Regional Municipality of Peel
| Peel Region | |
|---|---|
| Regional municipality (upper-tier) | |
| Regional Municipality of Peel | |
| Motto: Working for you | |
 Map showing Peel Region's location in Ontario | |
| Coordinates: 43°37′N 79°37′W / 43.617°N 79.617°WCoordinates: 43°37′N 79°37′W / 43.617°N 79.617°W | |
| Country |
 Canada |
| Province |
 Ontario |
| Established | January 1, 1974 |
| Seat | Brampton |
| Government | |
| • Chair Governing Body |
Frank Dale Peel Regional Council |
| Area[1] | |
| • Total | 1,246.89 km2 (481.43 sq mi) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
| • Total | 1,296,814 |
| • Density | 1,040.0/km2 (2,694/sq mi) |
| Time zone | Eastern (EST) (UTC-5) |
| • Summer (DST) | Eastern (EDT) (UTC-4) |
| Website | peelregion.ca |
The Regional Municipality of Peel (also known as the Region of Peel or Peel Region) is a regional municipality in Southern Ontario, Canada. It consists of three municipalities to the west and northwest of Toronto: the cities of Brampton and Mississauga, and the town of Caledon.[2] The entire region is part of the Greater Toronto Area and the inner ring of Golden Horseshoe. The regional seat is in Brampton.
With a population of 1,296,814 (2011 census), Peel Region is the second-largest municipality in Ontario after Toronto.[1] Owing to immigration and its transportation infrastructure (with seven 400-series highways serving the region, and Toronto Pearson International Airport located completely within its boundaries).
Mississauga occupies the southernmost portion of the region, and is, with 713,443 residents, the largest in population (the sixth largest in Canada). It reaches from Lake Ontario north to near Highway 407. In the centre is Brampton, a city of 523,911 (ranked 9th by population in Canada). Finally, by far the largest in area and the most sparsely populated part of the region is Caledon, which is home to 59,460 residents.
History
The Region of Peel was created by the government of Bill Davis in 1974 from the former County of Peel, and was legislated to provide community services to the (then) rapidly urbanizing area of south Peel County (now Mississauga and Brampton).
Peel County (and therefore, Region) are named after Sir Robert Peel, the nineteenth-century Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.[3]
Government and politics
Senior administrators
- Frank Dale, Regional Chair
- David Szwarc, Chief Administrative Officer
- Gayle Bursey, Acting Commissioner of Human Services
- Lorraine Graham-Watson, Commissioner of Corporate Services
- Dan Labrecque, Commissioner of Public Works
- Gilbert Sabat, Commissioner of Service Innovation, Information and Technology
- Janette Smith, Commissioner of Health Services
- Steven VanOfwegen, Commissioner of Finance and Chief Financial Officer
Notable government decisions
- In 2005, Peel Region approved without tender a $557 million waste management contract commitment lasting 20 years that can potentially allow it to dump garbage in Ontario landfill sites if Michigan bans Canadian trash.[5]
- In 2004, Peel Region began a more than $600 million waterworks expansion by conducting invited public tenders, one of Canada's largest in water and wastewater infrastructure.[6]
Seat assignment controversy
Seats on Peel Regional council are not assigned to member municipalities according to population or tax contributions, and this has produced considerable controversy within the region.[7]
Mississauga currently comprises about 62 per cent of the region's population and says it contributes 66 per cent of the taxes, but had been assigned 10 of the 21 council seats (or 48 per cent) distributed among the municipalities, with Brampton receiving six and Caledon five. In June 2005, the provincial government passed legislation[8] that will revise the composition of the council. Beginning in the 2006 municipal elections, one additional seat will be assigned to Brampton and two additional seats will be assigned to Mississauga, giving Mississauga 12 of the 24 seats assigned to municipalities.[9] These numbers do not include the regional chair, who is appointed by council members.
These changes are the result of a provincially appointed impartial arbitrator who noted:[10]
Regional councilors, whether or not they also wear an area (local) hat, represent all taxpayers in that region...no one area municipality has a majority of regional councillors. This is also why Mississauga's claim for two more regional representatives was seen as vexing - Mississauga would then have a majority at the regional level. Mississauga magnified the control issue by complaining of a historic underrepresentation given that a majority of taxpayers in Peel reside and have resided within Mississauga .. [I] recommend a continuation of a structure that denies any one area municipality a majority at the region.— George W. Adams
Mississauga council, led by former mayor Hazel McCallion, has argued that Peel Region is an unnecessary layer of government which costs Mississauga residents millions of dollars a year to support services in Brampton and Caledon. Mississauga council unanimously passed a motion asking the Province of Ontario to separate Mississauga from Peel Region and become a single-tier municipality, arguing, among other things, the need to keep property tax dollars within the city of Mississauga for the good of the future of the City.[11]
Opponents of Mississauga's position, including former Brampton mayor Susan Fennell, have argued that from the 1970s through the 1990s, Mississauga was the chief beneficiary of Peel's infrastructure construction projects — funded by taxpayers in all three municipalities — and it is now Brampton's turn to benefit, as it is growing faster than Mississauga, which is mostly built-out.[12][13] As well, they have argued that common infrastructure, such as waste and water services, would be more efficiently managed at a regional level.
Climate
| Climate data for Lester B. Pearson International Airport 1981–2010 (Brampton and North Mississauga) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high humidex | 19.0 | 14.8 | 29.2 | 37.9 | 42.6 | 45.0 | 50.3 | 46.6 | 48.0 | 39.1 | 28.6 | 23.9 | 50.3 |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.6 (63.7) |
14.9 (58.8) |
25.6 (78.1) |
31.1 (88) |
34.4 (93.9) |
36.7 (98.1) |
37.6 (99.7) |
38.3 (100.9) |
36.7 (98.1) |
31.6 (88.9) |
25.0 (77) |
20.0 (68) |
38.3 (100.9) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −0.4 (31.3) |
2.1 (35.8) |
6.9 (44.4) |
12.2 (54) |
18.8 (65.8) |
24.2 (75.6) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.0 (78.8) |
21.6 (70.9) |
14.3 (57.7) |
7.6 (45.7) |
1.4 (34.5) |
13.0 (55.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −5.5 (22.1) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
7.1 (44.8) |
13.1 (55.6) |
18.6 (65.5) |
21.5 (70.7) |
20.6 (69.1) |
16.2 (61.2) |
9.5 (49.1) |
3.7 (38.7) |
−2.2 (28) |
8.2 (46.8) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −9.4 (15.1) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
1.9 (35.4) |
7.4 (45.3) |
13.0 (55.4) |
15.8 (60.4) |
15.1 (59.2) |
10.8 (51.4) |
4.6 (40.3) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
−5.8 (21.6) |
3.3 (37.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −31.3 (−24.3) |
−31.1 (−24) |
−28.9 (−20) |
−17.2 (1) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
0.6 (33.1) |
3.9 (39) |
1.1 (34) |
−3.9 (25) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−18.3 (−0.9) |
−31.1 (−24) |
−31.3 (−24.3) |
| Record low wind chill | −44.7 | −38.9 | −36.2 | −25.4 | −9.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −8.0 | −13.5 | −25.4 | −38.5 | −44.7 |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 51.8 (2.039) |
47.7 (1.878) |
49.8 (1.961) |
68.5 (2.697) |
74.3 (2.925) |
71.5 (2.815) |
75.7 (2.98) |
78.1 (3.075) |
74.5 (2.933) |
61.1 (2.406) |
75.1 (2.957) |
57.9 (2.28) |
785.9 (30.941) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 25.1 (0.988) |
24.3 (0.957) |
32.6 (1.283) |
63.0 (2.48) |
74.3 (2.925) |
71.5 (2.815) |
75.7 (2.98) |
78.1 (3.075) |
74.5 (2.933) |
60.6 (2.386) |
68.0 (2.677) |
34.0 (1.339) |
681.6 (26.835) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 29.5 (11.61) |
24.0 (9.45) |
17.7 (6.97) |
4.5 (1.77) |
0.02 (0.008) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
0.4 (0.16) |
7.5 (2.95) |
24.9 (9.8) |
108.5 (42.72) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 15.1 | 11.6 | 12.4 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 10.8 | 10.4 | 10.2 | 10.5 | 12.1 | 13.2 | 14.8 | 145.9 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 5.4 | 4.6 | 7.4 | 11.3 | 12.5 | 10.8 | 10.4 | 10.2 | 10.5 | 12.0 | 11.0 | 7.1 | 113.2 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 12.1 | 9.4 | 6.8 | 2.4 | 0.03 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 3.4 | 10.0 | 44.4 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80.8 | 79.3 | 78.1 | 75.4 | 77.2 | 79.8 | 81.9 | 85.7 | 87.4 | 85.2 | 83.3 | 81.8 | 81.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 79.7 | 112.2 | 159.4 | 204.4 | 228.2 | 249.7 | 294.4 | 274.5 | 215.7 | 163.7 | 94.2 | 86.2 | 2,161.4 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 27.6 | 38.0 | 43.2 | 50.8 | 50.1 | 54.1 | 63.0 | 63.4 | 57.4 | 47.8 | 32.0 | 30.9 | 46.5 |
| Source: Environment Canada[14] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Albion Field Centre 1981–2010 (Albion Township and Caledon) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 12.0 (53.6) |
14.5 (58.1) |
24.5 (76.1) |
30.0 (86) |
33.0 (91.4) |
34.5 (94.1) |
36.1 (97) |
35.0 (95) |
34.4 (93.9) |
30.6 (87.1) |
22.2 (72) |
19.5 (67.1) |
36.1 (97) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −2.8 (27) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
3.7 (38.7) |
11.6 (52.9) |
18.8 (65.8) |
23.7 (74.7) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.1 (77.2) |
19.9 (67.8) |
13.2 (55.8) |
5.8 (42.4) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
12.0 (53.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −7.0 (19.4) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
6.1 (43) |
12.4 (54.3) |
17.3 (63.1) |
19.9 (67.8) |
19.1 (66.4) |
14.3 (57.7) |
8.1 (46.6) |
2.1 (35.8) |
−3.9 (25) |
6.7 (44.1) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −11.2 (11.8) |
−10.4 (13.3) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
0.5 (32.9) |
5.9 (42.6) |
10.9 (51.6) |
13.5 (56.3) |
13.0 (55.4) |
8.6 (47.5) |
2.9 (37.2) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
1.5 (34.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −36.5 (−33.7) |
−35.0 (−31) |
−31.5 (−24.7) |
−21.1 (−6) |
−6.1 (21) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−5.0 (23) |
−11.5 (11.3) |
−19.0 (−2.2) |
−32.0 (−25.6) |
−36.5 (−33.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 60.4 (2.378) |
50.2 (1.976) |
50.3 (1.98) |
67.0 (2.638) |
76.1 (2.996) |
75.5 (2.972) |
81.8 (3.22) |
77.4 (3.047) |
75.0 (2.953) |
68.3 (2.689) |
81.7 (3.217) |
57.7 (2.272) |
821.5 (32.343) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 24.0 (0.945) |
22.2 (0.874) |
27.3 (1.075) |
63.0 (2.48) |
76.1 (2.996) |
75.5 (2.972) |
81.8 (3.22) |
77.4 (3.047) |
75.0 (2.953) |
64.9 (2.555) |
67.8 (2.669) |
25.9 (1.02) |
681.0 (26.811) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 36.4 (14.33) |
28.0 (11.02) |
23.0 (9.06) |
4.0 (1.57) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
0.0 (0) |
3.4 (1.34) |
13.8 (5.43) |
31.9 (12.56) |
140.5 (55.31) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 12.4 | 9.4 | 9.6 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 10.2 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.8 | 11.3 | 12.1 | 9.8 | 125.5 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 3.3 | 3.6 | 5.2 | 9.9 | 10.3 | 10.2 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.8 | 11.2 | 9.3 | 3.7 | 96.2 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 9.8 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 4.0 | 6.8 | 34.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 0.0 | 85.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 240.9 | 240.2 | 255.9 | 197.0 | 0.0 | 130.0 | 71.8 | 19.4 | 1,240.8 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 0.0 | 18.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 26.0 | 29.0 | 28.0 | 31.0 | 0.0 | 28.0 | 18.8 | 7.0 | 15.51 |
| Source: Environment Canada[15] | |||||||||||||
Services
The region is responsible for the services and infrastructure related to water delivery and wastewater treatment, waste collection and disposal, some arterial roads, public health, long-term care centres, Peel Regional Police, Peel Regional Paramedic Services, planning, public housing, paratransit, judicial and social services. Other municipal functions are provided by the three local-tier municipalities. These responsibilities have changed over time, as functions have been uploaded and downloaded to and from the provincial and regional levels, as directed by the Province of Ontario.
Law enforcement
- Peel Regional Police (PRP) provides police coverage for the majority of the region.
- Ontario Provincial Police (OPP) mainly provides highway coverage and fulfills a contract to police the town of Caledon.[16]
Education
Education in the Region of Peel is primarily available from taxpayer-funded public schools (secular) and separate schools (Catholic) in both the English and French languages.
Schools in Peel are managed by four school boards: the Peel District School Board (English public), the Dufferin-Peel Catholic District School Board (English separate), the Conseil scolaire Viamonde (French public), and the Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud (French separate).
Other services
Emergency medical services provided by Peel to the region's municipalities:
Peel Regional Paramedic Services
Formerly administered by the province, now in the hands of the region.
Child Care
Day care centres are operated for residents in Peel:
- Brampton West Child Care Centre
- Howden Child Care Centre
- Greenbriar Child Care Centre
- Chinguacousy Child Care Centre
- Collegeside Child Care Centre
- Streetsville Child Care Centre
- Malton Child Care Centre
- Ernest Majury Child Care Centre
- The Valleys Child Care Centre
- Cooksville Child Care Centre
- Ridgeway Child Care Centre
- PLASP Daycare Centre
Long Term Care
Facilities are for seniors and others with long term health needs:
- The Davis Centre
- Malton Village
- Peel Manor
- Sheridan Villa
- Tall Pines
Social Housing
Peel is the largest landlord in the Region. Its non-profit housing company, Peel Living, is one of the largest in Canada.[17]
Public Works
Peel manages the regions public works needs including:
- garbage and recycling programs
- water works
- road maintenance — non provincial roads
TransHelp
The Region of Peel's unique transportation service for people with disabilities, Transhelp was formerly run for Mississauga Transit and Brampton Transit but is now operated solely by the Region.
Shopping
Major shopping centres located in Peel Region include:
- Bramalea City Centre (Brampton)
- Shoppers World Brampton (Brampton)
- Square One Shopping Centre (Mississauga)
- Erin Mills Town Centre (Mississauga)
- Dixie Outlet Mall (Mississauga)
Highways
Seven 400-Series Highways border or pass through Peel Region. These freeways are among the busiest and most modern of Ontario, mostly constructed since the 1970s, and have contributed significantly to the rapid growth of the Region. One of the welcome signs of Brampton has the slogan "All roads lead to Brampton" and shows six 400-series numbers (401, 403, 407, 409, 410, 427).
400-series freeways
Other highways
- Highway 9, which forms the northern boundary of the region
- Highway 10
Demographics
According to the 2011 Census, 50.61% of Peel's population have English as mother tongue; Punjabi is the mother tongue of 8.92% of the population, followed by Urdu (3.84%), Polish (2.68%), Portuguese (2.29%), Tagalog (2.24%), Italian (2.09%), Spanish (2.08%), Arabic (1.96%), and Hindi (1.50%).[18]
| Mother tongue | Population | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| English | 653,555 | 50.61% |
| Punjabi | 115,200 | 8.92% |
| Urdu | 49,550 | 3.84% |
| Polish | 34,585 | 2.68% |
| Portuguese | 29,620 | 2.29% |
| Tagalog (Filipino) | 28,875 | 2.24% |
| Italian | 27,015 | 2.09% |
| Spanish | 26,835 | 2.08% |
| Arabic | 25,270 | 1.96% |
| Hindi | 19,375 | 1.50% |
| Canada census – Regional Municipality of Peel community profile | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 2006 | 2001 | |
| Population: | 1,296,814 (11.8% from 2006) | 1,159,405 (17.2% from 2001) | 988,948 (16.0% from 1996) |
| Land area: | 1,246.89 km2 (481.43 sq mi) | 1,242.40 km2 (479.69 sq mi) | 1,241.99 km2 (479.54 sq mi) |
| Population density: | 1,040.0/km2 (2,694/sq mi) | 933.2/km2 (2,417/sq mi) | 796.3/km2 (2,062/sq mi) |
| Median age: | 35.6 (M: 35.0, F: 36.1) | 34.4 (M: 33.8, F: 34.9) | |
| Total private dwellings: | 416,850 | 373,455 | 313,650 |
| Median household income: | $72,655 | $69,162 | |
| References: 2011[1] 2006[19] 2001[20] | |||
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 "(Code 3521) Census Profile". 2011 census. Statistics Canada. 2012. Retrieved 2012-03-01.
- ↑ "Regional Municipality of Peel (scanned map)". Map 21-6 [Southern Ontario]. Survey and Mapping Branch, Ministry of Natural Resources, Government of Ontario Canada. 1980. Retrieved 2010-02-01.
- ↑ "That Name "PEEL" -- Where Did We Get It ?". A history of the Peel county: to mark its centenary. Brampton ON: County of Peel. 1967.
- ↑ "Executive Management Team". Region of Peel website. Region of Peel, Ontario Canada. Retrieved 2006-07-05.
- ↑ Toronto Star, October 21, 2005
- ↑ Brampton Guardian, July 7, 2004
- ↑ ontla.on.ca
- ↑ "Regional Municipality of Peel Act, 2005". S.O. 2005, c. 20. Canadian Legal Information Institute. 2005. Retrieved 2006-07-05.
- ↑ "Peel Residents To Get Fairer Regional Representation" (Press release). Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing. 2005-06-13. Retrieved 2006-07-05.
- ↑ "Regional Municipality of Peel Act, 2005 S.o. 2005, chapter 20".
- ↑ "Mayor's Update" (Press release). City of Mississauga, Ontario Canada. April 2004. Retrieved 2006-07-07..
- ↑ "House Proceeding: Regional Municipality of Peel Act, 2005". 18:50 - 19:00. Debates of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. 2005-04-26. Retrieved 2006-07-07.
- ↑ Divell, Sabrina (2005-04-01). "Region will grind to a halt: Mayor". Brampton Guardian. p. 01. Archived from the original on 2006-09-06. Retrieved 2006-07-07.
- ↑ "Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport". 1981-2010 Canadian Climate Normals. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
- ↑ "Albion Field Centre". 1981-2010 Canadian Climate Normals. Environment Canada. Retrieved 2016-05-12.
- ↑ Regional Municipality of Peel Services Police Board website on the division of policing between the OPP and Peel Regional Police.
- ↑ "Housing - Peel Living". Regional Municipality of Peel, Ontario Canada. 2007. Retrieved 2007-07-05.
- ↑ Census Profile Peel, RM (Ontario) http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CD&Code1=3521&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=peel&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&Custom=&TABID=1
- ↑ "2006 Community Profiles". Canada 2006 Census. Statistics Canada. March 30, 2011. Retrieved 2012-02-02.
- ↑ "2001 Community Profiles". Canada 2001 Census. Statistics Canada. February 17, 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-02.
Further reading
- Region of Peel fonds at the Peel Art Gallery, Museum and Archives
External links
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