São Roque do Pico

São Roque do Pico
Municipality (Concelho)
São Roque do Pico includes most of the northern coast of the island, and extends to the summit of the stratovolcano
Official name: Concelho de São Roque do Pico
Named for: Saint Roch
Country  Portugal
Autonomous Region  Azores
Group Central
Island Pico
Civil Parishes Prainha, Santa Luzia, Santo Amaro, Santo António, São Roque
Landmark Mount Pico
Center São Roque
 - elevation 5 m (16 ft)
 - coordinates 38°31′46″N 28°19′19″W / 38.52944°N 28.32194°W / 38.52944; -28.32194Coordinates: 38°31′46″N 28°19′19″W / 38.52944°N 28.32194°W / 38.52944; -28.32194
Highest point Mount Pico
 - elevation 2,351 m (7,713 ft)
 - coordinates 38°28′6″N 28°23′56″W / 38.46833°N 28.39889°W / 38.46833; -28.39889
Lowest point Sea level
 - location Atlantic Ocean
 - elevation 0 m (0 ft)
Area 142.36 km2 (55 sq mi)
 - water .04 km2 (0 sq mi)
 - urban 6.05 km2 (2 sq mi)
Population 3,388 (2011)
Density 24/km2 (62/sq mi)
Settlement fl. 1500
 - Municipality c. 1542
LAU Câmara Municipal
 - location Alameda 10 de Novembro de 1542
 - elevation 18 m (59 ft)
 - coordinates 38°31′32″N 28°19′9″W / 38.52556°N 28.31917°W / 38.52556; -28.31917
President Manuel Costa (PPD/PSD)
Timezone Azores (UTC-1)
 - summer (DST) Azores (UTC0)
Postal Zone 9940-353
Area Code & Prefix (+351) 292 XX XX XX
Demonym Sãoroquense
Patron Saint São Roque
Municipal Holidays 16 August
Location of the municipality of São Roque do Pico in the archipelago of the Azores
Wikimedia Commons: São Roque do Pico
Website: http://www.municipiosrp.pt/
Geographic detail from CAOP (2010)[1] produced by Instituto Geográfico Português (IGP)

São Roque do Pico (Portuguese pronunciation: [sɐ̃w ˈʁɔk(ɨ) ðu ˈpiku]) is a municipality in the northern part of the island of Pico, in the Portuguese archipelago of the Azores. The population in 2011 was 3,388,[2] in an area of 142.36 km².[3]

History

A copy of the royal proclamation elevating the village of São Roque do Pico

While the first incursions into the island occurred in the 15th century, the region that would become known as São Roque occurred later.[4] The first colonizers of Pico came to occupy the area of Lajes, coming from the lands of the north of Portugal, because there were few anchorages in other parts of the island.[4] What occurred in the north was starkly different: these colonizers were families from Graciosa, who would much later be supplemented by Flems from Faial, under the orders of Josse van Huerter.[4] At this time São Roque was a peripheral jurisdiction of Lajes do Pico, and many of its religious and cultural ceremonies were centred in this municipal centre from the Convent of São Francisco.[5]

This influence of Faial would continue for much of the island's history, becoming integrated into the Captaincy (colonial administration) of its neighbour.[4]

The municipality was created in 1542, when its citizenry petitioned King John of Portugal to provide them administrative autonomy from Lajes.[5] King John, therefore, carved from Lajes do Pico the territory of São Roque do Pico, while at the same time instituting the civil parishes of São Roque and Nossa Senhora da Ajuda.[5] By granting this concession, the Álvares family promised to celebrate a mass once per week "...until the World lasted", which has been transmitted across their descendents.[5]

The little hermitage of São Roque, and chapel of Bom Jesus, was insufficient to handle its growing populous, and it was decided in 1714 to construct the Church of São Roque, which was completed twelve years.[5]

At the time the population was dedicated primarily to a subsistence lifestyle, with some small cultivation of grapes for the production of wine, and an active fishery. The volcanic eruptions that occurred during the 18th century turned much of the soil fertile, that resulted in the mass production of Verdelho wine, which was a popular export to America and Europe.[4]

By the 19th century, disease infected the vineyards of the north, devastating the wine-making culture, which slowly progressed throughout the island, until the introduction of new castes. But, meanwhile, the Sãoroquenses turned to other economic sources of growth, but specifically, concentrating on the whaling in order to supplement the fishery. This culture was an important part of the municipality, resulting in the establishment of five separate factories along the coast in order support the transformation of whales into oils, perfumes and fertilizers. Even by the 20th century, the municipal seat became the home for the Fabrica das Armações Baleeiras Reunidas create in 1942, which was a union between the older companies Companhia Velha Baleeira, Lda., Armação Baleeira do Livramento, Lda. and the Armação Baleeira Atlântica, Lda. and continued to function until the 1980s. After this, the building was transformed in the post-whaling period into a museum to exhibit the artifacts for this era, including machines, implements and maquetes demonstrating the whale hunt, the peoples involved in the activity and the hardships of the local economy associated with whaling.[6]

Geography

The port and historic centre of the civil parish of São Roque, showing the whaling museum, and former rendering factory along the coast

The climate of the municipality is mild and humid, with median temperatures oscillating between 14 °C (57 °F) and 22 °C (72 °F), with a regular level of precipitation throughout the year. The municipal seat of São Roque is the primary urban agglomeration along the northern coast, organized around two principal poles: in the west, the historic village of São Roque and Cais do Pico in the east, which grew from the activities associated with the sea, whaling and fishing after the middle of the 19th century. These two areas form the nucleus of the civil parish of São Roque, but the municipality of São Roque do Pico extends over one third of the island of Pico, along the northern coast, encompassing five civil parishes, that consist of:

Architecture

Civic

Religious

The front facade of the Convent and Church of São Pedro de Alcântara, overlooking the central part of the parish of São Roque

References

Notes
  1. ↑ IGP, ed. (2010), Carta Administrativa Oficial de Portugal (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: Instituto Geográfico Português, retrieved 1 January 2012
  2. ↑ Instituto Nacional de Estatística
  3. ↑ Eurostat
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Sandra Cristina Sousa (14 May 2003), p.18
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Sandra Carvalho (14 May 2003), p.18
  6. ↑ Adeliaçor (2009), p.21
  7. 1 2 "63.201.50 Convento de São Pedro de Alcântara", Inventório do Património Imóvel dos Açores (in Portuguese), Angra do Heroísmo (Azores), Portugal: Instituto Açoriano de Cultura/Direcção Regional de Cultura, 8 March 2006, retrieved 19 April 2012
Sources
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