Postcard from Morocco

Postcard from Morocco is an opera in one act composed by Dominick Argento and libretto written by John Donahue that was commissioned by the Center Opera Company (now the Minnesota Opera). It is based on A Child's Garden of Verses by Robert Louis Stevenson. The setting is a train station in an exotic place, 1914. The world premier of the opera was on October 14, 1971, at the Cedar Village Theater, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Conducted by Philip Brunelle and stage direction by John Donahue. The set and costume designer was Jon Barkla and the lighting designer was Karlis Ozols. It was a huge success and went on to be produced in New York and around the world. This was Argento’s first international success. A masterpiece it exemplifies Argento’s abilities as a composer, “Argento’s Music speaks to his audience with a singular freshness and ardour”.^[1] Postcard is a moving and artful piece, which asks us to think about our motivations in life.

Roles

Role	Voice type	Premiere Cast, October 14, 1971 (Conductor: Philip Brunelle)
Mr. Owen	Tenor	Vern Sutton
Lady with a Hat Box	Soprano	Barbara Brant
Foreign singer	Mezzo-Soprano	Janis Hardy
Lady with a Hand Mirror	Coloratura soprano	Sarita Roche
Man with Old Luggage/ Puppet #1	Lyric tenor	Yale Marshall
Shoe salesman/ Puppet #2	Baritone	Barry Busse
Man with a Cornet Case/ Puppet Maker	Bass	Edward Foreman
Two Mimes	None	Wendy Lehr, Bain Boehlke

Orchestration

The orchestra and cast are both small. The cast consists of only seven singing characters and the orchestra is small; a piano, clarinet, saxophone, trombone, violin, viola, bass, a small percussion section, and classical guitar. The orchestra at times feels like a band in the train station scoring the action around them. The score also calls for non-traditional sounds of a train at the beginning and end of the piece. It asks for a whistle, it is possible to include the sound of the train (steam releasing, brakes) at the station for the beginning and end of the opera book ending it, emphasizing the station as a place people merely pass through not dwell in. These can be done with a live whistle but using a sound system provides greater range in dynamics and timbrel quality of the train sounds.

Synopsis

The characters are waiting in a train station; each of them reveals what they do but will not reveal the contents of their luggage, which they can't part with. The puppet master, who appears to live in the train station, tries to control and manipulate the passengers. The passengers all leave except one, Mr. Owen, who acts out a story about sailing away on a boat. Mr. Owen rebels against the puppet master breaking his control over the passengers. The puppet master does retain his control over one of the passengers, The foreign singer, whom he eerily controls at the very last moments of the play.

Analysis

This opera “has no clearly discernible plot but makes its effects through a powerful series of images and inferences,”^[2] The opera highlights human cruelty, and the resulting armor we all put up. Questioning others motivations, these characters spend the entire opera suspicious of one another not really seeing their common traits and not aware of the puppet master who is skillfully trying to seduce the passengers to become his marionettes. One critic says, "I cannot help feeling uncertain about a libretto in which opportunities for emotion are so easily come by… that the significance of what goes on has to be explained in a foreword.”^[3] This can be reinforced by the way Argento describes the process, “an untitled piece…a dozen or so typewritten pages of dialog, unassigned to any specific individual.”^[3] The lack of structure is a tool used by the creators to control the response forcing a lack of trust in our purpose in life. It is a surrealist opera about a group of strangers in a train station. These passengers guard their possessions because they define them. It is existentialist like the plays of Samuel Beckett. Their possessions create their need for existence rather than some self-motivation.The librettist gives these directions to help define the setting and general tone of the piece It should be set, “distinctively off or odd…not morbid or peculiar so much as wacky or exotic”. This and the oddities of the score, help classify it as surreal; an amalgamation of music and text condensed into a one-act opera.

Form

Postcard is an eclectic mix of forms. There is a selection from Wagner in the opera (Souvenirs de Bayreuth), which is an orchestral section during which a play is put on by mimes. In addition, it incorporates cabaret, and operetta. Argento describes himself as including “the whole world of music in his oyster.”^[4] One describes the piece saying, “Mr. Argento’s idiom is largely tonal, conservative yet distinctly his own, and borrows from ragtime and other strains of popular music.”^[2] This eclectic mix adds to the lyrics by reinforcing the exotic and distinctively odd goals of the piece.

Recording

Year	Cast (Lady with a Hand Mirror, Lady with a Cake Box, Foreign singer, Man with Old Luggage/ Puppet #1, Mr. Owen, Shoe salesman/ Puppet #2, Man with a Cornet Case/ Puppet Maker)	Opera House and Orchestra, conductor	Label
1972	Sarita Roche, Barbara Brant, Janis Hardy, Yale Marshall, Vern Sutton, Barry Busse, Edward Foreman	Philip Brunelle Orchestra of the Center Opera Company	Audio CD: Desto

References

1. 'An Introduction to Argento's Music' by Heidi Waleson, 1987
2. Review: Postcard From Morocco By Tim Page New York Times February 25, 1985.
3. Center Opera of Minnesota; Philip Brunelle; Dominick Argento Review author[s]: Hugo Cole ,Tempo, New Ser., No. 103. (1972), pp. 55–57.
4. Catalogue Raisonne As Memior By Dominick Argento University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, 2004 pg. 67