Rudolf Maister
| Rudolf Maister | |
|---|---|
 Rudolf Maister in 1919 | |
| Nickname(s) | Vojanov |
| Born |
March 29, 1874 Kamnik, Duchy of Carniola, Austria-Hungary (now in Slovenia) |
| Died |
July 26, 1934 (aged 60) Rakek, Kingdom of Yugoslavia (now in Slovenia) |
| Allegiance |
Austria-Hungary State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes |
| Years of service | 1890–1923 |
| Rank | Divisional General |
| Commands held |
Slovenian army Commander of Maribor |
| Awards |
Signum laudis Order of White Eagle Order of Star of Karađorđe Order of Saint Sava |
| Other work | Poet and self-taught painter |
Rudolf Maister (Vojanov) (29 March 1874 – 26 July 1934) was a Slovene military officer, poet and political activist. The soldiers who fought under Maister's command in northern Slovenia became known as "Maister's fighters" (Slovene: Maistrovi borci). Maister was also an accomplished poet and self-taught painter.
Life
Early career and fight for Styria
Maister was born in the Upper Carniolan commercial town of Kamnik, then part of Austria-Hungary. A career soldier, during World War I, he served in the Austro-Hungarian Army. In 1917, he was sent to Graz promoted to the rank of a major. In 1918, near the end of the war when it was obvious that Austria-Hungary was losing, the city council of Maribor proclaimed the annexation of Maribor to Austria. Maister organized Slovene volunteer forces of 4000 soldiers and 200 officers and in the night of 23 November 1918 seized control of the city of Maribor and the surrounding region of Lower Styria. This date has been recognized as a state holiday in Slovenia since 2005. The Slovene National Council for Lower Styria awarded him the rank of general on November 1. The German-speaking city was thus secured for the newly formed State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs, which united with the Kingdom of Serbia into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes on December 1. Maister's rank as a general was confirmed by the National Government of the Slovene part of the Kingdom as a "lieutenant with the title and character of a general" on 11 December 1918, which was later also confirmed by the Belgrade Government.[1]
Marburg's Bloody Sunday
On 27 January 1919, Austrian majority awaiting the American peace delegation at the city's marketplace were fired on by Slovenian troops under the command of Maister. Nine Austrians were killed and more than eighteen were seriously wounded. The responsibility for the shooting has not been conclusively established. Austrian sources accused Maister's troops of shooting without cause, while Slovenian witnesses, such as Maks Pohar, testified that the Austrians (some still in the uniforms of the pro-Austrian paramilitary organization called the Green Guard) attacked the Slovene soldiers guarding the city hall. The Austrian Germans allegedly attacked the police inspector, Ivan Senekovič, and then pressed towards the Slovenian soldiers in front of the city hall. A Slovenian version of this event involves an Austrian firing a revolver in the direction of the Slovenian soldiers, who responded spontaneously by firing into the civilian crowd. The event became known as Marburg's Bloody Sunday (German: Marburger Blutsonntag).
Fight for Carinthia
In November 1919, Maister's forces joined the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Army's offensive in Carinthia. Maister joined them later and took part of the capture of Klagenfurt. After the Carinthian Plebiscite, in which majority of the local Slovenian population decided to remain part of Austria, Maister withdrew to private life. He spent most of his later life in an estate near Planina in Inner Carniola.
Poetry
Maister also wrote poetry, which he published in two collected volumes, in 1904 and in 1929. Most of his poetry follows the Post-Romantic aesthetics, and is influenced by 19th century Slovene lyrical and patriotic poetry of Simon Jenko, Simon Gregorčič and Anton Aškerc.
References
- ↑ Ude, Lojze (1977). Boj za severno slovensko mejo 1918/1919 [The Fight for the Northern Slovene Border 1918/1919] (in Slovenian). Maribor: Založba Obzorja. p. 42.
Further reading
- Bruno Hartman, Rudolf Maister: general in pesnik (Ljubljana: Državna založba Slovenije, 2006)
External links
Media related to Rudolf Maister at Wikimedia Commons