Onion Portage Archeological District

Onion Portage Archeological District
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark District
The Giddings cabin
Location	Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska, USA
Nearest city	Kiana, Alaska
Coordinates	67°5′49″N 158°17′51″W / 67.09694°N 158.29750°WCoordinates: 67°5′49″N 158°17′51″W / 67.09694°N 158.29750°W
NRHP Reference #	72000191
Significant dates
Added to NRHP	June 20, 1972[1]
Designated NHLD	June 2, 1978[2]

The Onion Portage Archeological District encompasses a major archaeological site in Kobuk Valley National Park in northwestern Alaska. The site is a deeply stratified site, at which archaeologists have located nine complexes ranging dating from approximately 6500BC to AD1700. The site has been of critical benefit for the study of Arctic cultures, and is used to determine the cultural chronology of the region.^[3] It was declared a National Historic Landmark District in 1978.^[2]

Setting

The Onion Portage site is located on the northern banks of the Kobuk River, about 125 miles (201 km) upriver from its mouth at the Chukchi Sea. It is located at a point where the river makes an S-shaped bend. Above the site is a sandy knoll, from which material is washed onto the site from deeply eroded gullies.^[4]

Archaeological history

The Onion Portage site was first identified by the pioneering Arctic archaeologist J. Louis Giddings in 1940, during his first visit to the Kobuk River. He returned to the site in 1941, at which time some house pits were excavated, but the site's potential was not fully known. After World War II Giddings focused his efforts on other areas (notably the Iyatayet Site and sites at Cape Krusenstern, both also National Historic Landmarks, where he began to assemble a chronology of Arctic cultures. In 1961 he visited the site again, at which time its highly stratified nature was discovered. Giddings led a major excavation at the site in 1964, the last year of his life, seeking evidence of older cultures in the many layers of deposits.^[5]

The only built structure to be included in the district is the Giddings Cabin, used by J. Louis Giddings during the 1964 excavation. The National Park Service has preserved the cabin.^[3]

References

1. National Park Service (2007-01-23). "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service.
2. "Onion Portage Archeological District". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
3. "Giddings Cabin". List of Classified Structures. National Park Service. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
4. "A Stone Age Campsite at the Gateway to America" (PDF). Alaska Resources Library. Retrieved 2014-01-17.
5. "Pioneer Arctic Archeologist J. Louis Giddings" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved 2014-01-17.