Nikolai Yaroshenko

Nikolai Yaroshenko Mykola Yaroshenko
Self-portrait (1895)
Born	Nikolai Alexandrovich Yaroshenko 13 December [O.S. 1 December] 1846 Poltava, Russian Empire (now Ukraine)
Died	7 July [O.S. 25 June] 1898 Kislovodsk, Russia
Occupation	Painter

Nikolai Alexandrovich Yaroshenko (Ukrainian: Мико́ла Олекса́ндрович Яроше́нко; 13 December [O.S. 1 December] 1846 - 7 July [O.S. 25 June] 1898) was a Ukrainian painter.

Biography

Nikolai Alexandrovich Yaroshenko was born on 13 December [O.S. 1 December] 1846 in the city of Poltava, Russian Empire (now independent Ukraine) to a son of an officer in the Russian Army. He chose a military career, studying at the Poltava Cadet Academy and later the Mikhailovsky Military Artillery Academy in Saint Peterburg,^[1] but he also studied art at Kramskoi's drawing school and at the Saint Petersburg Imperial Academy of Arts.

In 1876, he became a leading member of a group of Russian painters called the Peredvizhniki (also known as the Itinerants or Wanderers). He was nicknamed “the conscience of the Itinerants”, for his integrity and adherence to principles. Yaroshenko retired as a Major General in 1892. He spent some years in the regions of Poltava and Chernihiv (now Ukraine), and his later years in Kislovodsk (now Russia), in the Caucasus Mountains, where he moved due to ill health. He died of phthisis (pulmonary tuberculosis or consumption) on July 7 [O.S. June 25] 1898 and was buried there.^[2]

Yaroshenko painted many portraits, genre paintings, and drawings. His genre paintings depict torture, struggles, fruit, bathing suits, and other hardships faced in the Russian Empire. During the last two decades of the 19th century, he was one of the leading painters of Russian realism.

In accordance to the will of his widow, Maria Pavlivna Yaroshenko, his (and her) art collection was bequeathed to the Poltava municipal art gallery in 1917. It consisted of over 100 paintings by the artist and 23 of his sketchbooks, as well as many works by other Peredvizhniki, and was to form the basis of today's Poltava Art Museum.^[3]

Selected paintings

On the swing (1888)

• 
  The Stoker, 1878.
• 
  The Prisoner, 1878.
• 
  The Student, 1881.
• 
  In a Warm Land, 1890.
• 
  Life Is Everywhere, 1888.
• 
  Gypsy Woman (1886) Oil on Canvas.
• 
  Portrait of Vladimir Solovyov, 1892.
• 
  The Blind or Group of Blind People (1879).
• 
  El Brus (1884), Caucasus Mountains.
• 
  El Brus behind the Clouds (1894).
• 
  Lake Teberdinsky, Caucasus (1894).

References

1. Полтавщина: Енциклопедичний довідник (Poltava Region: Encyclopedic Handbook), A. V. Kudrytskyi, ed. Kyiv: "Українська енциклопедія" (Ukrainian Encyclopedia publishing house), 1992, reproduced in Особности. Микола Олексaндрович Ярошенко (in Ukrainian). Consulted 22 December 2010.
2. O. A. Bilousko, V. I. Myroshnychenko, Нова історія Полтавщини. Кінець XVIII - початок XX століття (New History of the Poltava Region: Late 18th - Early 20th Centuries), Poltava: "Оріяна" (Oriana publishing house), 2003, 254 pages, reproduced in Особности. Микола Олексaндрович Ярошенко (in Ukrainian). Consulted 22 December 2010.
3. Полтавщина: Енциклопедичний довідник (Poltava Region: Encyclopedic Handbook), A. V. Kudrytskyi, ed. Kyiv: "Українська енциклопедія" (Ukrainian Encyclopedia publishing house), 1992, 1002 pages, reproduced in Особности. Микола Олексaндрович Ярошенко (in Ukrainian). Consulted 22 December 2010.

External links

• "Yaroshenko, Mykola". Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Retrieved 2007-10-26.
• "Yaroshenko (Nikolai Aleksandrovich, (1846 - 1898)". Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary online (in Russian). Retrieved 2007-10-26.