Pearl River Delta Economic Zone

The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone (simplified Chinese: 珠江三角洲经济区; traditional Chinese: 珠江三角洲經濟區; pinyin: Zhūjiāng Sānjiǎozhōu Jīngjìqū) (once called 粤江平原),[1] is in the Pearl River Delta region, the expansive delta lands of the Pearl River at the South China Sea. It consists of Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Foshan, Zhongshan, Zhuhai, Jiangmen, and parts of Huizhou and Zhaoqing, has been the most economically dynamic region of the Chinese Mainland since the launch of China's reform programme in 1979. Adjacent Hong Kong and Macau do not consist of the economic zone.

The 2008-20 plan, released by China's National Development and Reform Commission, is designed to boost the pan—Pearl River Delta as a "center of advanced manufacturing and modern service industries," and as a "center for international shipping, logistics, trade, conferences and exhibitions and tourism." Goals include the development of two to three new cities in the region, the development of 10 new multinational firms, and expansion of road, rail, seaport and airport capacities by 2020. They include construction of the 31-mile (50 km) Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge linking Hong Kong, Macau and the Pearl River Delta. The construction of 1,864 miles (3,000 km) of highways in the region was to be completed by 2012, and rail expansions of 683 miles (1,099 km) by 2012 and 1,367 miles (2,200 km) by 2020.[2]

Scale

One must understand the region cannot be a single city at this moment due to sheer physical land extent, which slightly exceeds that of Massachusetts and rings around water bodies much like San Francisco Bay. Some 6 cities surround the geographic delta, and a 7th city on the ocean, comprising a total land of roughly 29,000 square kilometers (11,200 square miles). This figure does not account for inland Huizhou city (amalgamating with the area) nor the separately governed territories of Hong Kong and Macau.

Population

The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone encompasses nearly 7000 square kilometers, 0.07 percent of China, with a population of 42 million people, 3.1 percent of the 2010 population of mainland China. A report by the World Bank described this zone as the largest urban area in the world.[3]

Economy

The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone accounted for 19.9 percent of GDP and 38.9 percent of total trade in 2005. As the most dynamic region in the Chinese Mainland, it is increasingly important as a market. Given the massive scale of its export sector, the region has become an important industrial market for all sorts of inputs, materials, and capital goods. It also is a major market for transportation and trade-related services. Rapid urbanisation and burgeoning city populations have created demand for infrastructure, building materials, transportation services, housing, and other goods and services associated with urban development. The Pearl River Delta Economic Zone is also a highly attractive consumer market.

Cities such as Shenzhen and Guangzhou are among the most affluent in the Chinese Mainland. Close links to Hong Kong and Macau mean that Pearl River Delta region consumers adopt international tastes earlier than most places in China, making the region one of the trend setters in China.

History

In 1979, the Central Government of the People's Republic of China announced that Guangdong Province would be allowed to follow less restrictive economic policies and would be permitted to set up three Special Economic Zones (SEZs), including two in the Pearl River Delta, Shenzhen and Zhuhai. Preferential policies in the SEZs included a number of features designed to attract foreign investment, such as a 15 percent tax rate, tax holidays of up to five years, and the ability to repatriate corporate profits and to repatriate capital investments after a contracted period. They also included duty-free treatment of imports of raw materials and intermediate goods destined for exported products, as well as exemption from export taxes.

Guangdong's early experience with reform allowed a market-oriented culture to develop earlier than in other places in the Chinese Mainland. Starting in 1979, Guangdong Province and the SEZs were given greater political and economic autonomy than other jurisdictions in the Chinese Mainland. Areas of greater autonomy included finance and fiscal matters, foreign trade and investment, commerce and distribution, allocation of materials and resources, labour, and prices. In 1988, Guangdong was granted expanded powers to set its own economic direction, and was designated a 'comprehensive economic reform area'. This gave rise to the creation of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, as well as development of a land lease system and some privatisation of housing. Shenzhen became a leader in terms of foreign exchange markets, operation of foreign banks, land reforms, and stock market development.

The economic development of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone took off after the reform programme was instituted. The region's GDP grew from just over US$8 billion in 1980 to more than US$89 billion in 2000 and nearly US$221.2 billion in 2005. During that period, the average real rate of GDP growth in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone exceeded 16 percent, well above the People's Republic of China national figure of 9.8 percent. Since the onset of China's reform programme, the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone has been the fastest growing portion of the fastest growing province in the fastest growing large economy in the world. In the process, a region that was once largely agricultural has emerged as a manufacturing platform of global importance. It is a world leader in the production of electronic goods, electrical products, electrical and electronic components, watches and clocks, toys, garments and textiles, plastic products, and a range of other goods.

For the first ten years of China's economic reform process, the internationalisation of the Chinese economy was largely a Pearl River Delta phenomenon, with the export-oriented production of foreign-invested entities based in Shenzhen, Dongguan, and Guangzhou leading the way. In recent years, the development environment for indigenous private-owned enterprises has improved dramatically in the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone and local firms are now playing an ever-growing role in the region's economy. In this regard, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Foshan, and other parts of the Pearl River Delta Economic Zone have been at the forefront of private sector development in China.[4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "珠江三角洲".
  2. ↑ http://www.pacificshipper.com/news/article.asp?sid=33272&ltype=transpacific
  3. ↑ "East Asia's Changing Urban Landscape" (PDF). World Bank. Retrieved 2 July 2015.
  4. ↑ "The PRD Economic Zone". Retrieved 2006-11-17.
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