List of proposed state mergers
"Proposed states" redirects here. For proposed separatist states, see Lists of active separatist movements.
For proposed annexations of non-sovereign territories, see List of irredentist claims or disputes.
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
This is a list of proposed state mergers, including both current and historical proposals originating from sovereign states or organizations. The entities listed below differ from separatist movements in that they would form as a merger or union of two or more existing states, territories, colonies or other regions, becoming either a federation, confederation or other type of unified sovereign state.
Current
Proposed state | Components | Notes |
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Reunification of the Greater China region is the stated goal of both states, though support in Taiwan is decreasing over time. Supported by Chinese nationalists in both states.[1][2][3] |
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Proposed reunification of the two Cypriot states to end the Cyprus dispute. Talks are ongoing, although specific plans, such as the Annan Plan, have so far failed.[4] |
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Proposed political union between the six member states of the East African Community.[5] |
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Korean reunification has been a goal for both Koreas since the 1953 armistice agreement. However, proposed strategies vary between the two Koreas.[6] |
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The reunification of Romania and Moldova became a popular concept in the two countries during the dissolution of the Soviet Union, and remains a commonly discussed aspiration for some in both countries. |
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The Union State became a popular concept in the Post-Soviet states during the late 1990's, and remains a current goal between some Post-Soviet states. |
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A proposed unification of the seven states of Central America into a Central American Republic. |
Historic
21st century
Proposed state | Components | Time period | Successful? | Notes |
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2014 | Yes (de facto) |
Crimea unilaterally seceded from Ukraine and later conducted a referendum to join the Russian Federation and was later annexed by Russia. The referendum was controversial and most countries continue to recognize Crimea as part of Ukraine. |
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2011 | No | President Ollanta Humala of Peru proposed Bolivian president Evo Morales to reunite the countries in a confederation.[7][8] The Cabinets of the two countries have held joint meetings.[9] |
20th century
Proposed state | Components | Time period | Successful? | Notes |
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1990 | Yes | German reunification |
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1990 | Yes | Yemeni unification |
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1982–1989 | Yes (1 January 1982 – 30 September 1989) |
A loose confederation was formed, but ended due to the Gambia's lack of interest in integration. |
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1972–1977 | Yes (1 January 1972 – 19 November 1977) |
An attempt by Muammar Gaddafi to build a Pan-Arab state. |
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1976 | Yes | Unified due to military conquest. See Reunification Day and the Fall of Saigon. |
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1975 | Yes | After independence in 1947, joining the new Indian Union was rejected by popular vote. Sikkim grew closer to India over time, becoming a protectorate and later a suzerainty of India. With Indian pressure and support, Sikkim voted to join India in 1975.[10][11] |
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1971 | Yes | Six independent emirates formed the United Arab Emirates in December 2, 1971. Ras Al Khaimah later joined the federation. |
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1974 | No | Proposed by Muammar Gaddafi. |
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1964 | Yes | |
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1963 | Yes | Singapore was expelled from the federation on 9 August 1965 due to political conflict and power tension. |
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1956–1960 | No | |
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1958 | Yes (14 February 1958 – 2 August 1958) |
An attempt to unify the two Hashemite kingdoms of Iraq and Jordan. While successful, the short-lived union was disestablished after a military coup deposed King Faisal II of Iraq. |
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1958 | Yes (22 February 1958 – 28 September 1961) |
A short-lived Pan-Arab state. |
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1958 | Yes (1958–1962) |
The expressed intention of the Federation was to create a political unit that would become independent from Britain as a single state, however, before that could happen, the Federation collapsed due to internal political conflicts. |
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1958 | Yes (8 March 1958 – 26 December 1961) |
Loose confederation between the United Arab Republic and (North) Yemen. |
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1953 | Yes (1953–1963) |
A semi-independent state. |
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1950–1951 | Yes | Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet |
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1949 | Yes | Newfoundland Act |
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1946–1948 | No | Josip Broz Tito came extremely close to getting Albania into accepting integration into Yugoslavia, but relations cooled in 1948 over fears that Yugoslavia only intended to use Albania for raw materials, subsequently resulting in the expulsion of Yugoslav diplomats. Yugoslav/Bulgarian negotiations fell through when Moscow attempted to force both countries into accepting Soviet control over the merge, which caused Yugoslavia to withdraw from negotiations and precipitated the Tito–Stalin split. |
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1948 | Yes | Annexation of Hyderabad |
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1947–1948 | Yes | Annexation of Junagadh |
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1947 | Yes | Instrument of Accession |
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1942–1944 | No | |
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1939–1948 | No | Proposed by Władysław Sikorski. |
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1939 | Yes | Hatay was a disputed territory between Syria and Turkey until 2004. Territory ceded from Syria to Turkey during the French Mandate of Syria, never formally recognized by Syria, but gave it up in 2004. |
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1938 | Yes (1938–1945) |
Anschluss |
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1922 | Yes (1922–1991) |
Treaty on the Creation of the USSR |
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1919 | Yes (1919) |
Act Zluky |
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1919 | No | Proposed federation between the Kingdom of Romania and the Kingdom of Hungary in personal union under the Romanian King.[12] |
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1918–1919 | No | Following the disintegration of Austria-Hungary in the final days of World War I, the German-speaking territories of the Empire attempted to begin a process of integration into Weimar Germany. The Allies did not favor the idea, and forced the Austrian rump state to sign the Treaty of Saint Germain, which prohibited Austria from uniting with Germany. |
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November or December 1918 | No | Also called "Intermarium". Suggested shortly after World War I to combat the influences of Germany and Russia. |
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1918 | Yes (1918–1947) |
Unification of Greater Romania |
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1918 | Yes (1918) |
See Treaty of Bucharest |
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1918 | Yes (1918–1992) |
Creation of Yugoslavia |
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1910–1916 | No | |
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1901 | Yes | Federation of Australia |
19th century
18th century
Proposed state | Components | Time period | Successful? | Notes |
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1707 | Yes | Though having been ruled since 1603 in Personal Union when James I succeeded both the English and Scottish crowns both countries remained separate sovereign nations states until 1706 when the Treaty of Union unified them into a single entity. |
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1777–1791 | Yes | |
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1786-1788 | Yes | United States Constitution is ratified by the Thirteen Original Colonies, replacing the Articles of Confederation and thereby forming a Federal government, ending the individual sovereignty of the US States. |
17th century
Proposed state | Components | Time period | Successful? | Notes |
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1658–1659 | No | Treaty of Hadiach |
16th century
Proposed state | Components | Time period | Successful? | Notes |
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1574–1658 | No | |
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1569 | Yes (1569–1795) |
See Union of Lublin |
15th century
Proposed state | Components | Time period | Successful? | Notes |
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1440 | Yes (1440–1444) |
See Union of Hungary and Poland |
14th century
Proposed state | Components | Time period | Successful? | Notes |
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1370 | Yes (1370–1382) |
See Union of Hungary and Poland |
See also
References
- ↑ Lynch, David (9 October 2014). "China's Long Game With Taiwan Just Got Longer". Bloomberg Business. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
- ↑ Nylander, Johan (4 November 2014). "Taiwan president will deal with China but not at expense of sovereignty". CNN. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
- ↑ Chung, Lawrence (25 September 2014). "Ruling on Hong Kong poll a hammer blow to Taiwan reunification hopes". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
- ↑ "Basis for a Comprehensive Settlement of the Cyprus Problem" (PDF). GlobalSecurity.org. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
- ↑ LAMU (3 September 2009). "An East African Federation: Big ambitions, big question-marks". The Economist. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
- ↑ Babones, Salvatore (17 October 2014). "2015: The Year of Korean Reunification?". The National Interest. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
- ↑ "Humala Invites Morales to Consider the Re-Unification of Peru and Bolivia". mercopress.com. June 22, 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ↑ "Humala Says Dreams of Peru-Bolivia Reunification". buenosairesherald.com. June 22, 2011. Retrieved May 25, 2016.
- ↑ "Peru and Bolivia reach gas deal at 'bi-national cabinet'". perureports.com. 24 June 2015. Retrieved 22 July 2016.
- ↑ "The Forgotten Kingdom". FP. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
- ↑ "25 years after SIKKIM". Nepali Times. 23 March 2001. Retrieved 27 August 2016.
- ↑ Béla K. Király, Gunther Erich Rothenberg, War and Society in East Central Europe: Trianon and East Central Europe antecedents and repercussions, p. 114
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