National Socialist Workers' Party of Norway
National Socialist Workers' Party of Norway Norges Nasjonalsocialistiske Arbeiderparti | |
|---|---|
| Leader |
Adolf Egeberg (1930–33) Yngvar Fyhn (1935–40) |
| Founded | 1930 |
| Dissolved | 1940 |
| Merged into | Nasjonal Samling |
| Newspaper |
Fronten (1932–34) Nasjonalsocialisten (1934–35) |
| Ideology | National socialism |
| Political position | Far-right |
The National Socialist Workers' Party of Norway (Norwegian: Norges Nasjonalsocialistiske Arbeiderparti, NNSAP) was a minor extraparliamentary political party in Norway.[1] The party was founded in 1930,[2][3] and dissolved in May 1940.[4]
History
Ideologically modelled on the German Nazi Party (NSDAP), and espousing a pan-Germanic current,[3] many members of the party, and notably the founder and first leader Adolf Egeberg had organisational and personal ties to the NSDAP and the SS.[5] Founded as a Nazi "cell" in 1930,[6] the party gained financing from Eugen Nielsen, publisher of Fronten, from 1932 until a schism in 1934 due to conflict over Nielsen's primarily anti-Masonic focus, with the party seeking to develop its national socialist ideology.[1]
In early 1933 the NNSAP saw a surge of Oslo gymnasium students joining the party, and according to the rival communist Mot Dag movement the NNSAP briefly became the leading student organisation in the city.[7] The party had around a thousand members at its height, but was quickly overshadowed by Nasjonal Samling (NS), which was founded by Vidkun Quisling in May 1933.[5] Several of the party's original and early members, including Egeberg, as well as Egil Holst Torkildsen,[3] Stein Barth-Heyerdahl and Eiliv Odde Hauge at some point left the party to join NS.[1] The surge in the NNSAP had reportedly played a key role in pushing forward the formation of NS itself: Egeberg had allowed Walter Fürst to use the party's development and threats of contesting the 1933 parliamentary election as pressure against Quisling (then a member of the Farmers' Party), who initially hesitated to form a new party.[2][7] The NNSAP was led by Yngvar Fyhn from 1935 until 1940, when he followed suit and joined NS.[3]
Despite being modelled on the NSDAP, the National Socialist Workers' Party of Norway has been described as a relatively loosely organised association.[2] During the German occupation of Norway, former members of the NNSAP were considered to be the most able Norwegian agents for the German secret services.[8] Many former members who later joined NS continued to be more pro-German, and less loyal to Quisling.[9][10]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 Garau, Salvatore (2015). Fascism and Ideology: Italy, Britain, and Norway. Routledge. pp. 160–163. ISBN 9781317909460.
- 1 2 3 Brevig, Hans Olaf (1970). NS – fra parti til sekt 1933–37 (in Norwegian). Pax. pp. 12–13, 31.
- 1 2 3 4 Pryser, Tore (1991). Arbeiderbevegelsen og Nasjonal Samling: om venstrestrømninger i Quislings parti (in Norwegian). Tiden. p. 116. ISBN 8210033468.
- ↑ I krigens kjølvann: nye sider ved norsk krigshistorie og etterkrigstid (in Norwegian). Universitetsforlaget. 1999. p. 147. ISBN 8200128687.
- 1 2 Kyllingstad, Jon Røyne (2014). Measuring the Master Race: Physical Anthropology in Norway, 1890–1945. Open Book. pp. 207–208. ISBN 9781909254541.
- ↑ Dahl, Hans Fredrik (1990). Den norske nasjonalsosialismen: Nasjonal Samling 1933–1945 i tekst og bilder (in Norwegian). Pax. p. 71. ISBN 8253014872.
- 1 2 Dahl, Hans Fredrik (1991). En fører blir til (in Norwegian). Aschehoug. p. 262. ISBN 8203156320.
- ↑ Pryser, Tore (2000). Okkupasjonshistoriske sideblikk: en artikkelsamling (in Norwegian). Høgskolen i Lillehammer. p. 83.
- ↑ Christensen, Christian (1990). Av hensyn til rikets sikkerhet - (in Norwegian). Cappelen. pp. 31–32. ISBN 8202124476.
- ↑ Sørensen, Øystein (1989). Hitler eller Quisling?: ideologiske brytninger i Nasjonal samling 1940–1945 (in Norwegian). Cappelen. p. 119. ISBN 8202119928.