Phleum

This page is about the genus of grasses. Phleum is also the name of a Roman site now in Velsen, Netherlands.
timothy
Phleum pratense
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
(unranked): Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Genus: Phleum
L.
Type species
Phleum pratense
L.[1][2]
Synonyms[3]

Phleum (timothy) is a genus of annual and perennial plants in the grass family.[4] The genus is native to Europe, Asia and north Africa, with one species (P. alpinum) also in North and South America.[5]

They are tufted grasses growing to 20-150 cm tall, with cylindrical, spike-like panicles containing many densely packed spikelets.[6]

Species[3][7][8][9]
  1. Phleum alpinum – subarctic and mountainous areas in Eurasia, the Americas, South Georgia, etc.
  2. Phleum arenarium – western + southern Europe; Mediterranean
  3. Phleum bertolonii - Europe, Middle East
  4. Phleum boissieri - southwest Asia
  5. Phleum × brueggeri - France, Switzerland
  6. Phleum crypsoides - Sardinia, Greece, Cyprus
  7. Phleum echinatum - Italy, Greece, Balkans, Crimea
  8. Phleum exaratum - from Italy to Uzbekistan
  9. Phleum gibbum - Turkey
  10. Phleum himalaicum - Afghanistan, Pakistan, Kashmir
  11. Phleum hirsutum - central Europe, Balkans, Ukraine, Caucasus
  12. Phleum iranicum - Iran
  13. Phleum montanum - from Balkans to Iran
  14. Phleum paniculatum - from Spain to Japan
  15. Phleum phleoides – from Portugal + Morocco to eastern Siberia
  16. Phleum pratense – Timothy – from Portugal + Morocco to central Asia; naturalized in East Asia, the Americas, etc.
  17. Phleum subulatum - from Portugal to Pakistan
  18. Phleum × viniklarii - Dalmatia
formerly included[3]

numerous species now considered better suited to other genera: Aegilops Alopecurus Beckmannia Crypsis Cynodon Cynosurus Digitaria Elytrophorus Ischaemum Mnesithea Muhlenbergia Pennisetum Pentameris Phalaris Polypogon Polytrias Sesleria Tribolium

Cultivation and uses

Several species are important for cattle feed and as hay for horses and other domestic animals.[10]

References

  1. ↑ lectotype designated by Hitchcock, Prop. Brit. Bot.: 119. 1929
  2. ↑ Tropicos, Phleum L.
  3. 1 2 3 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  4. ↑ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 59-60 in Latin
  5. ↑ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Phleum
  6. ↑ Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 317, 367 梯牧草属 ti mu cao shu Phleum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 59. 1753.
  7. ↑ The Plant List search for Phleum
  8. ↑ Altervista Flora Italiana genere Phleum photos and distribution maps for several species
  9. ↑ Flora Europaea: Phleum
  10. ↑ USDA Plants Profile: Phleum
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