Pavlodar

Pavlodar
Павлодар

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Coat of arms
Pavlodar

Location in Kazakhstan

Coordinates: 52°18′N 76°57′E / 52.300°N 76.950°E / 52.300; 76.950
Country Kazakhstan
Region Pavlodar Region
Established 1720
Incorporated 1861
Government
 • Akim (mayor) Nurzhan Ashimbetov (Nüržan Äšìmbetov)
Area
 • City 400 km2 (200 sq mi)
 • Urban 100 km2 (40 sq mi)
Elevation 123 m (404 ft)
Population (2014)
 • City 353 930[1]
 • Density 798.5/km2 (2,068/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+6 (UTC+6)
Postal code 140000 - 140017
Area code(s) +7 7182
Climate Dfb
Website http://www.pavlodar.gov.kz
Fountain in riverside park
Sultanmahmut Toraygirov monument
Amateur racing in downtown Pavlodar on "City Day" 2006

Coordinates: 52°18′N 76°57′E / 52.300°N 76.950°E / 52.300; 76.950 Pavlodar (Kazakh and Russian: Павлодар, Pavlodar, and Kazakh: پاۆلودار) is a city in northeastern Kazakhstan and the capital of Pavlodar Region. It is located 450 km northeast of the national capital Astana, and 405 km southeast of the Russian city of Omsk along the Irtysh River. As of 2010, the city has a population of 331,710.[2] The population of Pavlodar is composed predominantly of ethnic Russians and Kazakhs with significant Ukrainian, German and Tatar minorities. The city is served by Pavlodar Airport.

History

One of the oldest cities in northern Kazakhstan, Pavlodar was founded in 1720 as Koryakovsky, an Imperial Russian outpost. The settlement was created to establish control over the region's salt lakes, an important source of valuable salt. In 1861 the settlement was renamed Pavlodar and incorporated as a town. Pavlodar's significance was due in large measure to the substantial agricultural and salt-producing industries that had developed there despite the town's relatively small population. Pavlodar's population numbered only about 8,000 in 1897. The name Pavlodar means The Gift of Paul, and was chosen to commemorate the birth of the Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia.[3]

After 1955, the Soviet Government's Virgin Lands Campaign provided the impetus for the rapid growth and development of modern Pavlodar. Under the program, large numbers of young men and women from throughout the Soviet Union were relocated to the city; industrial and commercial activity was increased; and from the mid-1960s on, Pavlodar grew to become a major industrial centre of both the Kazakh SSR and of the Soviet Union. Because of a major arms and armour manufacturing facility located in the city, Pavlodar was closed to foreigners until 1992.

Geography

Climate

An embankment on the Irtysh River

Pavlodar has a temperate continental climate with long, cold winters and hot summers. The average temperature in January is −15.8 °C (4 °F) with absolute observed lows reaching −45 °C (−49 °F) to −47 °C (−53 °F). In July the temperature averages 21.5 °C (71 °F). Yearly precipitation amounts to 303 mm (12 in).

Climate data for Pavlodar
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 4.2
(39.6)		 5.3
(41.5)		 24.6
(76.3)		 33.0
(91.4)		 38.0
(100.4)		 40.8
(105.4)		 41.1
(106)		 40.6
(105.1)		 36.1
(97)		 29.2
(84.6)		 17.9
(64.2)		 7.2
(45)		 41.1
(106)
Average high °C (°F) −10.8
(12.6)		 −9.3
(15.3)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 12.5
(54.5)		 21.1
(70)		 26.6
(79.9)		 28.0
(82.4)		 25.9
(78.6)		 19.1
(66.4)		 10.5
(50.9)		 −1.4
(29.5)		 −8
(18)		 9.4
(48.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) −15.8
(3.6)		 −14.9
(5.2)		 −7.1
(19.2)		 5.6
(42.1)		 14.0
(57.2)		 19.7
(67.5)		 21.5
(70.7)		 19.0
(66.2)		 12.2
(54)		 4.3
(39.7)		 −6.0
(21.2)		 −12.8
(9)		 3.3
(37.9)
Average low °C (°F) −20.5
(−4.9)		 −20
(−4)		 −12
(10)		 −0.5
(31.1)		 7.0
(44.6)		 12.8
(55)		 15.3
(59.5)		 12.6
(54.7)		 6.2
(43.2)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 −10.0
(14)		 −17.4
(0.7)		 −2.3
(27.9)
Record low °C (°F) −45
(−49)		 −42.8
(−45)		 −37.2
(−35)		 −27.2
(−17)		 −6.1
(21)		 −2.2
(28)		 4.2
(39.6)		 0.0
(32)		 −9
(16)		 −21.5
(−6.7)		 −40
(−40)		 −45.2
(−49.4)		 −45.2
(−49.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 20
(0.79)		 16
(0.63)		 13
(0.51)		 18
(0.71)		 28
(1.1)		 31
(1.22)		 55
(2.17)		 32
(1.26)		 21
(0.83)		 25
(0.98)		 23
(0.91)		 21
(0.83)		 303
(11.93)
Average rainy days 1 0 3 8 12 12 15 12 12 10 5 1 91
Average snowy days 18 16 12 5 1 0.03 0 0.03 0 5 14 19 90
Average relative humidity (%) 79 79 80 62 54 55 60 61 63 71 80 80 69
Source: Pogoda.ru.net[4]

Demographics

The city's population is 331,119 (as of January 1, 2012), and the extended urbanized area has 342,321 inhabitants.[5]

Ethnic groups are as follows (as of January 1, 2010):[6][7]

Economy

The largest local industries are aluminum, industrial chemicals, and farm machinery. An oil refinery was completed in 1978. In 2012 Polish rolling stock manufacturer Pesa Bydgoszcz announced its intentions to build a tram assembly plant in Pavlodar in conjunction with the city's plans to buy up to 100 new trams from the manufacturer to shore up its aging public transport infrastructure.[8]

Sports

FC Irtysh is a Kazakh football club based at the Tsentralny Stadium in Pavlodar. Another notable club formerly based in Pavlodar, FC Energetik, has since relocated to Ekibastuz.

The Chess Federation of Pavlodar organizes frequent city-wide competitions such as «Pavlodar Open 2007» and «The Pavlodar Regional Cup», a fast chess competition.[9] Several FIDE masters, and grandmasters including Rinat Zhumabayev, Pavel Kotsur, Yuri Nikitin Vladimir Grebenshikov, and Yelena Ankudinova, participate regularly in the events.

Ice hockey team Irtysh play in Astana Ice Palace (capacity 2, 800). Pavlodar hockey players were the champions of Kazakhstan three times in the row in the seasons 2012/2013, 2013/2014 and 2014/2015.

Infrastructure

Public transportation

Pavlodar has an 86 km streetcar (tram) network, which began service in 1965 with, as of 2012, 20 regular and 3 special routes. The network has a 60% share of the local public transport market. However its fleet of 115 trams is due to be replaced by 100 new trams produced locally by Polish manufacturer PESA SA. In addition, Pavlodar has bus and minibus (marshrutka) service.[8][10]

Education

Several universities are located in Pavlodar, among them:

Sister cities

References

  1. ↑ Город Павлодар Департамент статистики Павлодарской области
  2. ↑ Pavlodar Statistics
  3. ↑ Pavlodar Kazakhstan
  4. ↑ "Weather and Climate - The Climate of Pavlodar" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Archived from the original on 25 November 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  5. ↑ http://www.stat.kz/publishing/pages/demografia_2012.aspx
  6. ↑ Департамент статистики Павлодарской области (Oblast statistical agency)
  7. ↑ Агентство Республики Казахстан по статистике. Численность населения Республики Казахстан по областям, городам и районам, полу и отдельным возрастным группам, отдельным этносам на начало 2010 года (Kazakh Statistical Agency
  8. 1 2 "Pesa to establish tram assembly plant in Kazakhstan", Railway Gazette, 4 May 2012
  9. ↑ "Pavlodar Regional Cup on Fast Chess 2007" (in Russian). Chess in Pavlodar. September 27, 2007. Retrieved March 29, 2008. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
  10. ↑ Павлодарский трамвай (Pavlodar Tramway)
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