Ravine salamander
| Ravine salamander | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Plethodon richmondi | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Subphylum: | Vertebrata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Caudata |
| Family: | Plethodontidae |
| Genus: | Plethodon |
| Species: | P. richmondi |
| Binomial name | |
| Plethodon richmondi Netting & Mittleman, 1938 | |
The ravine salamander (Plethodon richmondi) is a species of salamander in the family Plethodontidae, which is endemic to the United States. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Etymology
The epithet, richmondi, is in honor of its discoverer, Neil D. Richmond, who later succeeded M. Graham Netting as Curator of the Section of Amphibians and Reptiles at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[2]
Geographic range
The ravine salamander is found in eastern Kentucky, Ohio, southern West Virginia, western Virginia, northwestern North Carolina, and northeastern Tennessee.[1]
Description
Adult ravine salamanders are 7.5–11.5 cm (3–4½ inches) in total length. They have short limbs and are somewhat worm-like in appearance and movement. Dorsally and laterally they are dark brown or black, with silvery or brassy flecks. Ventrally, unlike other small plethodontids, they are dark brown or black.[3]
Habitat
Its natural habitat is temperate forests, in which it prefers the slopes of valleys and ravines.[4] It is a terrestrial species and is found among the leaf litter, hiding under logs, stones or stumps. It hibernates underground in winter and aestivates at the height of summer. Eggs are laid in cracks and crevices and develop directly into juvenile salamanders without an intervening larval stage.[1]
Conservation status
The main threats facing the ravine salamander are degradation of its habitat and some sub-populations have been destroyed by this. However it is a common species in its wide range and occurs in several protected areas, and overall the population seems steady. For these reasons, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed it as being of "least concern".[1]
References
- 1 2 3 4 Geoffrey Hammerson (2004) Plethodon richmondi. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2.
- ↑ Beltz, Ellin. 2006. Scientific and Common Names of the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America – Explained. ebeltz.net/herps/biogappx/html.
- ↑ Atlas of Amphibians. Austin Peay State University website. http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/amatlas/title.htm.
- ↑ Conant, Roger. 1975. A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. Houghton Mifflin. Boston. xviii + 429 pp. + 48 plates. ISBN 0-395-19979-4 (hardcover), ISBN 0-395-19977-8 (paperback). (Plethodon richmondi, pp. 274-275, Figure 86 + Plate 41 + Map 231.)
Further reading
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Plethodon richmondi. |
- Behler, John L., and F. Wayne King. 1979. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. Knopf. New York. 743 pp. ISBN 0-394-50824-6. (Plethodon richmondi, pp. 346–347 + Plate 72.)
- Netting, M. Graham, and M.B. Mittleman. 1938. Description of Plethodon richmondi, a new salamander from West Virginia and Ohio. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 27: 287–293.