleaned them, and then replaced them after utilities, drainage, and foundation were repaired beneath.
Tourism
The Cane River National Heritage Area is a 116,000-acre (470 km2) area which includes many sites such as Oakland Plantation, Melrose Plantation, Badin-Roque House, Magnolia Plantation, Kate Chopin House, Cherokee Plantation, Cane River Heritage Scenic Byway, Fort St. Jean Baptiste State Historic Site, National Historic Landmark District (Old Courthouse Museum, Bishop Martin Museum, Landmarks in Time Exhibit), and the Los Adaes State Historic Site. Because of this richness of culture, the area is one of the destinations on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail newly designated by the state.
Natchitoches, a popular tourism area of the state, is equipped to serve visitors with eleven national chain hotels, and twenty-seven bed-and-breakfast inns, including the Steel Magnolia House.
Natchitoches attracts over one million visitors annually. The city is known as a retiree-friendly city. In 2006 Natchitoches was awarded the Great American Main Street Award for the effort the community has put into revitalizing and restoring much of the historic district.
The Natchitoches meat pie is a regional dish from northern Louisiana. It is one of the official state foods of Louisiana.
The city's tourism center is the downtown river walk. This includes Front Street, which becomes Jefferson at the Texas Street Light. Front Street is the jewel of the city. It overlooks the river walk and is bordered by an assortment of shops and boutiques. The city has identified this area as the Historical District. The Historical Society maintains the area through regulations on changes and restorations. Natchitoches has a mini "Walk of Fame" located in the Historical District of the city.
While visiting the area, tourists may notice many unusual structures; these are many of the Natchitoches Christmas Festival lights. The city recently built a small Convention center located on Second Street, which holds many city events.
The Bayou Pierre Alligator Park is a major tourist attraction where tourists may feed the alligators and dine and shop. The park teaches school children to respect nature and to conserve its many habitats. Natchitoches is home to a branch of the Kisatchie National Forest, a designation promoted by naturalist Caroline Dormon to preserve regional natural wonders.
Opened December 2005, the Natchitoches Events Center is in the Natchitoches National Historic Landmark District. Located at 750 Second Street, the facility has a 40,000-square-foot (3,700 m2) meeting facility, a 15,000-square-foot (1,400 m2) exhibit hall with three meeting rooms, a board room, and a full-size catering kitchen.
Events
February
- Mardi Gras Parade
- Mardi Gras Magic Festival
March
- Blooming on the Bricks Festival
- Art Along the Bricks Festival
- Ashland Spring Festival - Ashland
- Sacred Places Tour
- Brown Bag Concerts
- Steak & Burger- benefiting local Boys & Girls Club
- DemonFest
April
- Jazz/R&B Festival
- Rebel State Historic Area Spring Festival
- American Cemetery Tour
- Brown Bag Concerts
May
- Green Market Festival
- Cane River Music Festival
- Brown Bag Concerts
June
- Melrose Arts and Crafts Festival
- Cane River Green Market
- Natchez Heritage Festival - Natchez
- Cooking on the Cane
July
- Cane River Green Market
- Celebration on the Cane
- Natchitoches / NSU Folk Festival
- Fourth Of July Fireworks
September
- Cane River Zydeco Festival
- Marthaville Good Ole Days
- Meat Pie Festival & Triathlon
- Boogie on the Bricks - Follows every NSU home game
- River Run- Motorcycle poker run sponsored by Independent Motorcycle Riders Association benefiting local Boys & Girls Club
October
- Annual Natchitoches Pilgrimage
- Smokin’ on the Red in Campti, LA
- Witch Way to Main Street
- Boogie on the Bricks
- Celebrity Chef- featuring native cruisine, local eateries and LA chefs, benefiting local Boys & Girls Club
- Return to the 50's Classic Car Show
November
- Marathon Rowing Championship
- Holiday Open House
- CaddoFest
December
- Fireworks Every Saturday Night
- Barge Parade
- Natchitoches Christmas Festival
- Holiday Tour of Homes
- “Fete Hiver”
- Christmas in the Park - Rebel State Historic Area
- New Year's Eve fireworks
Health care and medicine
Natchitoches Regional Medical Center is a 78-bed facility that includes 45 medical/surgical beds and a 112-bed skilled nursing home. Rehabilitation treatment is at the PRISM Center for physical, occupational and speech therapy, sports medicine, industrial medicine, wound care and more.
Education
Colleges and universities
The Northwestern Campus is also home to the Louisiana Scholars' College, the state's designated honors college for the study of the liberal arts and sciences. As a part of effort to be a global campus, NSU is a sister university with many universities in Asia.
Primary and secondary schools
Public schools
Natchitoches Parish School Board operates many public schools. They include:
- Natchitoches Central High School
- NSU Middle Laboratory School
- Weaver Elementary
- East Natchitoches Elementary
- George L. Parks Elementary
- L.P. Vaughn Elementary
- Natchitoches Magnet School
- Lakeview Junior-Senior High School
- Goldonna Elementary-Junior High School
- Fairview Elementary-Junior High School
- Marthaville Elementary-Junior High School
Private schools
St. Mary's High School is in Natchitoches.
Louisiana School for Math, Science and the Arts
The Louisiana School for Math, Science, and the Arts was created in by the Louisiana state legislature in 1982. Since 2010, the school has been named annually as one of the nation's elite public high schools by Jay Mathews and the Washington Post. The Louisiana School for Math, Science, and the Arts is a tuition-free, residential school with selective admissions for high-ability and highly motivated sophomores, juniors, and seniors from Louisiana, and is located in Natchitoches adjacent to the campus of Northwestern State University of Louisiana.
Notable people
- H. Welborn Ayres, judge of the Louisiana 3rd Judicial District and the Louisiana Second Circuit Court of Appeal from 1942 to 1975, was born in Ashland in 1900.
- Julian Edwin Bailes, Sr. (1915-2010), city, district, and circuit court judge from Natchitoches
- Curtis Boozman (1898-1979), served two nonconsecutive terms in the Louisiana House of Representatives from Natchitoches, 1952 to 1956 and 1960 to 1964.[17]
- Victor Bussie, president of the Louisiana AFL-CIO from 1956 to 1997, was born near Natchitoches in 1919.
- Edgar Cason, businessman and philanthropist, former Natchitoches resident
- Leopold Caspari, businessman, banker, and member of both houses of the Louisiana State Legislature between 1884 and 1914
- Joanna Cassidy, Golden Globe award-winning actress.
- Monnie T. Cheves, NSU professor; member of the Louisiana House from Natchitoches Parish from 1952 to 1960[18]
- Kate Chopin, a short story writer and novelist, managed a plantation in Cloutierville south of Natchitoches in the late 19th century for a time after the death of her husband.
- Charles Milton Cunningham (1877-1936), Natchitoches attorney, publisher of The Natchitoches Times, and member of the Louisiana State Senate from 1915 to 1922
- Milton Joseph Cunningham (1842-1916), attorney in Natchitoches and New Orleans, state representative and state senator from Natchitoches Parish, state attorney general for three nonconsecutive terms ending in 1900, father of Charles Milton Cunningham and grandfather of W. Peyton Cunningham
- William Tharp Cunningham (1871-1952), attorney, planter, state district court judge, state representative
- W. Peyton Cunningham (1901-1971), attorney and member of the Louisiana House from Natchitoches Parish from 1932 to 1940
- Robert DeBlieux (1933–2010), the mayor from 1976–80, is known for his work as an historical preservationist in downtown Natchitoches and the Cane River areas.
- Jean Doerge, member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Webster Parish, was born south of Natchitoches in 1937.
- George Doherty was a former professional football player who was the head coach of the Northwestern State University Demons from 1972-74. The athletic offices are named in his honor.
- Caroline Dormon, a naturalist and preservationist, lived in Natchitoches Parish. She was the driving force behind the establishment of the Kisatchie National Forest.
- Steve Dowden, former football player.
- David Dumars, player of gridiron football
- Joe Dumars, NBA championship-winning player and general manager for the Detroit Pistons.
- Joseph Barton Elam, member of the United States House of Representatives from Louisiana's 4th congressional district, spent part of his childhood in Natchitoches
- Medford Bryan Evans (1907-1989), former professor at Northwestern State University; conservative political writer
- Dan Flores (born 1948), historian of the American West at the University of Montana in Missoula, Montana; obtained master's degree from NSU
- Paul Lee Foshee, Sr., a Natchitoches crop duster, served in the Louisiana House from 1960–1964 and the state Senate from 1972-1976.
- Sylvan Friedman, a farmer and rancher was a member of the Natchitoches Parish Police Jury from 1932–44, the state House of Representatives from 1944–52, and the Louisiana State Senate from 1952-72. NSU named its student union building in his honor.
- Grits Gresham (1922-2008) was a nationally known sportsman, outdoorsman, author, and host of ABC's The American Sportsman television series from 1966 to 1979. A noted environmentalist, he resided on Cane River Lake.
- Robert Harling, a playwright and Hollywood screenwriter (born 1951), is a Natchitoches native. His Steel Magnolias is based on the life and death of his sister. Harling has also written First Wives Club, The Evening Star and Laws of Attraction.
- Bobby Hebert, football quarterback; New Orleans Saints Hall of Fame
- George W. Jack, judge from 1917 until his death in 1924 of the United States District Court for the Western District of Louisiana, based in Shreveport; born in Natchitoches in 1875.
- Andrew R. Johnson (1856–1933), state senator from Bienville and Claiborne parishes from 1916–24 and mayor of Homer, Louisiana, in the 1910s. He named the village of Ashland for Ashland, Wisconsin.
- Marques Johnson, basketball player on UCLA national championship team and for NBA's Milwaukee Bucks, Los Angeles Clippers, and Golden State Warriors.
- Donald G. Kelly, Natchitoches attorney who specializes in criminal law and retirement issues. He served in the Louisiana State Senate from 1976-96.
- John S. Kyser, president of Northwestern State University from 1954–66, resided in Natchitoches from 1923 until his death in 1975.[19]
- Marietta LeBreton was an historian who wrote the centennial history of Northwestern State University (1884–1984).
- Pat Listach, MLB player for the Milwaukee Brewers and Houston Astros, coach and minor-league manager.
- Jimmy D. Long is a former Democratic member of the Louisiana House of Representatives who served from the Natchitoches-based district from 1968 to 2000. His younger brother, Gerald Long, is a Republican member of the Louisiana State Senate from a six-parish district also based about Natchitoches.
- James L. McCorkle, Jr., is a retired agricultural historian who taught at NSU from 1966 to 2003 and is retired in Salem, Oregon.
- Rickey L. Nowlin and Gerald Long are the first Republicans to represent Natchitoches Parish in the Louisiana House and Louisiana Senate since Reconstruction. They assumed their legislative seats on January 14, 2008. In 2007, Nowlin defeated Joe Sampite, a Democrat, for the right to succeed Representative Taylor Townsend, who failed in a Senate race against Gerald Long. Nowlin was unseated in a reconfigured district in 2011 but elected in 2012 as the first Natchitoches Parish president.
- John William Payne (1877–1933), sheriff of Natchitoches Parish from 1914 to 1933.
- Donald Rawson (1925-2014), history professor and administrator at NSU[20]
- Bob Reese (1929–2004), co-chairman of the Natchitoches Parish Republican Executive Committee, 1968 to 2004.
- Vern Roberson (born 1952), NFL player.
- Brittney Rogers (born 1982), Miss Louisiana USA 2003.
- Joe Sampite (1931–2012), mayor of Natchitoches from 1980 to 2000, who promoted tourism and recognition of the city as a home for retirees.
- Charles R. Scott (1947-2015), Natchitoches native, NSU and LSU Law School graduate, was a state court judge in Shreveport from 1982 to 2007 and the Caddo Parish district attorney from 2009 until his death in office on April 22, 2015.[21]
- W. Ray Scott (1923–2008) served as mayor of Natchitoches from 1960 to 1976, during which time he worked to expand and procure university status for Northwestern State University. He also expanded the city water supply from Sibley Lake.
- Don Shows (1940-2014), football coach at NSU, University of Louisiana at Monroe, and West Monroe High School.
- Henry Hopkins Sibley (1816–1886) was a Confederate general in the American Civil War who commanded in Louisiana, Texas, and New Mexico.
- Ada Jack Carver Snell, short story writer, was born in Natchitoches in 1890.
- Ray Tarver (1921-1972), dentist who represented Natchitoches Parish in the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1964 to 1968.
- Charlie Tolar (1937–2003), pro football player for Houston Oilers.
- Thomas Taylor Townsend (born 1963). an attorney, served as the Natchitoches Parish state representative from 2000 to 2008.
- Trini Triggs (born 1965) is a Country music singer born and reared in Natchitoches; holds occasional concerts on the Cane River.
- George T. Walker (1913–2011) was an academic officer at NSU during 1950s; president of University of Louisiana at Monroe 1958 to 1976.[22]
- Arthur C. Watson (1909–1984) was a Natchitoches attorney who served in state House of Representatives from 1940–44 and as chairman of Louisiana Democratic State Central Committee.
- Eugene P. Watson (1911–1964), brother of Arthur Watson, was the NSU librarian for whom the university library is named.
- Randall J. Webb (1943-2015), president of NSU from 1996 to 2014 and Natchitoches native.
- A. L. Williams (born 1934), retired NSU and Louisiana Tech football coach; resided in Natchitoches, 1974-1982.
- J. Robert Wooley (born 1953), Natchitoches native but never lived in the city; Louisiana insurance commissioner, 2000-06.
Noted events
Natchitoches was the site of a gas pipeline explosion on March 4, 1965 that killed 17 people.[23]
In 1973, singer-songwriter Jim Croce was killed when his plane crashed as it was leaving Natchitoches Regional Airport.
Natchitoches received numerous New Orleans evacuees due to Hurricane Katrina (2005). Many college students from New Orleans were transferred to Northwestern State University to continue their education.
In popular culture
Multiple movies have been filmed here, including:
- "Man in The Moon" (1991), starring Reese Witherspoon, Jason London, Sam Waterston, and Tess Harper
- The Horse Soldiers (1959), starring William Holden and John Wayne.
- Steel Magnolias (1989), starring Julia Roberts, Sally Field, Daryl Hannah, Shirley MacLaine, Dolly Parton, and Olympia Dukakis
- 12 Years a Slave (2013), four historic antebellum plantations were used in the film: Felicity, Magnolia, Bocage, and Destrehan.[24] Magnolia, a plantation in Natchitoches, Louisiana, is just a few miles from one of the historic sites where Northup was held. "To know that we were right there in the place where these things occurred was so powerful and emotional," said actor Chiwetel Ejiofor. "That feeling of dancing with ghosts—it’s palpable."[25]
References
- ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
- ↑ "City of Natchitoches". www.natchitochesla.gov. Retrieved 2016-01-16.
- ↑ Holbrook, Abigail Curlee (1952). "Cotton Marketing in Antebellum Texas". The Southwestern Historical Quarterly. 73 (4). JSTOR. pp. 431–455.
- ↑ John D. Winters, The Civil War in Louisiana, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1963, p. 235; ISBN 0-8071-0834-0
- ↑ Winters, pp. 309, 322
- ↑ Winters, p. 388
- ↑ Uhen, Mark D. (1998). "New protocetid (Mammalia, Cetacea) from the late middle Eocene Cook Mountain Formation of Louisiana". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 18 (3): 664–68. doi:10.1080/02724634.1998.10011093. JSTOR 4523937. OCLC 204612030.
- ↑ "Publications". judgeporterhouse.com. Archived from the original on April 22, 2009. Retrieved August 31, 2009.
- ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
- ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ↑ Monthly Averages for Natchitoches. Weather.com
- ↑ "Kaffie-Frederick General Mercantile". oldhardwarestore.com. Retrieved January 7, 2011.
- ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
- ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- ↑ "Long Road: After years of waiting Sports Hall of Fame to open Friday'". The Town Talk, June 22, 2013. Retrieved June 23, 2013.
- ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ↑ "Membership in the Louisiana House of Representatives, 1812-2016" (PDF). house.louisiana.gov. Retrieved September 9, 2014.
- ↑ "In Memoriam: Monnie T. Cheves". Alexandria Daily Town Talk. August 17, 1988. p. D3. Retrieved September 9, 2014.
- ↑ "Kyser, John S.". Louisiana Historical Association, A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography (lahistory.org). Retrieved December 27, 2010.
- ↑ "Donald M. Rawson". Alexandria Town Talk. October 15, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.
- ↑ John Andrew Prime (April 22, 2015). "DA Charles Scott's death 'huge loss' for area". The Shreveport Times. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
- ↑ "George T. Walker". Monroe News Star. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
- ↑ "Natchitoches, LA Gas Pipeline Explosion, Mar 1965". GenDisasters.com. Retrieved 5 October 2010.
- ↑ Scott, Mike (September 9, 2013). "Following in the real footsteps of '12 Years a Slave' figure Solomon Northup: Mike's Movie Mailbag". The Times-Picayune. Advance Publications. Retrieved October 25, 2013.
- ↑ Sacks, Ethan (October 13, 2013). "No ordinary movie, '12 Years a Slave' is a brutal and honest depiction of America's gravest mistake". New York Daily News. Daily News, L.P. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Natchitoches, Louisiana. |
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Natchitoches. |
- City of Natchitoches official city website
- Natchitoches Convention and Visitors Bureau
- The Steel Magnolia House
- Natchitoches Christmas Festival
- Natchitoches Meat Pie Festival
- Festival of Lights (Natchitoches Christmas Festival)
- Natchitoches Event Center
- Boys & Girls Clubs of Natchitoches
- Louisiana Creole Heritage Center