Port Kennedy Bone Cave
Port Kennedy Bone Cave | |
---|---|
Location | Valley Forge National Historic Park, Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania |
Depth | 50 ft |
Discovery | c. 1894 |
Geology | Potsdam limestone |
Entrances | 1 |
Hazards | buried |
Access | Restricted |
The Port Kennedy Bone Cave is a limestone cave in the Port Kennedy section of Valley Forge National Historical Park, Pennsylvania, USA.[1] The Bone Cave "contained one of the most important middle Pleistocene (Irvingtonian, approximately 750,000 years ago) fossil deposits in North America".[2]
History
The fossils in the cave were investigated by noted 19th-century palaeontologists Edward Drinker Cope, Henry C. Mercer, and Charles M. Wheatley. Some of the fossils, such as an unnamed member of Genus Dicaelus are unique to this cave and have not been identified elsewhere.[3]
The cave was originally discovered by limestone miners in the 19th century.[4] It was later filled in with asbestos-bearing industrial refuse and the cave's location was lost. The village of Port Kennedy was largely demolished in the 1960s during construction of the U.S. Route 422 Expressway. The tract containing the cave became part of the Valley Forge National Historical Park in 1978. In 2005, the National Park Service and geologists rediscovered the cave.[5]
It has been rumored that the quarry near where the cave is located near holds a crashed locomotive, which was used in the shooting of a now lost silent film in 1915, The Valley of Lost Hope.[5]
Remains found in the cave
Insect
Numerous insect remains were found imbedded in clay masses in the cave.[3]
These included:
- Cychrus Wheatleyi
- Cymindis aurora
- Cymindis punetulatus
- Dicaelus alutaceus
- Choeridium(?) ebeninum
- Phanæus antiquus
- Aphodius precursor
- Cicindela (2 sp)
Vertebrate
Mastodon americanus remains were found.[6]
Others included:[7]
- Megalonyx wheatleyi (sp. nov.) (2)
- Megalonyx jeffersonii (14)
- Megalonyx loxodon (sp. nov.)
- Megalonyx dissimilis
- Megalonyx sphenodon
- Megalonyx tortulus
- Arvicola sigmodus (sp. nov.) (2)
- Arvicola speothen (sp. nov.)
- Arvicola tetradelta (sp. nov.)
- Arvicola didelta (sp. nov.)
- Arvicola involuta (sp. nov.)
- Arvicola hiatidens (sp. nov.)
- Sciurus calycinus
- Jaculus hudsonius
Others
- Hesperomys
- Erethizon cloacinum (sp. nov.)
- Lepus sylvaticus
- Praotherium palatinum (sp. nov.) nomen dubium
- Vespertilio
- Ursus pristinus
- Tapirus americanus
- Tapirus haysii / copei
- Equus
- Bos
- Felis (poss Felis onca)
- Canis
- Meleagris Altus / Superbus
References
- ↑ Circa-1894 photo of the entrance to the Bone Cave, from Bucks County Historical Society.
- ↑ Bechtel, Timothy D.; Jaime L. Hojdila, Samuel H. Baughman II, Toni DeMayo, Edward Doheny (2005). "Relost and refound: Detection of a paleontologically, historically, cinematically(?), and environmentally important solution feature in the carbonate belt of southeastern Pennsylvania". The Leading Edge. 24 (5): 537. doi:10.1190/1.1926813. ISSN 1070-485X. Cite uses deprecated parameter
|coauthors=
(help) - 1 2 Society, American Entomological; Horn, M.D., George M. (December 1876). "Notes on some Coleopterous Remains from the bone cave at Port Kennedy, Penna.". Transactions of the American Entomological Society. 5. The Society. pp. 241–245. Retrieved 17 February 2011.
- ↑ "PORT KENNEDY BONE CAVE MONTGOMERY COUNTY" (PDF). DCNR. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 23 December 2014.
- ↑ Cope, ED. (1871) Preliminary report on the vertebrata discovered in the Port Kennedy Bone Cave. American Philosophical Society, 12:73-102.
- ↑ Society, American Philosophical; Cope, E. D. (1873). "PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE VERTEBRATA DISCOVERED IN THE PORT KENNEDY BONE CAVE". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society held at Philadelphia for promoting useful knowledge. 12. The Society. pp. 73–98. Retrieved 18 February 2011.
- "Relost and Refound". Retrieved 2009-11-09.
Coordinates: 40°06′07″N 75°25′29″W / 40.10182°N 75.42462°W