Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale

Rice root aphid
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Family: Aphididae
Genus: Rhopalosiphum
Species: R. rufiabdominale
Binomial name
Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale
(Sasaki 1899)[1]
Synonyms[2]
  • R. rufiabdominalis
  • R. californica (Essig, 1944)
  • R. fucanoi
  • R. gnaphalii Tissot, 1933
  • R. mume (Hori, 1927)
  • R. oryzae (Matsumura, 1917)
  • R. papaveri (Takahashi, 1921)
  • R. pruni
  • R. setigera (Blanchard, 1939)
  • R. shelkovnikovi (Mordvilko, 1921)
  • R. splendens (Theobald, 1915)
  • R. subterraneum Mason, 1937
  • Toxoptera rufiabdominalis Sasaki, 1899[3]

The rice root aphid or red rice root aphid (Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale) is an aphid in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the order Hemiptera. It is found in rice and many other plants.

Hosts

The rice root aphid has a broad host range, having been found on many species of plant distributed across 22 plant families.[3][4] It is a palearctic species which has probably originated in eastern Asia.[5] It is principally a pest of upland rice but not of lowland, irrigated rice. Other crops affected include oats, barley, millet and wheat, eggplant, marrow, cotton, tobacco, potato, tomato and sugarcane. Its incidence in cereal crops may be under-reported because it may pass unnoticed because of its underground habits. It has been recorded as undergoing its complete life cycle on plum (Prunus domestica) and apricot (Prunus armeniaca) in Italy and has become a pest of hydroponic systems in greenhouse cultivation in various parts of the world.[6] The plum (Prunus) is probably its primary host.[5]

Damage

The species feeds on the roots and stems of rice plants. In severe infestations of the roots, the plants die, while in lesser ones, the plants wilt, and become discoloured and distorted, with the formation of rosettes.[6]

This aphid is a vector of cereal yellow dwarf virus and barley yellow dwarf virus, and this makes it a pest of economic importance in barley cropping in North America and Turkey. In India it is thought to transmit maize mosaic virus and sugarcane mosaic virus.[6]

Prevention and control

Systemic insecticides are used against this pest, but are largely ineffective in rice crops. Soil treatment can also be used, but this has the disadvantage of killing ants. In greenhouse crops of squash in Florida, the entomopathogenic fungus Lecanicillium lecanii has controlled this aphid. Parasitic wasps in the genus Aphelinus are believed to be parasitoids of this aphid in upland rice in China, but little is otherwise known of the natural enemies of this species. In India, seed potato crops grown at altitudes above about 2,000 m (6,600 ft) are largely uncolonised by this aphid.[6]

References

  1. ↑ "Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale (Sasaki 1899)". Fauna Eoropaea. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
  2. ↑ "species Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale". Aphid species file. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
  3. 1 2 "Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale (Sasaki, 1899): Rice root aphid". Discover Life. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
  4. ↑ "Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominale". AphiD. USDA. 31 March 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
  5. 1 2 van Emden, Helmut Fritz; Harrington, Richard (2007). Aphids as Crop Pests. CABI. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-84593-202-2.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Rice root aphid (Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis)". Plantwise Knowledge Bank. Retrieved 29 September 2016.
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