Phenylacetic acid

Phenylacetic acid
Names
IUPAC name
Phenylacetic acid
Identifiers
103-82-2 YesY
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:30745 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL1044 YesY
ChemSpider 10181341 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.002.862
UNII ER5I1W795A YesY
Properties
C8H8O2
Molar mass 136.15 g/mol
Density 1.0809 g/cm3
Melting point 76 to 77 °C (169 to 171 °F; 349 to 350 K)
Boiling point 265.5 °C (509.9 °F; 538.6 K)
15 g/L
Acidity (pKa) 4.31[1]
Hazards
Safety data sheet External MSDS
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Phenylacetic acid (PAA) (conjugate base phenylacetate), also known by various synonyms, is an organic compound containing a phenyl functional group and a carboxylic acid functional group. It is a white solid with a disagreeable odor. Endogeneously, it is a catabolite of phenylalanine. As a commercial chemical, because it can be used in the illicit production of phenylacetone (used in the manufacture of substituted amphetamines), it is subject to controls in countries including the United States and China.[2]

Names

Synonyms include α-toluic acid, benzeneacetic acid, alpha tolylic acid, 2-phenylacetic acid, and β-phenylacetic acid . Raja

Occurrence

Phenylacetic acid has been found to be an active auxin (a type of plant hormone),[3] found predominantly in fruits. However, its effect is much weaker than the effect of the basic auxin molecule indole-3-acetic acid. In addition the molecule is naturally produced by the metapleural gland of most ant species and used as an antimicrobial. It is also the oxidation product of phenethylamine in humans following metabolism by monoamine oxidase and subsequent metabolism of the intermediate product, phenylacetaldehyde, by the aldehyde dehydrogenase enzyme; these enzymes are also found in many other organisms.

Preparation

This compound may be prepared by the hydrolysis of benzyl cyanide:[4][5]

Phenylacetic acid

Applications

Phenylacetic acid is used in some perfumes, as it possesses a honey-like odor in low concentrations. It is also used in penicillin G production and diclofenac production. It is also employed to treat type II hyperammonemia to help reduce the amounts of ammonia in a patient's bloodstream by forming phenylacetyl-CoA, which then reacts with nitrogen-rich glutamine to form phenylacetylglutamine. This compound is then secreted by the patient's body. It's also used in the illicit production of phenylacetone, which is used in the manufacture of methamphetamine.

Camylofin is made from BnCO2H in a 3-step reaction consisting of a Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky halogenation, esterfication of the acid bromide with isoamylalcohol, and then reaction of the remaining alkylbromide with 2-(dethylamino)ethylamine.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Dippy, J. F. J.; Hughes, S. R. C.; Rozanski, A. (1959). "The dissociation constants of some symmetrically disubstituted succinic acids". Journal of the Chemical Society. 1959: 2492–2498. doi:10.1039/JR9590002492.
  2. ↑ "List of Regulated Drug Precursor Chemicals in China". Retrieved 27 April 2015.
  3. ↑ Wightman, F.; Lighty, D. L. (1982). "Identification of phenylacetic acid as a natural auxin in the shoots of higher plants". Physiologia Plantarum. 55 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1982.tb00278.x.
  4. ↑ Adams R.; Thal, A. F. (1922). "Phenylacetic acid". Org. Synth. 2: 59.; Coll. Vol., 1, p. 436
  5. ↑ Wenner, W. (1952). "Phenylacetamide". Org. Synth. 32: 92.; Coll. Vol., 4, p. 760
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