SQLJ

SQLJ is a deprecated working title for efforts to combine Java and SQL. It was a common effort started around 1997 by engineers from IBM, Oracle, Compaq, Informix, Sybase, Cloudscape and Sun Microsystems.

It consists of the three parts: 0, 1 and 2. Part 0 describes the embedding of SQL statements into Java programs. SQLJ part 0 is the basis for part 10 of the SQL:1999 standard, aka SQL Object Language Bindings (SQL/OLB).[1] SQLJ parts 1 and 2 describes the converse possibility to use Java classes (routines and types) from SQL statements. Parts 1 and 2 are the basis for part 13 of the SQL standard, SQL Routines and Types Using the Java Programming Language (SQL/JRT).

"SQLJ" is commonly used to refer to just SQLJ part 0, usually when it is contrasted with other means of embedding SQL in Java, like JDBC.

ANSI and ISO standards

Part 0 was updated for JDBC 2.0 compatibility and ratified by ISO in 2000. The last two parts were combined when submitted to ISO. Part 2 was substantially rewritten for the ISO submission because the ANSI version was not formal enough for a specification, being closer to the style of a user manual. The combined version was ratified in 2002.[1]

SQLJ part 0

The SQLJ part 0 specification largely originated from Oracle, who also provided the first reference implementation.[1]

In the following SQLJ is a synonym for SQLJ part 0.

Whereas JDBC provides an API, SQLJ consists of a language extension. Thus programs containing SQLJ must be run through a preprocessor (the SQLJ translator) before they can be compiled.

Advantages and disadvantages

Some advantages of SQLJ over JDBC include:

Disadvantages include:

Examples

The following examples compare SQLJ syntax with JDBC usage.

Multi-row query
JDBC SQLJ
PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(
   "SELECT LASTNAME"
 + " , FIRSTNME"
 + " , SALARY"
 + " FROM DSN8710.EMP"
 + " WHERE SALARY BETWEEN ? AND ?");
stmt.setBigDecimal(1, min);
stmt.setBigDecimal(2, max);
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery();
while (rs.next()) {
  lastname = rs.getString(1);
  firstname = rs.getString(2);
  salary = rs.getBigDecimal(3);
  // Print row...
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();

#sql private static iterator EmployeeIterator(String, String, BigDecimal);
...
EmployeeIterator iter;
#sql [ctx] iter = {
  SELECT LASTNAME
       , FIRSTNME
       , SALARY
    FROM DSN8710.EMP
   WHERE SALARY BETWEEN :min AND :max
};
do {
  #sql {
    FETCH :iter
     INTO :lastname, :firstname, :salary
  };
  // Print row...
} while (!iter.endFetch());
iter.close();
Single-row query
JDBC SQLJ
PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(
    "SELECT MAX(SALARY), AVG(SALARY)"
  + " FROM DSN8710.EMP");
rs = stmt.executeQuery();
if (!rs.next()) {
  // Error—no rows found
}
maxSalary = rs.getBigDecimal(1);
avgSalary = rs.getBigDecimal(2);
if (rs.next()) {
  // Error—more than one row found
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();

#sql [ctx] {
  SELECT MAX(SALARY), AVG(SALARY)
    INTO :maxSalary, :avgSalary
    FROM DSN8710.EMP
};
INSERT
JDBC SQLJ
stmt = conn.prepareStatement(
   "INSERT INTO DSN8710.EMP " +
   "(EMPNO, FIRSTNME, MIDINIT, LASTNAME, HIREDATE, SALARY) "
 + "VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, CURRENT DATE, ?)");
stmt.setString(1, empno);
stmt.setString(2, firstname);
stmt.setString(3, midinit);
stmt.setString(4, lastname);
stmt.setBigDecimal(5, salary);
stmt.executeUpdate();
stmt.close();

#sql [ctx] {
  INSERT INTO DSN8710.EMP
    (EMPNO,  FIRSTNME,   MIDINIT,  LASTNAME,  HIREDATE,     SALARY)
  VALUES
    (:empno, :firstname, :midinit, :lastname, CURRENT DATE, :salary)
};

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 Jim Melton (2003). Advanced SQL: 1999. Morgan Kaufmann. pp. 352–364. ISBN 978-1-55860-677-7.

Further reading

External links

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