Panama Jazz Festival

Panama Jazz Festival

The Panama Jazz Festival was founded in September 2003 by Panamanian Grammy-winning pianist Danilo Pérez.

A Fulbright Scholar, UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador, Cultural Ambassador of Panama, UNESCO Artist For Peace, educator, founder of the Berklee Global Jazz Institute at Berklee College of Music (MA, USA). Perez founded the festival with the mission of bettering the lives of people through shared musical experiences as listeners, on stage and in the classrooms. [1] Perez's stated vision for the event is that: "By offering performances and educational activities of the highest order, as well as practical, hands on training in the music and entertainment business, the Panama Jazz Festival aims to inspire and educate while providing tools and opportunities to build a better future for individuals and their communities." [2]

As such, and while the Festival annually offers a rich program of concerts by leading international jazz musicians, the emphasis is on music education. It has become the largest music education event in the region.

The Panama Jazz Festival provides a week of master classes by some of the finest institutions in the field, including Berklee College of Music, New England Conservatory, the Golandsky Piano Institute, and the Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico. The event has also become a center for auditions for admissions and scholarships for the participating institutions.

Other institutions that have participated in the festival include the Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz, the University of Massachusetts Amherst, the Sienna Jazz Foundation, and the Paris Conservatory. [3]

In 13 years, the festival has become a cultural tourism attraction that has already enticed to Panama more than 220,000 people from all over the world. The Festival has also announced more than 4,000,000 dollars in scholarships and served more than 10,000 students from Latin American and the world. [4]

Some of the artists featured in the festival include The Wayne Shorter Quartet, Herbie Hancock, Chucho Valdés Quartet, John Patitucci, Joe Lovano, Rubén Blades, Randy Weston, Kenny Barron, Nnenna Freelon, Mike Stern, Lizz Wright, Jack DeJohnette, Stanley Jordan, Billy Cobham, and Ellis Marsalis, Jr..[2]

The festival supports the year-round educational programs of Danilo Perez Foundation, which brings art and music to children from extremely poor communities in the Republic of Panama. The idea for the Danilo Perez Foundation originated in the 1965 when Danilo Perez Urriola (father of the pianist) started his educational programs with children of extreme poverty in Panama and created an elementary and high school curriculum where all classes were taught through improvisation, composition, and the performance of music.

Featured International Artists

Year Artist Instrument Origin
2003 Danilo Pérez Trio (Ben Street, Adam Cruz) Piano, bass, drums *Grammy Award Winner
Kenny Barron (Kiyoshi Obata, Kim Thompson) Piano USA *Grammy Award Nominee
Mike Stern (Bob Franceschini, Lincoln Giones, Lionel Cordew) Guitar USA *Grammy Award Nominee
Steve Turre (Hector Martignon, Steve Kirby, Obed Calvaire, Richie Flores) Trombonist USA
Carlos Garnett Tenor saxophone Panama
Regina Carter (David Budway, Mayra Casales, Alvester Garnett, Chris Lightcap) Violin USA
Charlie Hunter Guitar USA
Barbara Wilson Voice Panama
Danilo Perez Sr. Voice Panama
2005 Jack DeJohnette (Danilo Perez, John Patitucci, Joe Lovano, Ricaurte Villarreal) Drums and piano USA *Grammy Award Winner
Joe Lovano (Dennis Irwin, William Drewes, Francisco Mela Castro, James Weidman, Judy Silvano) Tenor saxophone USA *Grammy Award Winner
John Patitucci Double bass and electric bass USA *Grammy Award Winner
Victor Paz Trumpet Panama
Janis Siegel (Steve Hass, Derek Oles, Alan Pascua) Voice USA *Grammy Award Nominee
2006 Randy Weston (feat. Alex Blake, Neil Clarke) Piano USA [5]
Kurt Rosenwinkel Guitar USA
David Sánchez Saxophone Puerto Rico *Grammy Award Winner
Carlos Garnett Tenor saxophone Panama
Mark Turner Saxophone and clarinet USA
Victor Paz Trumpet Panama
Santi Debriano (Patricia Vlieg) Bass USA
2007 Edmar Castañeda Harp Colombia
Nnenna Freelon Voice USA *Grammy Award Nominee
Carlos Garnett Tenor saxophone Panama
Panamanian Band (feat. Danilo Perez, Billy Cobham, Santi Debriano, Jorge Sylvester, Renato Thoms) Piano, bass, drums, saxophone Panama
Victor Paz Trumpet Panama
Banda Tributo a Chile (feat. Patricia Zarate, Mili Bermejo, Francisco Molina, Nando Michelin, Dan Greenspan) Saxophone Chile
2008 Tia Fuller (Kim Thompson) Saxophone USA *A formal touring band member of Beyoncé
Kelley Johnson (Graciela Nunez, Yomira John) Voice USA
Stanley Jordan Guitar USA *Grammy Award Nominee
Catherine Russell Voice USA
Dave Samuels (Caribbean Jazz Project) Vibraphone USA *Grammy Award Winner
2009 Wayne Shorter Quartet (feat. Brian Blade, Danilo Pérez, John Patitucci) Saxophone, piano, drums, bass USA *Grammy Award Winner[6]
Luba Mason (feat. Rubén Blades, Jimmy Haslip, Hubert Laws) Voice
Marco Pignataro Quintet (feat. Eddie Gómez, Matt Marvuglio, Osvaldo Jorge, Tupaz Mantilla) Saxophone Italy
Chucho Valdés Piano Cuba *Grammy Award Winner
2010 Lizz Wright Voice USA [7]
Carlos Garnett Tenor saxophone Panama
Jamey Haddad Percussion USA
Joe Lovano Tenor saxophone USA *Grammy Award Winner
Terri Lyne Carrington Drum and voice USA *Grammy Award Nominee
Ellis Marsalis, Jr. Piano USA
Juanito Pascual Guitar USA
John Patitucci Double bass and electric bass USA *Grammy Award Winner
2011 Benjamin Street Double bass USA
Adam Cruz Drum set USA
Thomas Patitucci Guitar USA
Rudresh Mahanthappa Saxophone Italy
Paoli Mejias (Sarah Vogel, Sara Serpa Dossantos, John Patitucci, Robert Ameen, Michael Jesus Rodriguez, Jonathan Wells Poses) Percussion Puerto Rico *Latin Grammy Nominee
John Patitucci Double bass and electric bass USA *Grammy Award Winner
Claudia Acuña (Jon Cowherd, Juan Herrera, Edgardo Serka Voice Chile
Brian Lynch (Alain Perez) Trumpet USA *Grammy Award Winner
Conrad Herwig (Lucques Curtes, William O'Connell, Pedro Martinez) Trombone USA
2012 John Scofield (Benjamin Street, William Stewart) Guitar USA
Charlie Sepúlveda (Raul Maldonado, Natanael Molina, Gabriel Rodriquez, Gadwin Vargas, Norberto Ortiz) Trumpet USA
Luis Bonilla Trombone USA
Omara Portuondo Voice Cuba
Chucho Valdés Piano Cuba *Grammy Awad Winner * Latin Grammy Award Winner
Carlos Garnett (Carlton Holmes, Taru Alexander) Saxophone USA
Tito Puente Jr (Rosado Marlow, Teri Roiger, John Menegon) Percussion USA
Jed Levi (Alvester Garnett, Thomson Neekland, Misha Tsiganov) Saxophone USA
Adalberto Santiago (William Thompson, Jorge Diaz, Jose Piro Rodriguez, Josue Rosado, Raul Rosario, Jose Gazmey, Jose Pedroso, Jose Changuito Quinta, Julio Flores ) Singer Puerto Rico
2013 Herbie Hancock Piano USA *Grammy Award Winner
Wayne Shorter Quartet (feat. Brian Blade, Danilo Pérez, John Patitucci) Saxophone, piano, drums, bass USA *Grammy Award Winner
Bill Frisell Guitar USA *Grammy Award Nominee
Susana Baca Voice Peru *Latin Grammy Award Winner
2014 Lizz Wright Voice USA
Kenny Garrnett Saxophone USA *Grammy Award Winner
HBC Trio (Scott Henderson, Jeff Berlin, Dennis Chambers) Guitar, bass, drums USA
Pisco Trio (George Garzone, Jorge Perez, Ehud Ettun) Saxophone, drums, bass USA, Peru, Israel
Nedelka Prescod Voice USA
Shea Welsh Guitar USA
Michelle Coltrane Voice USA
Kevin Harris Piano USA
2015 Children of the Light (Danilo Perez, John Patitucci, Brian Blade) Piano, bass, drums Panama & USA
Benny Golson Saxophone USA
Brian Blade & the Fellowship Band (Brian Blade, Jon Cowherd, Chris Thomas, Myron Walden, Melvin Butler) Drums, piano, bass, saxophone, clarinet USA
Pedrito Martinez Percussion Cuba *Grammy Award Nominee
Miguel Zenón Saxophone Puerto Rico *Grammy Award Nominee
Rubén Blades Voice Panama *Grammy Award Winner
MAPUJAZZ ft. Claudia Acuña Voice Chile
Omar Alfanno Voice & composer Panama *Latin Grammy Award Winner
Phil Ranelin Trombone USA
Uwe Kropinski & Michael Heupel Guitar & flute Germany
2016 Randy Weston Piano USA
David Murray Saxophone USA *Grammy Award Winner
Terri Lyne Carrington Drummer USA *Grammy Award Winner
Geri Allen Piano USA
Danny Rivera Voice Puerto Rico
Dave Douglas Trumpet USA *Grammy Award Nominee
Dominique Eade Voice USA
Rudresh Mahanthappa Saxophone USA
Tony Vega Voice & Percussion Puerto Rico *Grammy Award Winner
John Patitucci Upright & Electric Bass USA * Grammy Award Winner
Tom Patitucci Guitar USA
Arild Anderson Upright Bass Norway
Tal Gamlieli Upright Bass Israel

Associated schools and organizations

Clinics and special programs

An important part of the festival is music education, and all invited artists teach master classes in the "Music Clinics", where students from all parts of Latin America and the world come together to learn from the international masters of jazz. Among the international artists that have given lectures are Wayne Shorter, Chucho Valdés, Jack DeJohnette, John Patitucci, Joe Lovano, Randy Weston, Brian Blade, Kurt Rosenwinkel, Nnenna Freelon, Kenny Barron, Marco Pignataro, Eddie Gómez, Regina Carter, Steve Turre, Stanley Jordan, Janis Siegel, David Sanchez, Charlie Hunter, Tia Fuller, and many more.[3] [11]

The Panama Jazz Festival has also offered master classes on Panamanian Folklore, dance, classical music (with renowned national and international musicians and the best groups from the New England Conservatory), literature, production and engineering (thanks to the Berklee College of Music Production and Engineering Department), and many other subjects.[3][11]

Music Therapy Symposium

The Music Therapy Symposium was founded in January 2013 by Chilean saxophonist, music therapist and Executive Director of the Panama Jazz Festival Patricia Zarate. The mission of the Latin American Symposium on Music Therapy is the dissemination of the theory and practice of music therapy in Latin America.

Year Music therapist Origin Content
2013 Sharon Katz South Africa Music Therapy in Apartheid SudAfrica
Paola Casal Panamá Music Therapy in Panamá
Melany Taylor Panamá Music Therapy in Panamá
Cynthia Pimentel Mexico Music Therapy with Children and Adults
Patricia Zárate Chile Music Therapy with Children and Adults
2014 Kathleen Howland USA Music Therapy & Alzheimer, Special Needs, Parkinson, The Power of Music and Therapy
Silvia Andreu Chile Music Therapy in Elementary School Setting,Well-being of teachers through Music Therapy, Music Therapy and Hearing Loss with Children
Patricia Zárate Chile Music and Extreme Poverty in Latin America
Jorge Montaldo Argentina Music Therapy in a Hospital setting with Elderly, The Training of a Music Therapist, From Chaos to Composition, Benefits if Music Therapy in Mental Health Community Settings.
Alfredo Hidrovo Panamá Music for Healing
Aleyda Duarte & Luis Carlos Perez Panamá The Changing Role of Music in Panama
Minerva Soto, Alvaro Herrera & Pedro Peña Venezuela From the Quality of Sound to the use of Music for Expression, Music as a Tool for Self Expression
Margarita Carreño & Kleiberth Mora Venezuela Network of Penitentiary Symphonic Orchestra's
2015 Kathleen Howland USA Music Therapy in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer, Introduction to Neurological Music Therapy (NMT), Psychology of Music - Why Music?
Juan Pablo Ruiz Colombia Using Music Therapy as a Tool to Treat Special Needs Children
Marlene Rodriguez-Wolf Dominican Republic Music Therapy in a Pediatric Oncology Unit, Music Therapy and Pain Management
Aleyda Duarte & Luis Carlos Perez Panamá Social Change through Music
Cecilia Di Prinzio Argentina A Teacher's Occupational Health from a Music Therapy Standpoint, Early Intervention
María Galán Colombia Music Therapy Activities Based on the Methodology of Electro-Acoustic Music
Melany Taylor Panamá Music Therapy in Panama
Patricia Zárate Chile The Therapeutic Effects of Jazz
Jorge Montaldo Argentina Music Therapy in a Hospital Setting, Corporeity and Music in Music Therapy. Testimonies from the XVI National Congress of Music Therapy in Argentina, Moving from Chaos into Composition. Immanence in the Training of a Music Therapist
Max Terán Costa Rica Music Therapy Workshop Autism and Executive Functions: Clinical Research from the approach of Abordaje Plurimodal
Sandra Schvetz Panama Musicoterapia and Cri Du Chat
Alejandra Sanchez México The use of Electro-Acoustic Devices in Music Therapy, Experience with children on the Autism Spectrum
2016 Connie Tomaino P.hD. USA Clinical Improvisation in Music Therapy, Music and Memory, Music and the Brain, Recovery of Speech through Music Therapy
Kathleen Howland P.h.D USA An Introduction to Music Therapy and Medicine, Music Therapy and Speech/ Language Disorders, Music Therapy and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Juan José Capella Venezuela Systematic Musical Psychotherapy
Andrea Oyarzún Chile Music Therapy for People Diagnosed with HIV/AIDS
Juan Pablo Ruiz Colombia Interactive Workshop on Music Therapy
Melanie Taylor Herrera Panamá The Importance of Environment: Treating Adolescents with Disabilities,
Stephanie Platzer USA Music Therapy and Neurological Disorders
Jorge Montaldo Argentina Music Therapy and Medicine
Kira Helper USA Music Therapy and Neurological Disorders
Aleida Duarte Panamá Music for Social Change

Auditions and scholarships

Each year, the festival invites prestigious institutions to audition and recruit students from all over Latin America and the world. At present the Panama Jazz Festival is the largest recruiting space in Latin America for admissions and scholarships for some of the best music schools in the Americas including Berklee College of Music, New England Conservatory, Conservatory of Music of Puerto Rico, Golandsky Piano Institute at Princeton University.[3][11]

Honours

[12] [13] [14]

Year Artist Occupation Legacy
2003 Luis Russell (1902–1963) Pianist Musical Director for Louis Armstrong's band since 1935. Pianist Luis Russell led one of the great early big bands, and orchestra that during 1929-31 could hold its own with nearly all of its competitors. In 1925, he moved from New Orleans to Chicago to join Doc Cook's Orchestra and then became the pianist in King Oliver's band. Performed with King Oliver, Red Allen, and Jelly Roll Morton.

Musical director of Louis Armstrong's band since 1935, he has performed with King Oliver, Red Allen, y Jelly Roll Morton.[15][16][17]

2005 Victor Boa (1925-2004) Pianist Known as the "High Priest of Jazz" and "Master of the Keyboard" of Panama. Victor was a key part of the vibrant Panamanian jazz scene beginning in the late forties and played alongside Panamanian jazz greats. His particular flavor of jazz was called "Tambo Jazz". A major figure among the many fine musicians in this idiom has been pianist Victor "Boa"

(Victor Everton McRae), who in 1946 began to lead the group Down Beat Five and was the nation's leading jazz player in the 1970s. Víctor Everton McRae (1925-2004)[18]

2006 Mauricio Smith (1931–2002) Flautist, reeds player, musical director, composer, arranger, guitarist, keyboardist, percussionist and chorus singer Mauricio Smith was born in Panama but lived most of his life in New York City. He performed and recorded with Clark Terry, Charlie Mingus, Dizzy Gillespie, Chubby Checker, Eartha Kitt, Harry Belafonte, and many others. Smith was an original member of the NBC "Saturday Night Live" band and was the leader of the Latin band at the Rainbow Room for six years. He has scored music for movies, and wrote arrangements for Tito Puente and others. In addition to his jazz performances, Smith has performed classically as a flutist and soloist with the Puerto Rican Symphony and has given recitals at Avery Fisher Hall.

Mauricio Smith was born on July 11, 1931 in Colón, Panamá. He distinguished himself as a cyclist while he simultaneously played flute in La Banda Republicana de Panamá. He attended the Conservatory of Music of Panamá and performed professionally with la Banda de Bomberos de Colón. He soon focused on folkloric Panamanian music with established musicians like Leonidas Cajar. Apart from the flute, Mauricio was known to play saxophone, clarinete, piccolo, harmonica, classical guitar, bass, vibraphone and Latin percussion. He mastered various genres like jazz, classical, folklore, Latin, calypso, and R&B amongst others.

2007 Barbara Wilson Singer "Panama's Ella Fitzgerald", who spent a lifetime singing in her country. Unknown outside of Panama, this extraordinary jazz singer refused several invitations to move to the US in order to stay close to her family at home.
2008 5th Year Anniversary - dedicated to all PJF supporters
2009 Clarence Martin Sr. Bassist, composer, and arranger Contributed to Panamanian jazz since the 1940s and has influenced several generations of musicians from many genres such as jazz, classical, and Caribbean music.

One of the most talented musicians from his time, he was born in Ciudad Panamá on January 29, 1922. His mother was the professor / pianist Clementine Armtrading de Martin. His father, Vernon Martin was a clarinetist and played in La Banda Del Cuerpo de Bomberos de Panamá Since his childhood, Martin accompanied his mother on saxophone and piano giving him way to soon become a bassist and arranger for successful groups like Armando Boza. Rivoli, Los Tres Barberos and Combination, are amongst many success stories, which drove him to create his own group and be recognized as one of the most respected musicians of his generation. He quickly took off after joining the Symphonic Orchestra of Panama with his composition "El Escondite del Prófugo." Clarence Martin toured internationally with artists such as Celia Cruz, Beny Moré, Cascarita, Vicentico Valdez, Miguelito Valdez, Sara Montiel, Angélica María, Roberto Ledezma, Peter Dutchin, Daniel Santos, Lucho Gatica, Olga Guillot, Don Pedro Vargas, Mona Bell, Shaw Elliot amongst many others. He discovered his love and passion for Jazz while subbing for musicians like Víctor Boa, Bat Gordon, Gene White, Víctor Paz, Chaty Mercado, José Cajar just to name a few. He also worked with Pipo Navarro (Q.E.P.D) Toby Muñoz and Papi Brandao who he recorded upright bass with for the first time in a typical Panamanian style. Martin died on July 11, 1980 while his wife was on her way to pick him up from the hospital. He was recognized in the 6th annual Panamanian Jazz Festival for his musical and personal legacy.

2010 Sonny White (1917–1971) Pianist Born in Panama, White lived in the US most of his life and recorded with Billie Holiday the classic song "Strange Fruit." Sonny was very far advanced; he was writing and arranging when he was in elementary school.[19] He also performed with many other jazz artists such as Sidney Bechet, Artie Shaw, Benny Carter, Dexter Gordon, among others.

Pianist, Ellerton Oswald or Sonny White was born on November 11, 1917 in Ciudad de Panamá. He was musical icon which during the mid 1930s was collaborating in the States with artists such as Jesse Stone, Willie Bryant, Sidney Bechet, Teddy Hill, Frankie Newton y Billie Holiday. In Jazz history, Sonny white is recognized as the pianist who accompanied Billie Holiday in the legendary song "Strange Fruit" - that catalyst which converted Billie Holiday into the world recognized artists she was known to be. "Strange Fruit’s" melody is based on a poem by Abel Meeropol. The song is considered a perfect work of art which spoke against lynching in the USA - being a critical component to the early stages of the civil rights movement. It reached No.16 on the billboards on July 1939 and Time magazine declared it as musical propaganda for Afroamerican groups. The success of the song propelled Sonny White to continue working with great artists such as Artie Shaw and Benny Carter. Furthermore, after WWII, White explored R&B and contemporary pop music which led him to play with Big Joe Turner, Lawrence Lucie, Big Sid Catlett and Roy Eldridge. Sonny White passed away on April 28, 1971 in NYC.[20]

2011 Víctor Vitín Paz Panamanian Trumpeter A pillar of the Latin jazz trumpet, was a cornerstone of the Fania All Stars for many years. He was a number one call for Broadway shows in New York City and performed with notable figures such as Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra, Dizzy Gillespie, The Jackson Five, among many others.
2012 Carlos Garnett Saxophonist, composer, and arranger Born in Red Tank, Panama Canal Zone. As a teenager he played with soldiers from the nearby United States Army base. An intense tenor soloist, Carlos Garnett started playing tenor in 1957, and early on performed calypso and Latin music. In 1962, Garnett moved to New York, working with rock groups, but listened carefully to free jazz saxophonists. He gained recognition for his work with Freddie Hubbard, Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers and Charles Mingus, and had an important stint with Miles Davis in 1972. He also worked with Jack McDuff, Andrew Hill, Gary Bartz, and Norman Connors, during the era and recorded five albums of his own for Muse during 1974-1977.
2013 10th Anniversary
2014 Penteceptennial of Christopher Columus's discovery of the New World, and centennial of the building of the Panama Canal
2015 Eric Dolphy (1928-1964) Saxophonist An American free jazz alto saxophonist, flautist, and bass clarinetist, whose parents immigrated from Panama. He collaborated with musicians such as Charles Mingus, John Coltrane, and Booker Little Eric Dolphy was an important figure in jazz history at a time of transition between two stylistic streams, as well as an enormously vital creative musician with one of the most exciting and rewarding musical personalities ever recorded.
2016 Randy Weston Pianist and composer American jazz pianist and composer, his father was Panamanian. Weston's music prominently incorporated African elements, and collaborated with musicians such as Dizzy Gillespie, Kenny Dorham, and Cecil Payne[21][22] Randy Weston began working professionally in the R&B bands in the late 1940s before playing in the bebop outfits of Payne and Kenny Dorham. After singing with Riverside in 1954, he led his own trios and quartets and attainted a prominent reputation as a composter, contributing jazz standards such as "Hi-Fly" and "Little Niles" to the repertoire.[23]

Recordings

Panama Suite (2006) was recorded with students and faculty of both the Berklee College of Music and the New England Conservatory in the band to commemorate five years of the Panama Jazz Festival. All tracks composed and directed by Danilo Perez and produced by Billy Herron and Berklee College of Music.

"The Panama Suite is a three-movement composition that combines urban sounds with Panamanian folkloric elements in a big band setting. It embodies the sound of the next generation of Latino musicians that represents the opening of geographical borders and the opening of the new mind. This state of mind demands both innovation and respect for tradition, with the hope that by exercising creative freedom the human species will find peace, truth, and justice." – Danilo Perez[24]

References

  1. ↑ "U.S. Embassy Panama Supports 5th Annual Panama International Jazz Festival". October 27, 2007. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
  2. 1 2 http://www.panamajazzfestival Official Website
  3. 1 2 3 4 "2010 Panama Jazz Festival Educational Activities". January 11–16, 2010. Archived from the original on December 7, 2009. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
  4. ↑ "Panama Jazz Festival 2010". Escapes Panamá. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
  5. ↑ Sabbatini, Mark (February 7, 2006). "The 2006 Panama Jazz Festival". Retrieved August 8, 2010.
  6. ↑ "6th Annual Panama Jazz Festival Set for January 12–17, 2009, Founder/Artistic Director Danilo Perez Announces". Billboard Publicity Wire. November 13, 2008. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 "Panama Jazz Festival 2010". Jazz Times. January 11–16, 2010. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
  8. ↑ "Panama's Jazz Festival 2010 Press Conference". October 6, 2009. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
  9. ↑ Jackson, Eric (January 16, 2008). "Mediterranean flamenco jazz at the Teatro Nacional". The Panama News. Retrieved August 8, 2010.
  10. ↑ Dorbu, Mitzi (January 8, 2009), Panama Jazz Festival: Scholarships Build Bridge to Opportunity, retrieved August 8, 2010
  11. 1 2 3 Educational Activities at the Panama Jazz Festival 2009, archived from the original on February 27, 2009, retrieved August 8, 2010
  12. ↑ Blumenthal, Bob (August 2007). "Jazzed Para Perez". Jazz Times.
  13. ↑ Ouellette, Dan (April 2009). "Panama Jazz Festival Builds International and Local Bridges". DownBeat: 20.
  14. ↑ Reich, Howard (March 6, 2005). "A Culture With A Lost Past". Chicago Tribune. p. 7.
  15. ↑ Ramsey, Frederic, and Charles Edward Smith, eds. Jazzmen. Vol. 30. Harcourt, Brace, 1959.
  16. ↑ Bogdanov, Vladimir, Chris Woodstra, and Stephen Thomas Erlewine, eds. All Music Guide to Jazz: The definitive guide to jazz music. Backbeat Books, 2002, p. 1011..
  17. ↑ Balliett, Whitney. Jelly Roll, Jabbo, and Fats: 19 portraits in jazz. Oxford University Press, USA, 1984.
  18. ↑ Shepherd, John, David Horn, Dave Laing, Paul Oliver and Peter Wicke. Locations - 5 vol. set. Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World. Part 1, Performance and Production, Volume II. London: Bloomsbury, 2003. 180.
  19. ↑ Griffiths, David. Hot Jazz: From Harlem to Storyville. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 1998. 113.
  20. ↑ Smith, Thérèse. "Lyrical Protest. Music in the History of African American Culture." Human Bondage in the Cultural Contact Zone. Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Slavery and Its Discourses (2010): 257.
  21. ↑ Weston, Randy, and Willard Jenkins. African Rhythms: The Autobiography of Randy Weston. Duke University Press, 2015.
  22. ↑ Gitler, Ira. "Randy Weston." Down Beat 31.6 (1964).
  23. ↑ Bogdanov, Vladimir, Chris Woodstra, and Stephen Thomas Erlewine. All Music Guide: The Definitive Guide to Popular Music. San Francisco: Backbeat /All Media Guide, 2001. 1425.
  24. ↑ Perez, Danilo (2006). Panama Suite (Compact Disc). Boston, MA: Art Share.

External links

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