USS Perch (SS-176)
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| History | |
|---|---|
 United States | |
| Builder: | General Dynamics Electric Boat, Groton, Connecticut[1] |
| Laid down: | 25 February 1935[1] |
| Launched: | 9 May 1936[1] |
| Sponsored by: | Mrs. Thomas Withers |
| Commissioned: | 19 November 1936[1] |
| Struck: | 24 June 1942 |
| Fate: | Scuttled in the Java Sea on 3 March 1942 after being damaged by Japanese destroyers[2] |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type: | Porpoise-class diesel-electric submarine[2] |
| Displacement: | 1,350 long tons (1,370 t) standard, surfaced,[3] 1,997 long tons (2,029 t) submerged[3] |
| Length: | 298 ft (91 m) (waterline),[4] 300 ft 6 in (91.59 m) (overall)[5] |
| Beam: | 26 ft (7.9 m)[3] |
| Draft: | 15 ft (4.6 m)[3] |
| Propulsion: | 4 × Winton Model 16-201A 16-cylinder two-cycle[6] diesel engines, 1,300 hp (0.97 MW) each,[7] driving electrical generators through reduction gears,[2][8] 2 × 120-cell Gould AMTX33HB batteries,[9] 8 × General Electric electric motors, 538 hp (401 kW) each,[9] 2 × General Motors six-cylinder four-cycle 6-241 auxiliary diesels[7] |
| Speed: | 19.25 kn (35.65 km/h) surfaced,[3] 8.75 kn (16.21 km/h) submerged[3] |
| Range: | 11,000 nmi (20,000 km) @ 10 kn (19 km/h),[3] (bunkerage 92,801 US gal (351,290 l))[10] |
| Endurance: | 10 hours @ 5 kn (9.3 km/h), 36 hours @ minimum speed submerged[3] |
| Test depth: | 250 ft (76 m)[3] |
| Complement: | |
| Armament: | 6 × 21 in (533 mm) torpedo tubes (four forward, two aft; 16 torpedoes),[3] 1 × 4 in (102 mm)/50 caliber deck gun,[5] 4 × 0.3 cal (7.62 mm) machineguns (2x2)[5] |
USS Perch (SS-176) - the lead ship of Perch-class submarines of the United States Navy, is the first Navy ship to be named for the perch.
Her keel was laid down on 25 February 1935 by the Electric Boat Company, in Groton, Connecticut. She was launched on 9 May 1936 (sponsored by Mrs. Thomas Withers), and commissioned on 19 November 1936, Lieutenant Commander George C. Crawford in command.
Service history
Inter-War Period
After shakedown in the North Atlantic, Perch became a member of the Pacific Fleet when she joined Submarine Squadron 6 (SubRon 6) in November 1937. The following spring she was engaged in the annual fleet problem and did some work on a survey of the Aleutian Islands, entering the Bering Sea on 28 February. In the spring of 1939, Perch operated with the fleet on its cruise to the East Coast.
In October 1939, Perch departed San Diego, California, for Manila where she became a division flagship and made a summer cruise in 1940 to Tsingtao and Shanghai. She spent the year preceding the war in operations around the Philippines. A week before Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor, Perch rendezvoused with two transports off Shanghai and escorted the Fourth Marines from China to the Philippines.
World War II
At the outbreak of hostilities, Perch - commanded by David A. Hurt - was in Cavite Navy Yard. She took part in the rush to clear the Navy Yard on 10 December and watched, at close range, the destruction of Cavite by bombers. That night, Perch slipped through the Corregidor minefields and scouted between Luzon and Formosa (Taiwan) in search of targets. Failing to detect any, she shifted to an area off Hong Kong, and on Christmas night, launched four torpedoes at a large merchantman, all missing. A few days later, she torpedoed a merchantman, probably the Nojima Maru. Japanese escorts prevented Perch from observing the kill.
Perch sailed south to Darwin, Australia, to repair damage, making several unsuccessful attacks en route. She next made a patrol to Kendari, Celebes (Sulawesi), where she scouted the harbor and made several attempts to get through the narrow entrance to an attack position.
After a week of close contact with the Japanese, obtaining information, Perch headed south searching for targets. In a night attack on a large merchantman off the eastern coast of Celebes, Perch was hit in the superstructure, forward of the pressure hull of the conning tower, by a high explosive round which blew away the bridge deck, punctured the antenna trunk and temporarily put her radio out of commission. Her crew, by very courageous effort, made repairs on deck at night in waters heavily patrolled by the Japanese, and Perch headed for the Java Sea.
On the evening of 1 March 1942, Perch surfaced 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Surabaya, Java, and started in for an attack on a Japanese convoy landing troops to the west of Surabaya. Two Japanese destroyers (Amatsukaze and Hatsukaze) attacked and drove her down with a string of depth charges which caused her to bottom at 135 feet (41 m). Several more depth charge attacks caused extensive damage, putting the starboard motors out of commission and causing extensive flooding throughout the boat. After repairs, Perch surfaced at two o'clock in the morning, only to be again driven down by destroyers. The loss of oil, and air from damaged ballast tanks, convinced the Japanese that Perch was breaking up and they went on to look for other kills, allowing her to escape.
With decks awash and only one engine in commission, the crew made all possible repairs. During the early morning of 3 March, a test dive was made with almost fatal results. Expert handling and good luck enabled her to surface, and she began making repairs. Then, as if this was not enough, two Japanese cruisers and three destroyers hove into view and began firing.[11] As shells straddled the boat, her skipper ordered, "Abandon ship, scuttle the boat." With all hull openings open, Perch made her last dive. She was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register 24 June 1942.
The entire crew was captured by the Japanese destroyer Ushio. Of the fifty-four men and five officers, all but five — who died of malnutrition in Japanese prisoner-of-war camps — were able to return to the United States after V-J Day.
On 23 November 2006, Thanksgiving Day, the wreck of Perch was located by accident by an international team of divers off the coast of Java. The expedition had hoped to photograph the wreck of Exeter, sunk in the same area on 1 March 1942.[12] The wreck of the Perch was illegally salvaged sometime between 2006 and 2016 and no longer exists. Unlike the Dutch and British ships near her which were also illegally scavenged, the Perch was not a war grave as it had been abandoned by the crew during battle without fatalities.
Awards
Perch received one battle star for World War II service.
First Lieutenant Kenneth G. Schacht was awarded a Navy Cross for assisting in the scuttling of the submarine and therefore preventing classified code books, materials, and equipment to be utilized by the Japanese.[13]
The Perch is the subject of an episode of the syndicated television anthology series, The Silent Service, which aired during the 1957-1958 season.
References
- 1 2 3 4 Friedman, Norman (1995). U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. pp. 285–304. ISBN 1-55750-263-3.
- 1 2 3 Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 268–269. ISBN 0-313-26202-0.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 305–311
- ↑ Lenton, H. T. American Submarines (New York: Doubleday, 1973), p.45.
- 1 2 3 Lenton, p.45.
- ↑ Alden, John D., Commander, USN (retired). The Fleet Submarine in the U.S. Navy (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1979), p.210.
- 1 2 Alden, p.210.
- ↑ U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp.261–263
- 1 2 Alden, p.211.
- 1 2 Alden, p.62.
- ↑ Blair, Clay, Jr. Silent Victory (New York: Bantam, 1976; reprints Lippincott 1975 edition), p.188.
- ↑ Kakesako, Gregg K. (2007-01-21). "Sunken WWII sub found by accident near Java". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Retrieved 2007-06-28.
- ↑ "Kenneth George Schacht". Military Times. Retrieved 2014-10-24.
- This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.
Further reading
- Bureau of Ships (1 January 1949). Submarine Report: Depth Charge, Bomb, Mine, Torpedo and Gunfire Damage Including Losses in Action 7 December, 1941 to 15 August, 1945. 1. US Navy. War Damage Report No. 58.
External links
Coordinates: 6°30′S 113°50′E / 6.500°S 113.833°E
