Proctotrupoidea

Proctotrupoidea

Pelecinus polyturator
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Suborder:	Apocrita
Superfamily:	Proctotrupoidea
Families
Austroniidae Diapriidae Heloridae Maamingidae Monomachidae Pelecinidae Peradeniidae Proctorenyxidae Proctotrupidae Roproniidae Spathiopterygidae†^[1] Vanhorniidae

The Hymenopteran superfamily Proctotrupoidea is a somewhat confusing assemblage of taxa, with new families being added (or removed) with surprising frequency, and very little to unify them all into a single natural group. It seems quite likely that the superfamily, as presently understood, is polyphyletic, consisting of at least two groups of otherwise unrelated wasps that have been lumped together because of superficial similarities and historical artifacts of classification. At least the following "clusters" of families do appear to be good groups: Austroniidae, Diapriidae, Maamingidae and Monomachidae in one group, and Heloridae, Pelecinidae, Peradeniidae, Proctotrupidae, and Vanhorniidae in another. The affinities of Proctorenyxidae and Roproniidae (which are closely related to one another) are still uncertain.

Only two of these families (Diapriidae and Proctotrupidae) have a substantial number of species - together they contain over 2000 species. The others are all tiny, often relictual groups. See links for individual families for details of life history and diversity.

References

↑ Engel; Ortega-Blanco; Soriano; Grimaldi; Martinez-Delclos (2013). "A new lineage of enigmatic diaprioid wasps in Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera, Diaprioidea)". American Museum Novitates. 3771.

Extant Hymenopteran families

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Subclass: Pterygota
Infraclass: Neoptera
Superorder: Endopterygota

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Xyeloidea	Xyelidae

Pamphilioidea	Megalodontesidae Pamphiliidae (web-spinning sawflies)

Tenthredinoidea	Argidae (argid sawflies) Blasticotomidae (fern sawflies) Cimbicidae (cimbicid sawflies) Diprionidae (conifer sawflies) Pergidae (pergid sawflies) Tenthredinidae (common sawflies)

U
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Cephoidea	Cephidae (stem sawflies)

Siricoidea	Anaxyelidae (cedar wood wasps) Siricidae (horntails)

Xiphydrioidea	Xiphydriidae (wood wasps)

Orussoidea	Orussidae (parasitic wood wasps)

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U
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a
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P
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s
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Stephanoidea

Stephanidae

Ichneumonoidea

Proctotrupomorpha

Platygastroidea	Platygastridae Scelionidae

Cynipoidea	Austrocynipidae Cynipidae (gall wasps) Figitidae Ibaliidae Liopteridae

Proctotrupoidea (s.str.)	Proctorenyxidae Roproniidae Heloridae Pelecinidae Peradeniidae Proctotrupidae Vanhorniidae

Diaprioidea	Austroniidae Diapriidae Maamingidae Monomachidae

Mymarommatoidea	Mymarommatidae

Chalcidoidea (chalcid wasps)	Agaonidae (fig wasps) Aphelinidae Chalcididae Encyrtidae Eucharitidae Eulophidae Eupelmidae Eurytomidae Leucospidae Mymaridae (fairyflies) Ormyridae Perilampidae Pteromalidae Rotoitidae Signiphoridae Tanaostigmatidae Tetracampidae Torymidae Trichogrammatidae

Ceraphronoidea

Megalyroidea

Megalyridae

Trigonaloidea

Trigonalidae

Evanioidea

A
c
u
l
e
a
t
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Apoidea

Anthophila (bees)	Andrenidae (mason bees) Apidae (honey bees, bumblebees, cuckoo bees, carpenter bees, orchid bees, stingless bees) Colletidae (plasterer bees) Halictidae (sweat bees) Megachilidae (mason bees, leafcutter bees) Melittidae Stenotritidae

Spheciformes (sphecoid wasps)	Ampulicidae (cockroach wasps) Crabronidae (sand wasps, bee wolves) Heterogynaidae Sphecidae (thread-waisted wasps)

Chrysidoidea

Vespoidea

Italic are paraphyletic groups

Based on Malm and Nyman (2015)

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 12/19/2015. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.

Proctotrupoidea

See also

References