RCAF Station St. Sylvestre

RCAF Station St. Sylvestre
Part of RCAF Air Defence Command
Lotbinière, Quebec
Coordinates 46°22′04″N 071°13′51″W / 46.36778°N 71.23083°W / 46.36778; -71.23083Coordinates: 46°22′04″N 071°13′51″W / 46.36778°N 71.23083°W / 46.36778; -71.23083
Type PINETREE Radar Station
Code RCAF ADC C-6
Site information
Controlled by RCAF
Site history
Built 1952 (1952)
Built by RCAF
In use 1953-1964
Events Cold War
Garrison information
Occupants No.13 AC&W (Radar) Squadron
RCAF Stn St. Sylvestre
Location of RCAF Stn St. Sylvestre Quebec

Royal Canadian Air Force Station St. Sylvestre (RCAF ADC ID: C-6) was a Radar station of the Pinetree Line, located at Saint-Sylvestre, Quebec, sixty-nine kilometres south Quebec City, in the Lotbinière Region of Quebec. Construction starting in 1952, the Station opened on 15 September 1953, as RCAF Station Ste-Marie, being renamed RCAF Station St. Sylvestre, in 1955, being located just five miles southeast of the Village of St. Sylvestre.[1][2][3]

The PINETREE Line: Why St. Sylvestre?

Plans for the PINETREE Line were first considered, as early as May 1946, as Canada worked with the United States to consider cooperative continental defence planning, against limited long-range air attacks. In 1949, the United States Congress agreed to 'shared' financing the construction of a line of radar stations, across southern Canada, and the northern United States, a double screen, of overlapping radars, providing a reliable warning of ‘air attack’ and for the direction of fighter interceptors. Given the estimated costs in construction, maintenance and personnel, it was agreed Canada would focus on priorities in southern Ontario and Quebec, with the United States on stations in the West, and Atlantic Canada.[4][5]

In 1952, the locations agreed, the PINETREE Project Office established, construction of the first PINETREE Stations began, they being completed by 1954. In the Eastern Canada, the stations ran in a line essentially along the 50th parallel, St Sylvestre being an anomaly situated at 46.33 Degrees North. Amongst several reasons, St Sylvestre was selected because of its Mont Sainte-Marguerite, at an altitude of 698 metres (2290 feet), on the north edge of the Appalachians; it easily looked north over Quebec’s Laurentian Plain, covering approaches into the eastern United States.[6][7]

As a Continental Air Defense Integration North - PINETREE Line Station, its radomes located on Mont Sainte-Marguerite, it was designated as a Priority 1 Project, to be part of RCAF Air Defence Command 1 ADCC Operational Sector. The Sector’s Air Defence Control Centre (No.1 ADCC) was located at RCAF Station Lac St. Denis, and it remained St Sylvestre’s ‘control’ through the signing of the NORAD Agreement in 1958, later becoming the Montreal NORAD Air Defense Sector.[8]

No. 13 Aircraft Control & Warning Squadron

Canada’s early ‘Continental Radar Defence System’ stations, with both early warning and aircraft control functions were initially identified with - Radio Detachments (RD) designations, changing to - Radio Units (RU) in 1944, later - Radio Stations (RS). When first established, these Stations utilized a ‘fully manual’ system of plotting the movement of aircraft, on large plotting boards. No. 206 RCAF Radio Station first ran the St. Sylvestre radar functions; being renamed No. 13 Aircraft Control & Warning Squadron. No.13 AC&W Sqn was designated an early warning unit on 13 February 1954, becoming fully operational on 1 September 1955.[9]

As it was growing into its role, St Sylvestre hosted a training detachment of No. 1 Radar and Communications School, (RCAF Station Clinton), from May 1954 until May 1955. The Detachment used the Station’s operational setting to carry out the ‘equipment phase’ training of RCAF Telecommunications Branch - Radar Technicians, on the operation of the GE AN/FPS-6B long-range height finding radar.[10]

RCAF Station St. Sylvestre, Site C-6, was a Group II PINETREE Medium Radar Site, whose essential services, operations, with staffing, and their associated costs were the responsibility of the RCAF. As a Type C Station, it consisted of an operations building, of RCAF design, with two adjoining radar towers of similar construction, plus domestic and service buildings. The ‘search’ radar, with a range 75–100 km, was installed on the roof of the ‘main’ operations building and on two adjacent towers were the height finder, and a back-up ‘search’. Recurring wind damage, and winter weather, led to the housing of the radars inside 15-metre diameter inflated rubber domes.[11]

Callsign: Eaglebeak, St. Sylvestre’s operational capabilities first included a GCI Ground Controlled Intercept function, using a GE AN/CPS-6B Medium Radar, with Early Warning capability, a three-dimensional radar capable of providing range, azimuth and height of a target. In late 1961 the GE AN/CPS-6B was replaced by a Bendix AN/FPS-20 Long Range (Search) Radar, combined with two GE AN/FPS-6B Long-Range Height Finding Radars.[12][13]

St. Sylvestre: The Domestic Site

Like all PINETREE Line stations, St Sylvestre was a self-contained community, with ‘private married quarters’, initially five single and thirty double-width family homes, with 25 PMQs added in 1961, a mobile home park, accommodating 30-50 trailers. For unmarried servicemen and women, there were the standard two-storey Combined Barracks, and a Combined Officers and Senior NCO’S Mess. There were separate buildings for two primary schools: (Hillside Schools - Innobis Confidimus: In Us Trust), a recreation centre with a bowling alley, theatre, gymnasium and swimming pool (No.8), a ‘twinned two denomination’ chapel (No.17), the sports fields, an outdoor skating rink, a 25-yard shooting range and a single line ski tow.[14]

Supporting the ‘Main Building’ operations 'up' on Mont Ste Marguerite, was the Station Headquarters’ Administration Building (No.16), and its parade square, a one-bay fire hall (No.60), the station medical/dental hospital, a water treatment, the reservoir and distribution facility, a central heating plant, construction engineering, supply and mobile equipment shops (No.18), and the guard house. Commercial power for the Station was supplied by Shawinigan Water & Power Company, augmented by a power plant located, in the main operations building, on Mont Ste-Marguerite.[15][16]

Coming to St Sylvestre, in the early days of its operations, were a select group of ‘RCAF Auxiliary’ radar and fighter control operators from No.2450 AC&W Squadron (Auxiliary) in Sherbrooke Quebec. Assisting with staffing shortfalls, in maintaining 24/7 operations, on Mont Ste Marguerite, these volunteers were notably active at RCAF Station St. Sylvestre, from 1955 to 1957. The conversion to the ‘automated’ SAGE system made the use of these ‘auxiliary volunteers’ unavailable as they were trained exclusively for manual detection and intercept operations.[17]

The Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) Annex

In 1958, the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) System came to the PINETREE system, with ‘computers’ able to take on the routine/mundane functions in target locating. St. Sylvestre SAGE modifications began in September 1961, large enough to require a separate building, the SAGE Annex, it brought another target – a reduction of 120-200 personnel, depending on the station task. The SAGE System ‘automated’ the determination of height, speed and direction of enemy targets, and ‘directly’ relayed the target ‘data’ to the designated Sector Control Headquarters.[18]

In May 1962, the SAGE Annex and two Ground Air Transmit Receive (GATR) Towers: ‘TX’ to the south, and ‘RX’ to the southeast, for vectoring manned interceptors, were completed. In September 1962, with reorganization, No.13 AC&W Radar Squadron began transmitting its radar coverage data to the (new) Northern NORAD Region / Bangor Air Defense Sector - Direction Center (DC-05). On 1 October 1963, it shifted its SAGE operations reporting to the Northern NORAD Region / Ottawa NORAD Sector Direction Center (an AN/FSQ-7 Direction Center at North Bay).[19][20]

The Station Closure Announced: 16 March 1964

Continued upgrades in technology, leading to increased range and elevation coverage, at designated PINETREE stations; it’s neighbouring Stations, Lac St. Denis and Mont Apica, able to cover its ‘sector’, St. Sylvestre was deemed unnecessary. From 1963, the station counting 185 military personnel and 89 civilians, No.13 AC&W Radar Squadron was disbanded on 1 April 1964, with a downsizing of RCAF Air Defence Command AC&W Radar Squadrons, with another re-alignment of the NORAD system.[21][22]

Throughout its short ten-year life, St.-Sylvestre had four Commanding Officers: 1953-1954 W/C JD Mitchner DFC Bar of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, 1954-1957 W/C LPJ Dupuis DFC of Ottawa, Ontario, 1957-1961 W/C JHL Lecomte DFC of St. Theodore d’Acton, Quebec and 1961-1964 W/C EW Smith DSO of Metis Beach, Quebec. On 22 Jun 1964, W/C E.W. Smith DSO relinquished command of RCAF Station St. Sylvestre, and on 20 July 1964, the last RCAF personnel departed the Station.[23]

References

  1. ↑ RCAF Station St. Sylvestre, QC, Development Program (1961), National Archives of Canada. See: http://67.69.104.76:84/Pinetreeline/other/other40/other40q.html Accessed 17.04.2016
  2. ↑ National Archives of Canada, Historical Summary: RCAF Station St. Sylvestre, 30 September 1953 to 31 March 1956. See: http://67.69.104.76:84/Pinetreeline/other/other40/other40h.html Accessed 20.04.2016
  3. ↑ Marie-France St-Laurent, En passant par le rang Beaurivage: Saint-Sylvestre. See: http://www.sphslotbiniere.org/Municipalites/Documents/Article-Rassembleur-Saint-Sylvestre.pdf Accessed 21.04.2016
  4. ↑ Michael T. Fawcett, The Politics of Sovereignty: Continental Defence and the Creation of NORAD, Canadian Military Journal, Volume 10, Issue No.2, Summer 2009, National Defence, Canada. See: http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vol10/no2/07-fawcett-eng.asp Accessed 17.04.2016
  5. ↑ About Pinetree Line: Canadian Civil Defence Museum Association. Sourced from: Lloyd H. Cornett and Mildred W. Johnson, Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization 1946 – 1980, Office of History, Aerospace Defense Center, Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado. See: http://civildefencemuseum.ca/about-pinetree-line Accessed 17.04.2016
  6. ↑ Roy J. Fletcher, Military Radar Defence Lines of Northern North America: An Historical Geography, Department of Geography, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, T1K 3M4, October 1989. See: http://67.69.104.76:84/Pinetreeline/articles/resartg.html Accessed 13.04.2016
  7. ↑ Commission de toponymie of Québec, Mont Sainte-Marguerite, September 2015. See: http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/fiche.aspx?no_seq=56276 Accessed 13.04.2016
  8. ↑ Pinetree Line Miscellaneous: CONAC and RCAF Negotiations (1954), National Archives of Canada, Canadian Civil Defence Museum Association (2012). See: http://civildefencemuseum.ca/1954-conac-and-rcaf-negotiations-national-archives-of-canada Accessed 19.04.2016
  9. ↑ Jerry Proc (VE3FAB), Shore and SUPRAD Stations - Past and Present: Whitehorse 1948 -1968 (1998). See: http://www.jproc.ca/rrp/whitehorse.html Accessed 19.04.2016
  10. ↑ Don Nicks et al, The NBC Group, Air Defense Radar Stations: Information for St Sylvestre AS, QC, CN, Air Defence Radar Museum, The Air Force Radar Museum Association, Inc. See: http://www.radomes.org/museum/showsite.php?site=St+Sylvestre+AS,+QC,+CN Accessed 19.04.2016
  11. ↑ Pinetree Line Miscellaneous: CONAC and RCAF Negotiations (1954), National Archives of Canada, Canadian Civil Defence Museum Association (2012). See: http://civildefencemuseum.ca/1954-conac-and-rcaf-negotiations-national-archives-of-canada Accessed 19.04.2016
  12. ↑ RCAF Station St. Sylvestre, QC, Development Program (1961), National Archives of Canada. See: http://67.69.104.76:84/Pinetreeline/other/other40/other40q.html Accessed 17.04.2016
  13. ↑ Bruce Forsyth, Canadian Military History, The Pinetree Line: Royal Canadian Air Force Station St Sylvester. See: http://militarybruce.com/abandoned-canadian-military-bases/pinetree-line/quebec/ Accessed 19.04.2016
  14. ↑ Kathleen Moors, The Stuff of My Life: Ste. Sylvestre, The Pinetree Line: My Rhyolite, Nevada (Ghost Town of the Mojave Desert), December 2011. See: http://shepaintsred.com/tag/ste-sylvestre/ Accessed 19.04.2016
  15. ↑ Paul Ozorak, St. Sylvestre, QC, General History (May 1988). See: http://67.69.104.76:84/Pinetreeline/other/other40/other40c.html Accessed 15.04.2016
  16. ↑ Military Radar Defence Lines of Northern North America: An Historical Geography, Roy J Fletcher, Department of Geography, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, T1K 3M4, October 1989. See: http://67.69.104.76:84/Pinetreeline/articles/resartg.html Accessed 15.04.2016
  17. ↑ The Pinetree Line: Reserve Aircraft and Warning Units, 2450 Aircraft Control and Warning Unit, Sherbrooke, Quebec. See: http://67.69.104.76:84/Pinetreeline/misc/ac&w/ac&w10.html Accessed 17.04.2016
  18. ↑ Federation of American Scientists, Strategic Air Defense Systems, Post World War II Radar: Annex F The History of The C&E Branch (October 1997). See: http://fas.org/nuke/guide/usa/airdef/annexf.htm Accessed 19.04.2016
  19. ↑ Don Nicks et al, The NBC Group, Air Defense Radar Stations: Information for St Sylvestre AS, QC, CN, Air Defence Radar Museum, The Air Force Radar Museum Association, Inc. See: http://www.radomes.org/museum/showsite.php?site=St+Sylvestre+AS,+QC,+CN Accessed 19.04.2016
  20. ↑ North American Aerospace Defense Command, NORAD History, NORAD Historical Documents: CONAD-ADC. See: http://www.norad.mil/AboutNORAD/NORADHistory.aspx Accessed 19.04.2016
  21. ↑ RCAF Station St. Sylvestre, QC, Development Program (1961), National Archives of Canada. See: http://67.69.104.76:84/Pinetreeline/other/other40/other40q.html Accessed 17.04.2016
  22. ↑ Bruce Forsyth, Canadian Military History, The Pinetree Line: Royal Canadian Air Force Station St Sylvester. See: http://militarybruce.com/abandoned-canadian-military-bases/pinetree-line/quebec/ Accessed 19.04.2016
  23. ↑ RCAF Station St. Sylvestre, QC, Historical Summary (1964), National Archives of Canada. See: http://67.69.104.76:84/Pinetreeline/other/other40/other40i.html Accessed 15.04.2016
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