Project Exile

This article is about a United States federal program. For the video game that was initially called Project Exile, see Black Sigil: Blade of the Exiled.

Project Exile is a federal program started in Richmond, Virginia in 1997. Project Exile shifted the prosecution of illegal technical gun possession offenses to federal court, where they carried a mandatory minimum sentence of five years in federal prison under the federal Gun Control Act of 1968, rather than in state court. Note that federal law (18 U.S.C. sec. 922 & 924) provides for a penalty of ten years in federal prison for being a "prohibited person" i.e. a convicted felon in possession of a firearm, as well as for falsifying information in order to obtain one, or furnishing a gun to a convicted felon.

The program has since been copied by several other cities, sometimes under other names. In Atlanta, for example, the program was known as FACE 5 (Firearms in Atlanta Can Equal 5 years in federal prison). While many have discontinued or modified their programs, Project Exile is still in effect in Rochester, NY.[1]

Origin and implementation

The program was designed to address the gang violence which had plagued Richmond. At the time of its inception, the level of murders and shootings had regularly increased each year, with Richmond's murder-per-capita rates being one of the highest five for the country. In 1997, 140 people were murdered, 122 of them with firearms.[2] There was strong community support for federal intervention. The African American community was being devastated by the violence (80% of all the homicide victims in Richmond were African-American). Half of the victims had no prior criminal record and many were innocent bystanders, the result of drug dealers' poor marksmanship and wild shooting at targets of opportunity.[2] The guiding principle of the program was to remove from the streets those who were mostly likely to commit gun violence: criminals with guns. This included convicted felons caught with guns (federal law prohibits felons from owning firearms) and those who committed crimes with a gun.[1] It also intended to deter would be-offenders with strict sentencing, specifically longer sentences with no possibility of bail or early release.[3]

Project Exile was named for the idea that if the police catch a criminal in Richmond with a gun in a crime, the criminal has forfeited his right to remain in this community, will face immediate federal prosecution and stiff mandatory federal prison sentences (often five years), and will thus be "exiled" to federal prison, often far away from the criminal's home town.[2]

In 1997, the program was implemented in conjunction with an extensive public outreach and media campaign to educate citizens about lengthy federal prison sentences for gun crimes and to maximize deterrence. The message An Illegal Gun Gets You Five Years in Federal Prison was placed on 15 billboards, a fully painted city bus carried the message changing routes every day, TV commercials, Metro Richmond traffic reports, over a million supermarket bags were also used to advertise Project Exile.[2] Rochester, NY became the second city to implement the plan in 1998 under the leadership of Mayor Bill Johnson.[1]

In the 2001, after the launch of a similar state program named Virginia Exile, Project Exile evolved from a federal only program to a larger cooperative effort with state and local authorities meeting bimonthly to review ongoing arrests to determine in which venue to bring the case so as to ensure the maximum possible penalty.[4] President George W. Bush made the program a part of his Project Safe Neighborhoods crime-prevention plan, which included increased funding for U.S. attorneys to prosecute gun crime.[1]

Politics

Support

The National Rifle Association (NRA) and the Brady Campaign were both early and vocal supporters of Project Exile,[4] The NRA lobbied the U.S. Congress to help secure $2.3 million for emulation of Exile in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Camden County, New Jersey, where similar firearms-related violence has plagued the communities. The NRA has remained a strong supporter of the program as its focus is on severely punishing all gun crimes especially illegal possession rather than by making gun purchases more difficult.[4] NRA executive vice president Wayne LaPierre stated "By prosecuting them they prevent the drug dealer, the gang member and the felon from committing the next crime... Leave the good people alone and lock up the bad people and dramatically cut crime."[4]

Opposition

Opposing Project Exile were libertarians, anti-prison advocates, black activists, and a coalition of pro-gun rights groups.[5]

A "Project Exile Condemnation Petition" was launched by Brian Puckett of GunTruths.com,[6] Larry Pratt of Gun Owners of America,[6][7] Angel Shamaya of KeepAndBearArms.com,[6] and former NRA director Russ Howard.[6] Other prominent opponents who were members of this anti-Exile coalition included Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership,[6] the Law Enforcement Alliance of America,[6] Libertarian Party presidential candidate Harry Browne,[6] and science fiction writer L. Neil Smith.[6]

From the left, Project Exile was condemned, as racist, by Families Against Mandatory Minimums,[8] and opposed by several members of the Congressional Black Caucus on the grounds that it would have a disproportionate effect on the black community since it targeted inner city communities where the crime rates were highest (such as in Richmond and Atlanta). In testifying against the reliance on federal mandatory minimum sentences in general, U.S. Congressman Bobby Scott (D-VA) noted that Richmond had a smaller drop in crime during the period Exile was in effect than did Norfolk, which did not have Exile.[9]

Results

Project Exile was widely praised after its first year's results were released.[10][11][12]

Within the first year (1997-1998) Project Exile resulted in:[2]

During the first year of Project Exile (1998), homicides in Richmond declined 33%, for the lowest number since 1987, and armed robberies declined 30%. In 1999, homicides declined another 21%.[2] By 2007, homicides in Richmond were down to 57 compared to 122 in the year before Project Exile.[4]

Research analysts offered different opinions as to the program's success in reducing gun crime. Authors of a 2003 analysis of the program argued that the decline in gun homicide was part of a general regression to the mean across U.S. cities with high homicide rates.[13] Authors of a 2005 study disagreed, concluding that Richmond's gun homicide rate fell more rapidly than the rates in other large U.S. cities with other influences controlled.[14]

Legacy

Project Exile, which was confined to Richmond and surrounding areas, has since been supplanted by Virginia Exile, the Commonwealth's statewide program which carries bail restrictions and imposes a mandatory minimum sentence of five years in a Virginia prison for those who:

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Bialik, Carl. "In the Shadow of Exile". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 United States House of Representatives House Judiciary Committee: "PROJECT EXILE AND VIRGINIA EXILE - SOLUTIONS FOR THE GUN PROBLEM WHICH WORK" 2000
  3. ↑ "Program Profile: Project Exile". CrimeSolutions.gov. National Institute of Justice. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Fields, Gary (5 August 2009). "Going After Crimes -- and Guns". Wall Street Journal.
  5. ↑ The Virginian-Pilot: "Project Exile flexes federal muscle at gun crime" By Joanne Kimberlin March 4, 2008
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Keep And Bear Arms Website: "We Condemn 'Project Exile' - A Coalition of American Leaders in the Firearms Movement" retrieved April 21, 2013
  7. ↑ Gun Owners Of America: "Liberal Think Tank Finds That Project Exile Doesn't Work" by Larry Pratt September 8, 2008
  8. ↑ PDF
  9. ↑ Congressional Record April 11, 2000
  10. ↑ San Francisco Gate: "Gun Enforcement Holds Down Richmond's Homicide Rate / `Project Exile' helping reverse violent trend" by Michael Janofsky February 17, 1999
  11. ↑ Baltimore Sun: "Changing a culture of gun violence - No compromise: Unbending enforcement makes criminals less likely to carry guns and kill. Getting Away With Murder" February 08, 2000
  12. ↑ The Free Lance-Star: "Stopping Gun Crime: Project Exile is the Best Program Yet Devised to Stop the Carnage on our Streets" March 30, 2000
  13. ↑ Prison Sentence Enhancements: The Case of Project Exile, in Evaluating Gun Policy by Jens Ludwig and Steven Raphael 251 (2003)
  14. ↑ Did Ceasefire, Compstat, and Exile Reduce Homicide? by Richard Rosenfeld 4 Crimonology & Pub. Pol'y 419 (2005)

Further reading

External links

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