Proviso East High School

Proviso East High School
Address
807 South First Avenue
Maywood, Illinois 60153
United States
Coordinates 41°52′51″N 87°49′56″W / 41.8809°N 87.8323°W / 41.8809; -87.8323Coordinates: 41°52′51″N 87°49′56″W / 41.8809°N 87.8323°W / 41.8809; -87.8323
Information
School type public secondary
Opened 1911
School district Proviso Twp. HS Dist. 209
Superintendent Nettie Collins-Hart[1]
Principal Tony Valente[2]
Faculty 187[3]
Grades 9–12
Gender coed
Enrollment 1,786[4]
Average class size 22.6[4]
Campus suburban
Color(s)      royal blue
     white[5]
Athletics conference West Suburban Conference
Nickname Pirates[5]
Average ACT scores 16.1[4]
Newspaper Pageant[6]
Yearbook Provi[6]
Website east.pths209.org/index3.asp

Proviso East High School is a public secondary school in Maywood, Illinois which serves the educational needs of Maywood and three other villages within Proviso Township, Cook County, Illinois: Broadview, Forest Park and Melrose Park. It is the original campus of Proviso Township High Schools District 209. Prior to being split into East and Proviso West High School in 1958, East was known as Proviso Township High School. The school is located at the intersection of Madison Street and First Avenue (which is Illinois Route 171 in that part of Maywood).

Proviso East's history in many ways reflects that of some suburban and urban schools in the United States. While initially serving mostly a Caucasian population, as demographic shifts occurred in the post-World War II years, a larger African-American population moved in creating tensions that were widespread in similar communities across the United States.

Despite the tensions that occurred in the second half of the twentieth century, the school is known for its extensive list of notable alumni. While perhaps best known for its connection to notable NBA players (Jim Brewer and Glenn "Doc" Rivers among the more prominent) and other athletes such as Ray Nitschke, the school has seen other alumni achieve well in other areas, such as businesswomen Sheila Johnson, actor Dennis Franz, and astronaut Eugene Cernan, the last human to walk on the moon.

History

1911—World War II

The cornerstone of the school was laid on 21 January 1911 in a ceremony presided over by a local lodge of the Ancient Free and Accepted Masons (part of the newspaper story reported the group to be the Knights Templar).[7] The 22 member class of 1911 graduated from the building, even though the school would not be completed until July.[8]

From even its early days, students were no stranger to protest. In May 1913, in retaliation for what students claimed were "harsh methods", an effigy of the principal, J.E. Witmer, was hung from the telegraph wires in front of the school. After the principal removed the effigy in the early evening, another was hung from the flagpole on top of the school. When signs were found painted on the sidewalk in front of the school the next day, the local marshal took every male in the senior class into custody, ordering them to remove the signs under threat of arrest.[9] The next year, 110 students walked out on strike when the principal refused to grant a holiday for Columbus Day.[10]

In October 1915, the school district began the process of selling US$50,000 in bonds for the purpose of expanding the school.[11]

In 1929, work began on a new school building. A bond issue was approved by voters in June, though a lawsuit filed by some local taxpayers led to an injunction blocking the bond issue after construction had begun.[12] The new school construction was eventually completed.

In November 1936, voters in the district approved a bond issue, in conjunction with funding from the Public Works Administration, for the construction of a fieldhouse.[13] The fieldhouse, including a swimming pool, was completed in 1938.[14]

World War II–1950s

The outbreak of World War II brought almost immediately bad news to the school. Several of their alumni had been a part of an Illinois National Guard unit (Baker Company, 192nd Tank Battalion). The unit had been activated by the U.S. Army in 1940, and was caught in heavy fighting in the Philippines. Of the 137 members of the company that were killed or captured while defending the islands against the Japanese invasion, 52 of them were alumni.[15] Those not killed were forced to participate in the Bataan Death March.[16] Starting in September 1942, and for every September since, the loss to the community has been commemorated.[17] In the end, 191 alumni were killed in the war.[18]

There were several changes to the school as a result of the war. A pre-flight aeronautics class that was open to both young men and women. Ostensibly, the course was designed to reduce training time for future military pilots.[19] Despite being a suburban school, coursework was offered to students who were interested in filling needed jobs in the agriculture sector.[20] The National Youth Administration (NYA) built a workshop on the property to advance vocational education. When the NYA ceased operation in 1943, the school negotiated for the workshop to be turned over to the school, greatly increasing its work space for vocational education.[21] During the summer months, Proviso became a center for training industrial workers necessary for the war effort, offering classes in three shifts, 24 hours a day.[22]

In April 1951, the Illinois Education Association meeting held at Proviso East saw a keynote address by Edith S. Sampson, the United States' alternate delegate to the United Nations, and the first African-American woman to represent the U.S. at the United Nations.[23]

In 1953, researchers from the University of Chicago recommended that the school begin planning to expand, and school district officials began examining the purchase of land for a new school.[24] By 1955, the school population had grown to over 3,400 students, with an estimated increase to over 6,500 students by 1956.[25] In June 1955, the board accepted a recommendation to purchase a 60 acre site in the town of Hillside, and planned a bond issue for the autumn.[26] Even with the plans for a new school moving forward, the district also approved an expansion of Proviso: a new gymnasium for young women, new music rooms, and new facilities for woodworking classes.[27] In November, the bond issue was approved by a 5900-626 vote.[28] 1957, the last year Proviso would be the only school in the district, the student population topped out at over 4,800 students.[29] With the new school determined to be Proviso West, the board of education voted to officially change the school's name to Proviso East, effective 1 July 1958.[30]

1960s

In 1963, with a combined student population of over 7,000 between the two schools, further room was needed. East added a total of nine new classrooms by (literally) carving them from a hallway, and the passageway which connected the new and old additions of the school.[31] Proviso East was caught up in a great deal of the racial turmoil that was prevalent in the country in the late 1960s. The 1967–68 school year saw local tensions become violent.

In September 1967, a large fight, started in the school cafeteria when five caucasian girls were selected by school officials as finalists for the school's Homecoming Queen, escalated as students were dismissed. Property damage, some caused by the use of gasoline bombs, and fighting caused more than 100 state troopers to be called in, and a strict curfew to be enforced. Principal Hubert Pitt announced that he would appoint a racially balanced group of students to select a new slate of candidates.[32]

Three days later, the situation had not improved, and officials were forced to ask parents to come in and patrol the halls in an attempt to quell the violence. Another fight broke out in the cafeteria. One of the suspected perpetrators was later found out not to be a student at the school leading some to suspect the fight was planned. 31 students were arrested after they later attempted to run from the school. Later, nineteen students were arrested on the street for carrying tire irons. This all came 24 hours after approximately one-half of the school refused to attend classes.[33]

The local chapter of the NAACP by this time had urged a boycott of the schools, and drew up a list of 28 demands for school officials. Some students, both African-American and Caucasian, defied the boycott, but only about one-third of students showed up for classes.[34][35] The boycott was lifted on 1 October, after officials of the school district and the local NAACP reached a compromise.[36]

Later that month, another series of fights at the school required the help of state and county police in addition to police from the City of Chicago and surrounding suburbs. The fights stemmed from the suspension of an African-American student who was fighting with a Caucasian student.[37] The next day, over 300 police officers were called in to handle new disturbances that caused classes to be cancelled. Several students in the street were arrested for criminal damage and theft. Teachers threatened to strike if discipline was not restored. Later that day, an arson threat was called in against the school, forcing police to ring the school, and begin keeping outsiders away from the area. The superintendent threatened to assign uniformed officers to each classroom, if necessary.[38] Two days later, classes resumed with 55 off duty police officers inside the school, and expulsion notices were sent out to students seen as "persistent trouble makers".[39] This led to the expulsion of 35 students.[40]

There was another incident in March involving 300 students.[41] The following day, school officials closed Proviso East for two days.[42] While the school was closed, school officials met to review discipline procedures and plan enforcement, which they said would include the use of chemical mace to quell disturbances.[43] The 300 students involved in the most recent fighting were permitted to return, provided they signed a nonviolence pledge, a move that was challenged by the NAACP.[44] The school board then voted to defer the requirement or students to sign the pledges.[45]

The 1968–69 school year saw more racial problems.

In mid-September, after a day that saw 15 students hurt during fights in the school, a group of 200 students began throwing rocks and other projectiles at passing cars. Seven were arrested.[46] The incidents resulted in six expulsions and three more students withdrawing.[47]

1970s and 1980s

While the 1970s did see a calmer start than the 1960s ended for Proviso East, there were new issues that had to be faced.

Despite the school's large population (still about 4000), the school was forced to adopt austerity measures, which in 1973 involved laying off 52 of the districts' 422 teachers. About 150 students responded by walking out of school, each of which resulted in a suspension.[48]

As the 1980s arrived, Proviso East became a school with a population that was now predominantly African-American. This was not the case with its sister school. In 1976, the Illinois State Board of Education had passed rules that required the percentage of minority students within a school be within 15% of the district's minority enrollment.[49] The school district had redrawn the attendance boundaries for the district to comply, however did not successfully desegregate when local housing patterns did not change as anticipated.[49] In 1982, the Illinois Supreme Court invalidated the State Boards orders, claiming they had overstepped their authority in demanding desegregation.[50]

1990s

In 1996 Casey Banas of the Chicago Tribune stated that the school had a poor reputation. In the six county Chicago metropolitan area, as of 1996, Proviso East ranked no. 128 in a ranking of 132 suburban high schools on the American College Test (ACT). That year, Joseph Scoliere, the superintendent of the Forest Park School District 91, stated that of the 91 students graduating from the 8th grade in June 1996, 25 enrolled at Proviso East.[51]

Academics

Proviso East's class of 2009 had an average composite ACT score of 15.6.[4] 88.3% of the senior class graduated.[4] Proviso East did not make Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) on the Prairie State Achievements Examination, which with the ACT comprises the state assessments used to fulfill the federal No Child Left Behind Act. Neither the school overall, nor any of its four student subgroups met expectations in reading or mathematics.[4] As of 2009, the school is listed as being in its sixth year of academic watch.[4]

Athletics

Proviso East competes in the West Suburban Conference. The school is also a member of the Illinois High School Association (IHSA), which governs most sports and non-athletic competition in the state. Teams are stylized as the Pirates. Prior to the 1975–76 school year, Proviso East had been an original member of the Suburban League. With the League's end, Proviso East joined the West Suburban Conference, and has remained there ever since.[52]

The school sponsors interscholastic athletic teams for young men and women in: basketball, bowling, cross country, golf, soccer, tennis, track & field, and volleyball. Young men may also compete in baseball, football, and wrestling, while young women may compete in softball.[53]

The following teams have finished in the top four of their respective IHSA state championship tournament or meet:[54]

The wrestling program, as of the end of the 2008–09, is tied for the most state championships and most top four finishes in state history. The program holds the state record for most top 10 finishes.[55]

The baseball team's four state titles tie it with two other schools for the state record.[56]

On 3 October 1934, the school's new stadium was dedicated. While four teams from the school did play, the highlight of the dedication was an exhibition between the Maywood Athletic club football team and the NFL Chicago Cardinals.[57]

In March 1941, the fieldhouse at Proviso East hosted a tennis exhibition featuring the Alice Marble Troupe of Professional Tennis Stars. Among the tennis players in attendance to compete were Donald Budge and Bill Tilden.[58]

The school was the site for the men's and women's volleyball matches at the 1959 Pan American Games.[59]

Notable alumni

Activism and public service

Arts and entertainment

Science and letters

Business

Sports

References

  1. "About Us (PEHS)". Proviso East High School. Archived from the original on 5 May 2009. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  2. "Administrative directory for PEHS". Proviso East High School. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2013.
  3. "Staff listing for PEHS". Proviso East High School. Archived from the original on 22 July 2009. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Class of 2009 Illinois School Report Card" (PDF). Illinois State Board of Education (ISBE). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  5. 1 2 "Proviso East HS information". Illinois High School Association (IHSA). Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  6. 1 2 "List of activities at PEHS". Proviso East High School. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  7. "Proviso Township High School Cornerstone Laid by Maywood Lodge A. F. & A. M. No. 869". Chicago Daily Tribune. 22 January 1911. p. 5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  8. "Schools and Colleges: Public Schools Exercises". Chicago Daily Tribune. 23 June 1911. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  9. "Hang Principal in Effigy; Proviso High School Puplis Object to Methods of Witmer. Put Signs on Sidewalks. Maywood Marshal Forces Boys to Remove Their Literary Efforts". Chicago Daily Tribune. 24 May 1913. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  10. "High School Pupils Strike: 110 CharivarI Maywood; Seize Park When Denied Holiday. Deride Angry Marshal. Principal Doesn't Know What He'll Do to "War Dancers"". Chicago Daily Tribune. 14 October 1913. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  11. "Display Ad 16 -- Bids for School Bonds, Proviso Township High School". Chicago Daily Tribune. 3 October 1915. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  12. "Writ Granted to Halt Bond Issue of Proviso H. S: Work on New Building Is Stopped by Court". Chicago Daily Tribune. 19 January 1930. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  13. "No Relief, But Proviso Votes Fieldhouse Cash". Chicago Daily Tribune. 15 November 1936. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  14. "Proviso Township Fieldhouse". Chicago Daily Tribune. 11 April 1937. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  15. "Proviso Pupils Plan a Tribute to Their Heroes: Assembly on Tuesday Will Honor Men of Bataan". Chicago Daily Tribune. 17 May 1942. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  16. "Bataan Heroes--Who They Were in Civilian Life: West Suburbs Await Word of Soldiers". Chicago Daily Tribune. 12 April 1942. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  17. Geserick, June (13 September 1942). "Maywood Shows Sons It Won't Forget Heroism: 30,000 See Ceremonies of Bataan Day". Chicago Daily Tribune.
  18. "Unveil Plaques to Proviso's 196 War Dead Today: Legion Posts to Make Presentation Unveil Plaques to Proviso's 196 War Dead Today: Eight Legion Posts to Participate". Chicago Daily Tribune. 8 December 1949. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  19. "7 Girls, 158 Boys Prepare to Fly at Proviso High". Chicago Daily Tribune. 25 October 1942. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  20. "50 Proviso High Pupils Studying for Farm Work". Chicago Daily Tribune. 28 March 1943. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  21. "Transfer NYA Shops to Use of Proviso High". Chicago Daily Tribune. 12 September 1943. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  22. "Proviso Course for Machinists on Shift Basis". Chicago Daily Tribune. 26 September 1943. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  23. "U. N. Delegate Will Speak at I. E. A. Banquet". Chicago Daily Tribune. 22 April 1951. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  24. Hutchinson, Louise (22 August 1954). "Suburb High Schools Plan for Expansion: See Large Jump in Enrollments". Chicago Daily Tribune. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  25. Philbrick, Richard (27 February 1955). "Proviso TWP. High Grows in Size and Spirit: School Builds Scholars, Good Citizens". Chicago Daily Tribune. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  26. "Proviso Board to Hear Plan for 2d School: Seek Sixty Acre Hillside Site". Chicago Daily Tribune. 19 June 1955. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  27. "$200,000 Gym Planned for Proviso High: Set as First Step in Expansion". Chicago Daily Tribune. 31 July 1955. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  28. "City Manager Plan Defeated in Desplaines: Sewer Bonds Lose by Wide Margin". Chicago Daily Tribune. 20 November 1955. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  29. Avery, Suzanne (25 August 1957). "Proviso High Gets Set for Tight Squeeze: Enrollment Is Largest in History Proviso High School Prepares for Large Student Enrollment Next Month". Chicago Daily Tribune. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  30. "Board Votes to Rename Proviso High School". Chicago Daily Tribune. 19 January 1958. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  31. "Proviso High Enrollments Largest Ever". Chicago Tribune. 1 September 1963. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  32. "Curfews Help End Disorder in 2 Villages: Maywood, Aurora Are Scenes of Fights". Chicago Tribune. 23 September 1967. pp. a8.
  33. "Proviso High Disrupted by Violence: Violence Hits Proviso East; Parents to Help Patrol School". Chicago Tribune. 26 September 1967. p. 1. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  34. "Proviso Is Quiet; Boycott On: Attendance Dips to 33 Pct. of Enrollment". Chicago Tribune. 27 September 1967. pp. b2. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  35. "N.A.A.C.P. to Push Proviso High Boycott". Chicago Tribune. 29 September 1967. p. 24. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  36. "Approve Pact to End Proviso High Dispute". Chicago Tribune. 2 October 1967. pp. b28. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  37. "17 Maywood Puplis Hurt in New Incident: Fights Erupt After a Suspension". Chicago Tribune. 20 October 1967. pp. a1. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  38. "Racial Unrest at Proviso E. Ends Classes: Disorder Also Closes Joliet High". Chicago Tribune. 21 October 1967. pp. a6. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  39. "The Right to Attend School in Safety". Chicago Tribune. 24 October 1967. p. 8. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  40. "35 Students Expelled at Proviso East". Chicago Tribune. 29 October 1967. p. 29. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  41. "300 Students in Racial Fight". Chicago Tribune. 13 March 1968. pp. b5. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  42. Whisler, Weldon (14 March 1968). "Proviso East Ordered Shut for Two Days: Act After Renewal of Racial Strife". Chicago Tribune. p. 14. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  43. Whisler, Weldon (16 March 1968). "Proviso Code Will Be Firm, Parents Told". Chicago Tribune. pp. s a11. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  44. "Proviso High Nonviolence Pledge Ripped: N.A.A.C.P. Threatens Court Action". Chicago Tribune. 19 March 1968. p. 4. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  45. "Defer Action on E. Proviso Peace Pledge". Chicago Tribune. 20 March 1968. p. 4. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  46. "Disperse Rock Throwing Mob in Maywood". Chicago Tribune. 19 September 1968. p. 7. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  47. "Proviso East Expels Six in Race Disorder". Chicago Tribune. 24 September 1968. pp. a2. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  48. "150 students strike to protest firings". Chicago Tribune. 5 April 1973. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  49. 1 2 Sullivan, Barbara (23 October 1982). "Court voids state school bias rules". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  50. Banas, Casey (17 November 1982). "State school board pledges to keep fighting segregation". Chicago Tribune.
  51. Banas, Casey. "Proviso East Flunks Test With Many Area Parents." Chicago Tribune. November 15, 1996. Retrieved on February 23, 2014.
  52. Shnay, Jerry (6 February 1974). "Suburban League will end in 1975". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  53. "Athletic Department at PEHS". Proviso East High School. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  54. "Season summaris for PEHS". Illinois High School Association (IHSA). Retrieved 30 September 2013.
  55. "Table of Titles – Boys Wrestling". Illinois High School Association (IHSA). Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  56. "IHSA Boys Baseball Multiple State Champions". Illinois High School Association (IHSA). Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  57. "Cardinals Play Maywood at New Stadium Tonight". Chicago Daily Tribune. 3 October 1934. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  58. "Maywood to See World's Tennis Stars In Action". Chicago Daily Tribune. 23 March 1941. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  59. Lyke, Bill (29 August 1959). "Drive Out to the Pan-Am Gamnes!". Chicago Tribune. pp. B1. Retrieved 14 August 2009.
  60. Schultz, Teri (12 February 1970). "Dissenters Won't Close This School". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 22 July 2009. ... we have nothing to organize around", complains a Proviso East (We're Fred Hampton's alma mater) student.
  61. 1 2 Sculley, Bob (4 May 2000). "Why revisit hometown roots?". Ludington, Michigan: Ludington Daily News. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Most Proviso grads went on to good jobs ... Our group even produced a smattering of celebrities ... Mike Douglas ... Carol Lawrence ... White Sox pitcher Orval Grove ...
  62. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Akouris, Tina (7 November 2007). "High School of the Week – Proviso East". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on 21 June 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2009.
  63. "Pre-Fab Stars". vol 47 #16. People Magazine. 28 April 1997. Retrieved 21 July 2009. At Proviso East High in Maywood, Ill., NYPD Blue's hard-boiled Dennis Franz was as clean-cut as Wally Cleaver.
  64. Guarino, Mark (28 February 2000). "Prine's show everything a homecoming should be". Arlington Heights, Illinois: Daily Herald.
  65. Hurst, Jack (21 January 1979). "Why is John Prine singing: The much-heralded singersongwriter and onetime west suburban mailman asked himself that very question a while back. Did he really want to live in a world of fawning fans and silly celebrities? The answer now appears to be yes. An accommodation has been reached". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 5 January 2015. At Proviso East High School, his most outstanding work seems to have been as a gymnast.(subscription required)
  66. "Eugene Cernan official biography". National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  67. Cernan, Eugene; Davis, Donald (1992). The Last Man on the Moon: astronaut Eugene Cernan and America's race in space. MacMillan. p. 24. ISBN 978-0-312-19906-7. In June, 1952, I graduated from Proviso High, ranked fourteenth in a class of 762.
  68. Borden, Jeff (Winter 2009). "I Knew I Wanted to be a University President". IIT Magazine. Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT). Office of Communications and Marketing. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Jischke graduated from Proviso High School (now Proviso East) ...
  69. Jenkins, Sean (25 June 2009). "Slam Dunk: Proviso East Alum brings home NBA ring". West Suburban Journal Online. Retrieved 21 July 2009.
  70. "Donnie Boyce career stats & biographical sketch". Basketball Database.com. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  71. George, Thomas (6 September 1999). "Down So Long, Falcons and Buchanan Deal With Success". New York Times. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Buchanan grew up near Chicago playing football at Proviso High ...
  72. Coble, Don (5 November 1999). "Falcons notebook: Buchanan reflects on his prep experience". Augusta, Georgia: Augusta Chronicle. Morris News Service. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Ray Buchanan ... the often-flamboyant cornerback said most of his professional success came from things he learned at Chicago's Proviso East High.
  73. Akouris, Tina (12 January 2009). "Hurdles change into challenges". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved 22 July 2009. Her family lived next door to Greg Foster, the state-champion hurdler from Proviso East, UCLA track star and future 1984 Olympic silver medalist.
  74. "Reggie Jordan career statistics & biographical sketch". Basketball Database.com. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  75. Stablein, Tim (22 June 2009). "Pirate Pride' embraces East hoops". Maywood, Illinois: Maywood Herald. Retrieved 22 July 2009. The least-known professional player to graduate from Proviso East, David Grace said, was Reggie Jordan.
  76. "Chuck Kassel career statistics & biographical sketch". Football Database.com. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  77. Fieldman, Chuck (8 August 2008). "Parade honoring Glenn "Doc" Rivers Aug. 16". Proviso Herald. Maywood-Melrose Park-West Proviso-Westchester, Illinois. Retrieved 22 July 2009.
  78. "Mike Woodard career statistics & biographical sketch". The Baseball Cube.com. Archived from the original on 9 May 2009. Retrieved 21 July 2009.

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