Eletriptan

Eletriptan
Clinical data
Trade names Relpax
AHFS/Drugs.com Monograph
MedlinePlus a603029
Pregnancy
category
  • US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Routes of
administration		 oral
ATC code N02CC06 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status
  • ℞ (Prescription only)
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability 50%
Metabolism CYP3A4
Biological half-life 4 hours
Identifiers
CAS Number 143322-58-1 YesY
PubChem (CID) 77993
IUPHAR/BPS 40
DrugBank DB00216 YesY
ChemSpider 70379 YesY
UNII 22QOO9B8KI YesY
KEGG D01973 N
ChEBI CHEBI:50922 YesY
ChEMBL CHEMBL1510 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.167.337
Chemical and physical data
Formula C22H26N2O2S
Molar mass 382.52 g/mol
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
 NYesY (what is this?)  (verify)

Eletriptan (trade name Relpax, used in the form of eletriptan hydrobromide) is a second generation triptan drug intended for treatment of migraine headaches. It is used as an abortive medication, blocking a migraine attack which is already in progress. Eletriptan is marketed and manufactured by Pfizer Inc. It is sold in the US and Canada under the brand name Relpax, and in several other countries under the brand name Relert.

Approval and availability

Eletriptan was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on December 26, 2002, for the acute treatment of migraine with or without aura in adults.[1] It is available only by prescription in the United States and Canada. It is not intended for the prophylactic therapy of migraine or for use in the management of hemiplegic or basilar migraine. It is available in 20 mg, 40 mg and 80 mg strengths.

Eletriptan is covered by U.S. Patent no. 5545644[1][2] and U.S. Patent no. 6110940;[1][3] the FDA lists the patents as scheduled for expiration on December 26, 2016, and August 29, 2017, respectively.[1]

Mechanism of action

Eletriptan is believed to reduce swelling of the blood vessels surrounding the brain. This swelling is associated with the head pain of a migraine attack. Eletriptan blocks the release of substances from nerve endings that cause more pain and other symptoms like nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. It is thought that these actions contribute to relief of symptoms by eletriptan.

Eletriptan is a serotonin receptor agonist, specifically an agonist of certain 5-HT1 family receptors. Eletriptan binds with high affinity to the 5-HT[1B, 1D, 1F] receptors. It has a modest affinity to the 5-HT[1A, 1E, 2B, 7] receptors, and little to no affinity at the 5-HT[2A, 2C, 3, 4, 5A, 6] receptors.

Eletriptan has no significant affinity or pharmacological activity at adrenergic α1, α2, or β; dopaminergic D1 or D2; muscarinic; or opioid receptors. Eletriptan could be efficiently co-administrated with nitric oxide synthase (NOS's) inhibitors for the treatment of NOS-dependent diseases (US patent US 2007/0254940).

Two theories have been proposed to explain the efficacy of 5-HT1 receptor agonists in migraine. One theory suggests that activation of 5-HT1 receptors located on intracranial blood vessels, including those on the arteriovenous anastomoses, leads to vasoconstriction, which is correlated with the relief of migraine headache. The other hypothesis suggests that activation of 5-HT1 receptors on sensory nerve endings in the trigeminal system results in the inhibition of pro-inflammatory neuropeptide release.

Side effects

Common side effects include hypertension, tachycardia, headache, dizzyness, and symptoms similar to angina pectoris. Severe allergic reactions are rare.[4]

Contraindications

Eletriptan is contraindicated in patients with various diseases of the heart and circulatory system, such as angina pectoris, severe hypertension, and heart failure, as well as in patients that have had a stroke or heart attack. It is also contraindicated in severe renal or hepatic impairment.[4]

Interactions

The drug has a relatively low potential for interactions. Notably, it is unlikely to interact to a relevant extent with beta blockers, tricyclic antidepressants and SSRI type antidepressants. Strong inhibitors of the liver enzyme CYP3A4, such as erythromycin and ketoconazole, significantly increase blood plasma concentrations and half life of eletriptan. Ergot alkaloids add to the drug's hypertensive effect.[4]

Additional chemical names

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 FDA AccessData entry for Eletriptan Hydrobromide, accessed March 10, 2010.
  2. ↑ U.S. Patent no. 5545644, John E. Macor & Martin J. Wythes, Indole Derivatives, August 13, 1996.
  3. ↑ U.S. Patent no. 6110940, Valerie Denise Harding, et al., Salts of an anti-migraine indole derivative, August 29, 2000.
  4. 1 2 3 Jasek, W, ed. (2007). Austria-Codex (in German) (62nd ed.). Vienna: Österreichischer Apothekerverlag. pp. 6984–8. ISBN 978-3-85200-181-4.
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