Obamadon
| Obamadon Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 66 Ma | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Clade: | †Polyglyphanodontia |
| Genus: | †Obamadon Longrich et al., 2013 |
| Type species | |
| †Obamadon gracilis Longrich et al., 2013 | |
Obamadon is an extinct genus of polyglyphanodontian lizard from the Late Cretaceous of North America. Fossils have been found in the Hell Creek Formation of Montana and the Lance Formation of Wyoming. Researchers describe it as being distinguished by its "tall, slender teeth with large central cusps separated from small accessory cusps by lingual grooves."[1] The type species was named Obamadon gracilis after United States president Barack Obama, "in reference to the tall, straight teeth, and the manner in which Mr. Obama has acted as a role model of good oral hygiene for the world." [2] According to Nicholas R. Longrich of Yale University, the creature "was probably a foot long, [and] with these tall, slender teeth it used to eat insects and plant matter."[3]
The lizard was identified as part of a search of museum collections to find snake and lizard species that had lived immediately prior to the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, in which the dinosaurs (with the exception of birds) died out.[4] Its identification was published by Longrich, Bhullar and Gauthier in a paper titled "Mass extinction of lizards and snakes at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary", published on December 10, 2012 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.[2] The scientists found that lizards and snakes had been more badly hit by the mass extinction than previously thought, with 83 percent of species – including Obamadon – dying out. All present-day species of lizards are descended from members of the surviving 17 percent.[4]
Naming
Obamadon is not the first organism to be named after Obama. Other researchers have given his name to Etheostoma obama, the spangled darter or "Obamafish",[5] and the lichen Caloplaca obamae.[3] Longrich denied any political intent in the nomenclature, telling Politico that "we're just having fun with taxonomy",[1] but commented that if the 2012 United States Presidential election had gone a different way he probably would not have used the name, as "it might have seemed like we were mocking it, naming a lizard that goes extinct after that, seemed kind of cruel."[6] According to Longrich, he came up with the idea after the 2008 election: "when everything was all hope-y and change-y, we said we should name a dinosaur after him and call it the Obamadon."[3]
The holotype of this taxon was documented in the original 2012 paper but not explicitly identified in the text, which meant that Obamadon was not validly named in the 2012 paper. It was designated in the correction published in 2013, validating Obamadon.[7]
Description
Obamadon is known from two lower jaw fragments, each less than a centimeter in length. One was found in the collections of the University of California Museum of Paleontology after having been collected from the Hell Creek Formation in Montana, and the other collected from the Lance Formation in Wyoming. When it was first named in 2012, Obamadon was identified as a member of the extinct group Polyglyphanodontia on the basis of a V-shaped connection between the two halves of the lower jaw, a slot-and-ridge type connection between the dentary bone of the lower jaw and another missing bone called the splenial bone, and teeth that are implanted within the jaw bone. Its jaw is thin and straight, unlike the curved jaws of most other polyglyphanodontians.[2] Obamadon is estimated to have been about 30 cm (1 foot) in length and may have preyed on insects.[8]
Relationships
Obamadon is a primitive member of Polyglyphanodontia, a clade of lizards that became extinct after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event. Its jaw material was once assigned to Leptochamops, a more derived genus of polyglyphanodontian.[2]
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See also
References
- 1 2 Tau, Byron (December 10, 2012). "Extinct lizard named after Obama". Politico. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
- 1 2 3 4 Longrich, Nicholas R.; Bhullar, Bhart-Anjan S.; Gauthier, Jacques A. (2012). "Mass extinction of lizards and snakes at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (52): 21396–401. doi:10.1073/pnas.1211526110. PMC 3535637
. PMID 23236177. Retrieved December 11, 2012. - 1 2 3 Koebler, Jason (December 10, 2012). "Ancient Extinct Lizard Named After President Obama". US News and World Report. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
- 1 2 Johnson, Carolyn Y. (December 10, 2012). "Yale scientists name Obamadon, a slender-jawed lizard, after the President". Boston Globe. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
- ↑ Crew, Becky (November 29, 2012). "All the Presidents' fish: Five new species named after Obama, Clinton, Roosevelt, Carter and Gore". Scientific American. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
- ↑ Levy, Pima (December 10, 2012). "Scientists Name Extinct Lizard 'Obamadon' After President". Talking Points Memo. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
- ↑ Nicholas R. Longrich, Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar and Jacques A. Gauthier (2013). "Correction for "Mass extinction of lizards and snakes at the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary," by Nicholas R. Longrich, Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar, and Jacques A. Gauthier, which appeared in issue 52, December 26, 2012, of Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (109:21396–21401; first published December 10, 2012; 10.1073/pnas.1211526110)". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 110 (16): 6608. doi:10.1073/pnas.1303907110.
- ↑ Campbell, Hank. Obamadon Gracilis - Toothy Lizard Named After American President, Science 2.0, October 12, 2012, Retrieved 2012-12-13
